Shuisky (princely district). Tragedy of the Princes of Shui

12.06.2023

Princes Shuisky - a friend behind the seniority of the Ryurik line to the family after the Moscow princes. Tsey the most famous rіd updovzh of the XVI century. having known the throne, and on the cob of the 17th century, the representative reached the royal throne, but did not zoom in on the new one. At the XVI century. The Shuiskys were the most prominent and noble family of the Moscow state, the protégés of the Time of Troubles, they broke yoga.

The ancestor of the Shuisky Buvs was the brother of Alexander Nevsky, Andriy Yaroslavich. In the midst of the first in Russia, having stood up against the panuvannya of the Ordi, but having recognized the blows and the embarrassment, he reconciles with him, that the great princeling has passed to the yogo famous brother, who has reached the entire policy of non-resistance to the Ordi.

Andriy Yaroslavich's caps reigned at Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod. At the XIV century. The Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod princes, Kostyantin Vasilovich and її son Dmitro Kostyantinovich, were unsafe supermen of the Moscow princes in the fight against the great prince. At 1360 p. Dmitro Kostyantinovich of Nizhny Novgorod, shriveled by him, that the Moscow prince Dmitro Ivanovich (the famous Mamaia’s future successor on the Kulikovo field) became a child, having taken the yarlik from the Horde to the great princedom and having taken the throne from Volodymyr. Prote for a sprat of fate, the Moscow boyars drove the prince out of the capital city and obtained a grand prince's yarlik for Dmitri of Moscow. Dmitro Kostyantinovich resigned himself to the loss, having seen his daughter for the Moscow prince, and for a long time becoming his ally in the fight against Ordi. In the military campaigns of the ordinances, the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod princedom was ravaged, and Dmitro Kostyantinovich was inspired by the policy of opposing the Orda. In 1382 p. Vіn vіdkritо zradiv kolishnіy union. The blues of Dmitry Kostyantinovich, princes Vasil and Semyon, accompanied the military khan Tokhtamish, who attacked Moscow, and moved the Muscovites to the gates of the fort (Dmitry Donskoy himself was not at the city). The princes swore that Tokhtamish would not hurt the townspeople, and they kissed the cross as a sign of the breadth of their oath. The Muscovites believed their relatives, the princess, and they made the gates. The Tatars escaped to Moscow, they found out about the terrible rout and they burned it.

Zrada of Dmitri Nizhny Novgorod did not cause war between the inhabitants of Nizhny Novgorod and Muscovites, perhaps, Dmitry Donskoy had enough strength to fight against his father-in-law. However, Donskoy's successor, Vasil I, got even with Nizhniy Novgorod for the ruin of Moscow. In 1391 p. having taken the yarlik in the Horde in the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod princedom, she came to her volodin. Blue and onuki of Dmitry Kostyantinovich right up to the first quarter of the XV century. they tried to fight for the return of their share, rushing to the army of Ordi, the protesters recognized the blows.

At this hour, a small Shuysky recession (the center is near the Shuy township, ninth - near the warehouse of the Ivaniv region) is still saved. The ancestor of the remote princes of the Shuysky Buvs was Yuriy Vasilovich, onuk of Dmitry Kostyantinovich. However, in the middle of the XV century. life near the crippled valley ceased to please the rulers. Prince Vasil Vasilovich Shuisky, on the honor of Grebinka, serving Veliky Novgorod. His relatives, princes Vasil and Fedir Yuryovichi (the blue of the first prince Shuisky), entered into an alliance with the fierce enemy of the Grand Duke Vasil II Vasilyovich - Dmitri Shemyaka and signed an agreement with him, zgіdno z yakim at times, as Shemyak would take the Moscow throne, then Suzdal Below the princedom will be renewed and transferred to the Shuisky brothers. However, the entire agreement was no longer on paper. At 1450 p. Shemyaka, having recognized the miserable blows of Vasil II and having flooded Galich, Prince Vasil Yuriyovich died without a hitch, and Prince Fedir brought his “blame” to Vasil II. The resistance of Moscow to Prince Vasil Grebinka Shuisky was not successful either. In 1456 p. vin ocholyuvav novgorodskoe vіysko at the battle with Muscovites. Novgorodians were beaten, and the wounded Prince Shuisky, who was alive, was taken from the battlefield.

For Ivan III Shuisky to go to the state service and take one of the first jobs. At the Russian-Lithuanian war on the cob of the XVI century. famous Prince Vasil Vasilyovich Shuisky, Nimiy was awarded the prize. Vіn taking the fate of the rich campaigns against Lithuania, and after the capture of Smolensk in 1514. buv deprivation from the new voivode. Prince Vasil Nemoy rozkrivu zmovu, sho mav hand over Smolensk to Lithuania, and, zahopivshi zmovniki, ordered them to stand in the eyes of the Lithuanian army, which came to the place.

In the childhood of Ivan IV, Prince Vasil Vasilovich was the head of the boyar party, as the ruler fought. Youmu was far away to usunut supernikіv and become the ruler of the state. Finally, the prince made friends with the cousin of Ivan IV - Anastasia - the daughter of the baptized Tatar "tsarevich" Peter and the sister of Vasil III, Princess Evdokia Ivanivna. Vіn having taken away the title of the Moscow monk and having occupied the Kremlin door of Prince Andriy Staritsky, the late brother of Vasil III. Ale 1538 r. death struck the old prince Vasily Vasilyovich.

