Disinfect the water with your own hands. Desalination of well water

Water- The head had to live on the planet, the basis of all living things and all organisms. People cannot live without it for long; not all water is suitable for drinking. Of course, because she may be congested, in such a situation, you risk losing health problems, so it is necessary. And it could also be that all the water that you order will be salty, sea water. Well, maybe you survived a ship accident and are drifting on a raft at sea. Abo got drunk on a deserted island. Abo Vi is the proud son of a desert, in which there are millions of oil and with which there is no fresh water. People can’t get cold for long on sea water, so why work in such a situation? Fortunately, humanity is obviously not leading a good life, it is found There are many ways to purify sea water. You will be deprived of choosing the most suitable one from them.

Chemical method of ion exchange

This is a completely new method that allows us to open up new prospects for desalination of water. It is necessary to run water through filters to remove ionites. Ionites are special substances that form a granular structure and are organic acids and bases. Non-resident waters may have the power to exchange their ions for ions that enter the outlet water storage. They are divided according to the type of ion that is exchanged, and those that exchange cations include Ca +2, Mg +2, Na+ and others, and those that exchange anions, such as Cl-, SO -2 4 and nshi. The water has been purified so that it can contain up to three grams of salt per liter.

Ion filters are either pressure or non-pressure. Their main advantage is that pressure filters are installed on underground water jets, so they do not require further purification, and pressureless filters are installed on surface water. Here it is necessary to first cleanse and uncontaminate.

Before the ionites, the songs of victory hang. It is not their fault that the authorities change the waters and lead to the emergence of speeches that are harmful to people’s health.

Electrodialysis

Build up to placing water in an electrical field. In this case, the cations and anions of the water collapse to the cathode and anode previously enclosed in it. The desalination unit is equipped with special membranes that are permeable to cations and anions. This allows desalinated water to accumulate between these partitions. At first it was all just a science experiment. However, over the years, the power supply has significantly decreased, which has led to the stagnation of electrodialysis on a large scale. This method is also combined with the previous one, if permeable membranes are prepared with ion exchangers included.

Designated methods for industrial desalination. Use vicor in dry regions to avoid shortages of drinking water. These methods require special and even expensive equipment and are of little use in the home, not even though they are wasteful. This is where other methods come into play. So, in home brews, salt water can be distilled and partially frozen. And in the latter, collect the condensate using an open fire, hot water, and melt snow and ice. Let's take a look at this report.

Desalination of water in household and outdoor wastewater

To convert sea water into fresh water in home washes, use Vikorist distillationі freezing. And then before changing the aggregate plant, the water is either converted into steam or into ice, as a result of which the water is added with a significant portion of the salts that are contained in it.

Water distillation

Distillation sits near heated water, which is then evaporated and collects condensate in a nearby container. A moonshine still is best suited for distillation. There are special distillation units that operate at temperatures close to 100 degrees, which are preferably non-infectious. The downside of water that distills is that it has neither taste nor smell. Drinking it, it seems, is unacceptable. Well, these current settings have the function of adding mineral water to such water in order to give it the desired taste.

Water condensation

Since there is no moonshine still under your hand, you can quickly use the method condensation. Seal the bowl with water from the empty bowl with tape and place them in a warm or dry place. When the bowl is empty, put a few more pieces on the bottom. After about an hour, clean condensate will be collected, which will be available for drinking water.

A wide basin is suitable for washing. Water is poured into the basin, and an empty container is placed in the middle. On top of which the bag or melt is stretched and sealed tightly. A small vanity is placed in the middle, and the entire structure is placed in a warm or sunny place. After about an hour, condensation will begin to accumulate in the tank.

Freezing water

Freezing salted water will require storage in the freezer. This method is simple and easy, very reasonable and does not require any compromise in construction. Just pour salted water into a container and place it in the freezer. Then you need to carefully follow it so that it doesn’t freeze completely. There will be no fresh water on the surface, and if the reservoir is completely frozen, there will be nowhere to go. Therefore, step by step, we collect the ice that is being cured. The water will accumulate and there is no need to drain all the water from the container. Once you have emptied two-thirds of the container with salt water, pour in the excess and add a new one.

You'll have to improvise, because it's unlikely that you'll think of taking a portable water filter with you on your hike. If guessing is tricky, if you stumbled upon a hopeless situation, then indulge your imagination - you can improvise a distiller using improvised methods, literally from acorns and pine cones and steam the water to dry omu fire, or else quickly get out of the pelvis, or replace the pelvis vikoristovvati viritu pit.

The taste of desalinated water

So, the axis is already a real problem. Water that has undergone distillation and distillation has no taste, no smell, it’s just not there. Of course, it is clean and safe for health, so, without water, people cannot live for long, however, drinking untasted fresh water will help to instill the will to live in the worst survivors. It’s understandable that you stumbled alone on a deserted island and with nails and clubs were able to dismantle your own distiller, and then spent the day waiting until you managed to distill a cup of water, then you have little choice: either drink, eat, or shukati is normal, or sit down and die from sprague. No one wants to die, but you may not appear like a jellyfish, so you will have to drink what you can eat. Your bitter taste can be slightly brightened up by adding something to the garden, which will give more taste and smell, or even salt water, in reasonable proportions.

The main problem of any ship that has suffered an accident is the loss of drinking water. Seriously, paradise islands, with plenty of fruits and clean dzherels - rather blame the rules. Most often you have to live in the least suitable areas for living. And if you can save it for later, then the problem water video boot stands up straight away and even sharply.

There really are enough options. You can collect, you can try to dig up a “well” on a soft birch tree, in which water, passed through meters of sand, will appear completely nutritious. And you can call yourself for help in school learning physics and studying the simplest things desalination of sea water.

Otje. For desalination of water you will need:

• plastic dance
• great light capacity
• small dark capacity
• polyethylene melt

It's all simple. We bury a large container in the ground up to the brim, before placing a medium dark container filled with sea water. And in it we place a flask or a cut-off plastic pad, and everything is moistened so that the salt water does not drain there. The entire structure is exposed to the sun, hermetically covered with spit. It is also recommended to place a small amount of liquid directly on top of the flask - this will allow water to drain there. I, please, that’s it. After 8 years, you will just have a bottle of 200 milliliters, in the middle.

The principle of operation is simple: under the action of the hydration chamber, the dark material is heated, and the water is evaporated. Polyethylene melt does not release water vapor, and the high-capacity walls ensure the temperature difference necessary for condensation.

Vlasna, the recipe can be changed. Actors, for example, would rather not waste a large amount of space, but simply dig a hole in the sand and place dark dishes there. Others respect for the better vikorism and the obscure polyethylene. In short, there are options.

In any case, for effective desalination of water One such design will really not be enough. And about five or six pieces can already completely provide you with the daily norm, and still allow time for urgent inquiries. The main problem lies in the fact that a ship that has suffered an accident often does not have any clue, so there is no need to worry about the castrules. This is the time when the recipe is re-invented and forgotten.

In the ever-polluted ocean, on the shores of almost any island you can find plastic bowls and old bags. It’s rough, wrinkled, sometimes crappy, or better yet, nothing at all. So we dig a hole, throw some leaves, moistened with sea water, at the bottom, and place a cut plastic flap at the center. The top is polyethylene with a number of balls. You will need to add water periodically.

Theoretically, polyethylene can be replaced with wide sheets, but this replacement will further reduce the efficiency of the process desalination of water. In short, you won’t be able to achieve high-quality insurance coverage here. Ale is better, nothing less.

Water is a tricky mess. At normal temperature (18 ° C) in 1 liter of water you can dissolve 90 g of baking soda, 360 g of kitchen salt, 600 g of baking soda.

Gases also work well near water. At 0°C, 1 liter of water is divided into 55 m 3 of chloride water.

1 liter of board water contains up to 300 mg of water. Up to 22 g of salts per 1 liter are distributed in underground waters.

People can drink water with a salinity of 1-1.5 g per 1 liter.

Underground waters, which live in wells, can dissolve the salts that are in the soil and thereby become unsuitable for living people for technical needs (scale appears on the heating elements of kettles, washing machines, boilers c).

So that well water with a high content of salts becomes cinnamon for vicorization in the water, desalination of water is carried out using installations and filters.

Desalination of water - methods

In practice, the following methods of water desalination are used:

• vaporization (distillation);
• chemical precipitation;
• ion exchange;
• electroosmosis;
• desalination and freezing;
• Reverse osmosis.

Desalination of water by distillation method

The most widely known and practiced method is the mixing of water and salts, and also the most energy-intensive method. To desalinate sea water using this method, a nuclear reactor was specially installed at the Near Landing.

This method of desalination of large amounts of water becomes more practical after the release of helium (dormouse) desalination agents.

Chemical precipitation method

This method is used even in general and only for singing salts. It is believed that the singing chemical elements transform the salts into water and the stench falls under siege.

Ion exchange

The method is based on the fact that resins with an excess positive or negative charge (anion resins, cation resins) attract and bind salts with an excess charge.

Regeneration of resins allows them to be stagnated, which is a well-known method of industrial stagnation in the grub and electronic industries.

Electroosmosis

Desalination using this method is similar to ion exchange, in that the resins are replaced by membranes under different polarities. The method is very productive, but requires periodic replacement of membranes and waste of electricity to build up the potential on the electrodes.

Desalination after freezing

This method is based on the fact that salts in water freeze at low temperatures, the water is less pure, so the stench is lost in a rare state, and ice when water is frozen is composed of only H molecules

2O (phenomenon of cryoscopy). The method is very laborious and does not guarantee complete cleansing. You can stop at the household sinks for a small drink of water.

Feral osmosis

There are methods of desalination that follow the principle of desalination as described above - desalination by reverse osmosis, when the salt is dissolved in the water, they are reinforced behind a membrane that is impermeable to salts, but not permeable to water.

The principle of osmosis was created by nature and is the basis for the exchange of fluids in almost all living organisms on the planet. Osmosis works in such a way that living cells retain living substances, and it is important that the cells remove toxins.

When water is purified by reverse osmosis, all the substances and water that are contained in it are divided into two streams, the difference between them varies depending on the concentration of salts. The water in one flow is purified, and the water with a higher concentration of salts goes to the drainage.

Filters for desalination of water

Original water filters with mesh and carbon surfaces cannot be used to desalinate water from a well. The stink of this place won't get in the way.

Use an ion filter to soften the water. It has stagnant ion resins (cation/anion resins) that need to be changed periodically. What is more practical for everyday waste is a reverse osmosis filter.

Return osmosis filters require the most acidic, stink-free, vicoric and hollow-fiber polymer membranes to purify water to such a level that pure molecular water comes out. It will have absolutely no salts or wasteful organic matter.

Drinking such water for a long time is ineffective; the remains are critically important for people, like salts and minerals.

Therefore, these types of filters are often equipped with mineralizers. Apparently, filters cost a lot of money and cost around the installation.

Water desalination plants

For water desalination on an industrial scale, flow-through installations with resins that are regenerated (ionic installations) are installed - this is the easiest to maintain and economically viable option. Current trade is promoting small-sized versions of such installations for autonomous water supply in cottage villages and individual housing.

Commercial distillers are often involved in the distillation process. Their simplicity and corrosion-resistant materials used in the preparation of such distillers are a real argument for the rich producers of such desalinated water. Such desalination plants are used in chemical production and in the food industry.

Vaporizers have proven to be particularly effective, as they evaporate sonic energy, but there are still few of them stagnating. The need for large capital expenditures and a lot of money. To protect the seas in the tropics - this is a very viable option, but not for a cottage village in the middle of nowhere, either a river or a cold forest - this installation is not suitable.

Increasing the effectiveness of methods and filters

For the effectiveness of water desalination methods, their traces should be divided into industries and households. It is most effective to purify large quantities of water and even very hard water (for example, sea water) using the method of distillation or the method of ion exchange, and in practice the method of reverse osmosis will be more effective.

Remaining well water is desalinated in collective and individual autonomous water supply systems, then for its desalination it is necessary to use the methods of ion exchange or reverse osmosis. Examples of such equipment for collective korstuvannya are:

• Ecosoft FU-1035-Cab-CG;
• Organic U-1035 Economy;
• Ecosoft FU-835 Cab-CG;
• Organic Big Blue 20;
• Filter cab-1035-U CI;
• Atlas LCS15;
• BWT AQUADIAL Softlife 15.

For an individual search, use the following filters:

• filter SVOD AC 10/250;
• AC 5/100;
• filter SVOD AC 5/300.

Alternatively, in an individual plant for desalination of well water, a reverse osmosis filter is used. For example:

• AURO-505P-JG (100G);
• 400G (on frame) AURO-4005-Rama;
• AURO-4005-FLOW;
• Atoll A560 Em Premium (with mineralizer).

In commercial markets, the supply of filters for desalination of well water is very large, so your choice must be made based on needs and possibilities. The best option would be to consult with the doctors and consult with other employees.

People have long figured out how to desalinate sea water without access to drinking water, and even nutritional water - the basis of nutrition for a living organism.

Today, desalination can be obtained from sea water in different ways and in different minds - industrial, domestic and extreme. Such habits allow you to endure the pain of sprague if fresh, nutritious water is unavailable for any reason.

Common methods of water desalination

In some regions of the planet, the shortage of fresh water is most severe - including dry landscapes. Such locality stagnates industrial desalination.

At home, the drainage of salt water from salt water will desalinate important household drains, either momentarily or permanently, if the population experiences the most severe marriage of food supplies.

Navigators, how to get fresh water, suffering only from the sea, have repeatedly fought to live in the minds of natural disasters, to fishermen who perished in the sea, as well as to extreme fishermen.

• Methods of industrial desalination - chemical using additional reagents, industrial distillation in a distiller, additional installation and ion exchange, reverse osmosis through membrane filters, electrodialysis and industrial freezing;
• Methods of home desalination - distillation and partial freezing;
• The method of extreme desalination is the collection of condensate from additional fire or sun, as well as the desalination of fresh ice.

Methods of desalination on an industrial scale are not our topic, but a core option, how at home or in nature you can completely eliminate the need for drinking water, as described in the report - the stench may appear brown.

Desalination of water in household washes

At home there is always a fire or heat, dishes and equipment that are needed for the conversion of sea water to desalinize the distillate, and at the very least there is a freezer.

The best way to distill sea water into distillate is a distillate, as it burns fire, and then burns its analogue. Zavdannya like this:

• stir the sea water until it evaporates when heated;
• remove collected condensate;
• cooling drops of steam, collect them in a container.

As a substitute for the moonshine snake, go for some kind of utensil that can be put on the distiller. The sea water is poured into it, then the vessel is covered with a lid with an opening into which a couple of tubes are inserted to bring it in. It’s time to put a plastic hose on the tube, lower its end into the container where fresh water will accumulate, and cover it with a wet plaster so that the steam cools faster.

Sometimes, due to hard times, there is no water, no gas, no electricity in the entire life, and there is no water available for drinking. In this case, there are two options for not dying from sprague.

Option #1.

• The output is poured into a plastic bowl.
• The rhubarb should be placed in such a way that it does not reach the neck of the dance, so that it is covered with a plasma.
• The neck of the dance with the exit middle is connected to the neck of the empty dance with additional tape.
• The structure is placed flat in the warmest place, such as in a cabin - for example, a radiator or flooded with sun on a windowsill.
• Any object is placed under the empty dump so that there will be a little bit of wealth, nothing from the environment.
• Without leaving the empty pan on top, drops of condensate will accumulate, which will evaporate and flow down.
• If you do not cut the tape and empty the containers, the empty ones will have enough water to drink.

Option #2.

• We need a small basin with high sides.
• Place a small container in the center (a simple bottle will do).
• Water is poured into the basin for desalination, and the rhubarb is responsible for the rhubarb in the bottle.
• A polyethylene or cellophane spittle is stretched over the top of the pelvis.
• A small vantage is placed on the spit directly above the bottle.
• The structure collapses closer to the heat.
• Without a barbecue, drops of condensate will accumulate on the pool, which will evaporate and flow down.

If you fail to remove the cellophane from the basin, the bottle will have enough water to drink.

Increase your respect! These methods work miraculously in natural minds.

The third option for obtaining nutritional water is partial freezing in the freezer.

• Pour sea water into a wide container.
• Place in the freezer.
• Monitor the freezing process periodically.
• As soon as a thin ball of ice appears, carefully scoop it up so that there is fresh water.
• Take out a small ball of ice right away - the crystals may not be mixed with salt.

Increase your respect! Completely frozen sea water produces salted ice.

Desalination of water in extreme minds

To get a drink of nutritious water, although there is plenty of sea water, in extreme conditions, when natural fresh water is kilometers away, is nutritional survival.

The best option is to use a rather primitive distiller.

• For this purpose, place a container on top of sea water and cover the animal with a lid.
• You need to make a hole in the crack and insert a tube there to let in steam.
• Since there is no opening and nothing can break through it, it means that the tube is simply squeezed under the lid.
• The other end of the tube, to collect drops of condensate, must be placed in a clean bowl.
• To speed up the steam release, cover the tube with a wet cloth or gradually pour cold water over it.
• When the lids are removed from the dishes, “dah” is removed from the metal, and clean dishes are placed to the bottom edge, where we drain the distillate.

If it is on the right in the summer heat, it is a very simple option to desalinate the water, otherwise the water will not be as fluid as after an additional fire. For this you only need one container, a pot and a pit.

• You need to make the hole a little deeper, lower than the height of your container.
• The bottom of the pits is clearly watered with sea water.
• An empty tank is placed at the center of the burial.
• The pit is covered with spit, and its edges are firmly fixed with sand, pebbles, and earth.
• On the center of the spit, directly above the vessel, place a piece of wood - a small stone, a stick, with soil or sand, so that the surface becomes bent.
• The water, having evaporated, then settles on the surface from the spittle and slowly flows directly into the container.
• In the heat, within a couple of years the vessel will have enough water to drink.

Increase your respect! The condensate completely reduces the salts, so that the sprague can be absorbed until extremes are achieved by adding a little sea water.

Another method of desalination is freezing, especially for the hardened winter minds. This algorithm is similar to home freezing, just like the freezer here the street frost comes into play. You need to scoop up sea water and squeeze ice on the surface of the crystals - the stench will taste fresh, and you can completely drink from such water.

Fresh water is an indispensable part of our diet and is essential for survival. The growing population has led to shortages on the planet. The depletion of nutritious water reserves has left humanity searching for ways to independently prepare it. Like a dzherel for desalination, the ocean of light is used for desalination. Its water is purified from excess salts using special installations, such as desalination of sea water.

Various methods have emerged to purify water on an industrial scale. Many of them are associated with the rise of large energy-intensive installations - distillers and special filters. The basic methods of desalination in the industry are as follows.

Stagnation of chemical reagents

For desalination, special compounds are used that react with salts of sea water, creating non-essential chemical compounds. After the reaction is complete, it is necessary to remove the sediments by filtration.

In industry, this method is used very rarely, and in everyday life – not at all. The main shortcomings of this method of cleansing are:

• the number of reagents is high;
• the triviality of the process is significant;
• road.

Return osmosis method

This method of drinking water, which has proven itself well, has been stuck in the industry for a long time. It is found in a variety of purification membranes, which are made from a polymeric material – polyamide and cellulose. Water with a high salt content is passed under pressure through the membranes, as a result, H2O molecules pass through the pores, and large ions of the house are rubbed. This method allows you to remove a large amount of purified water.

Desalinates water independently

A lot of people linger in dry areas, where the shortage of fresh water is a serious problem. Drinking water is not delivered to some settlements; local residents must obtain it on their own. The stench piled up a great warning, how to desalinate the sea water in household minds.

Water distillation

How to make a desalination plant of sea water with your own hands. This action is based on such a physical process as condensation. You can simply boil sea water in a saucepan covered with a lid. Steam accumulates under the lid and transforms into pure condensate. However, in this case, most of the fresh water is wasted, and the remainder flows back to the reservoir.

For the current problem, you can further analyze this method:

1. Drill the hole in the pot's crust.
2. Insert a pipe into the new baby and cover the pan with a lid.
3. Place the other end of the tube before another vessel.
4. Cover the tube with a wet towel so that the water vapor cools.
5. Place the saucepan on the fire and wait until the water condenses in another vessel.

The saucepan will be deprived of salt and other houses, and the other vessel will have clean water.

It is important to ensure that the water is distilled and not harmful to the body. Therefore, before implantation, it is recommended to dilute a little with salt water.

The advantages of this method include its simplicity and ease of use in everyday life, and the shortcomings are the small amount of raw material removed.

Freezing method

You can learn how to produce fresh water from sea water, which can be obtained from the people of the cold regions of the Earth's cooler regions. There is talk about the Eskimos, who profit from the great reserves of fresh water from the ice fields. It is also advisable to expose the salted water to frost and wait for the crystals to form in the ice. This ice contains frozen water molecules. Yogo is melted and vicorized for drinking and cooking.

In rare cases, houses are deprived of water, so it’s easy to wake up by simply watering.

Vikoristannya of special installations

Special desalination plants for purifying sea water have become available for sale. The most popular of them is the dormouse. It will ensure the evaporation of H2O molecules using additional energy from the sun.

Salt water is placed at the bottom. The steam condenses on the walls of the cone, drains and accumulates at the inlet below. The hermetic structure of the installation creates a greenhouse effect and does not allow steam to escape, which makes the method more effective. To extract clean water, once everything has evaporated, unscrew the cap and pour the liquid into the container.