The brother of the Mute, Prince Ivan Vasilovich, having occupied this place, while fighting against the princes of Belsky did not zoom in and out of Moscow to the province to Volodymyr. In the meantime, near Moscow, the Shuiskys' supporters were preparing a rally against the Belskys. Prince Ivan Vasilyovich galloped to Moscow at night (Sarch 3, 1542) and took power from his own hand. The head of the order is Prince I. F. Belsky drank up to the pit, de bouve the murders, yoga prikhilniks were also sent to the pit. Metropolitan Joasaph, who was a supporter of the Belskys, was not beaten up a little and sent to the Kirilo-Bilozersk Monastery, and the Archbishop of Novgorod Macarius was appointed to this place. The Novgorodians began to cheer the Shuiskys, remembering that they were the remaining governor of Vilny Novgorod.

Yearly, Ivan the Terrible, from a warm voice, foresaw about the hour of his orphanhood. The boyars, following the advice of the tsar, giving him a call of duty and povag, did not talk about that new brother. Ivan's younger brother, the deaf-mute Yuri, could not be a good friend to you. The boy, feeling himself zanedbanim.

I especially hate the Terrible viklikav Ivan Shuisky. At the first envoy to Andriy Kurbsky, Ivan IV, having guessed the picture of his childishness: “It’s been, we’re sorry, and Prince Ivan Vasilyovich Shuisky is sitting on the lava, leaning on our father’s bed and laying his foot on the steel, but don’t look at us - no to father, not like a guardian, not like a slave on paniv ... " The royal children, having guessed Grozny, were avenged "like miserable servants." Behind the words of the king, the children of the Grand Duke were starving.

The urological cleansing of Prince Ivan Shuisky was short-lived: by the grass 1542 p. Vіn died, and the order was separated by his relatives, princes Ivan and Andriy Mikhailovich Shuisky, that prince Fedir Ivanovich Skopin-Shuisky. Panuvav hіzh them Prince Andriy Mikhailovich, who wore the famous Palisade. Earlier, he became famous for his zhorstokistyu and greediness, if he was a monastic at Pskov (1539–1540). The Pskov chronicler recounts that “the maisterny people worked for nothing for nothing, and the great people gave it to you as a gift...” to Novgorod. “Were monks in Pskov,” the chronicler robs the visnovok, “fierce, like lions, and their people, like beasts marvelous to the villagers.”

While the boyars fought one by one and stole the sovereign's treasury, young Ivan IV was a faggot. His image and anger, the lad, began to scatter on wordless creatures. Following the words of a great friend, and then an ideological opponent of the tsar, Prince Andriy Kurbsky, young Ivan IV threw off cats and dogs from high towers. If you are guilty, then start throwing people away. With the company of one-liners, the young grand duke galloped through the Maidans and markets on horseback and began to beat the city dwellers on the way. The boyars praised the zhorstokі amusements of the little sovereign, seeming: "Oh good will be tsar and husband!"

Palatsov's struggle was accompanied by violence, as if guarding the young grand duke. Ivan Vasilyovich was sensible and smart, violence deeply entered the mind of a child. At 13 rokіv vіn vinіs svіy first mortal virok, having punished the head of the boyar party of the Shuiskys - Prince Andriy Mikhailovich Shuisky (1543). From that hour, like writing a chronicle, "the boyars began to be afraid, in the presence of the sovereign mother, fear and obedience."

Having hammered on the cob of his rule of Prince Andriy Shuisky, Ivan the Terrible, having exhausted his hatred to the whole family. Nadali, navitt oprichnina at the rocky, zhoden from representatives of the homeland of the Shuiskys, not the letters. Schopravda, at the fierce 1565 p. among the first victims of the oprichnina terror, the boyar prince Oleksandr Borisovich Gorbaty-Suzdalsky was beheaded, glorifications of the voivode, which marked the hour of the capture of Kazan, that її son Petro - relatives of the princes Shuisky. However, the Shuiskys themselves were at the doviri of the king.

The son of the ruler of Prince Ivan Vasilyovich - Prince Petro Ivanovich - took the fate of the Kazan takeover of 1552, took the Mari and Udmurt lands, took Derpt, Marienburg and other places from the Livonian war. In 1564 p. Viyskove happiness healed Prince Peter Ivanovich - at the battle with Hetman Radziwill, he was beaten, having sent a horse and a pishka to the sudan village. Lithuanian villagers, having recognized the Russian governor, plundered yoga and drowned it at the well. The body of Shuisky was consecrated by Hetman Radzivil at the Vilnius Church, in order from the ashes of the Grand Duchess of Lithuania Olenya Ivanivna, daughter of Ivan III.

Examples of the 1560s. the remains of Shuisky became the subject of diplomatic listing between the order of Ivan the Terrible and the Polish-Lithuanian "lords". On the cob 1569 p. the tsars were “beaten with a cholom” by princes Ivan and Mikita Petrovich Shuisky about those who, having allowed the tsar to exchange the body of their father for the body of the squad of the Lithuanian governor Stanislav Dovoyny, yak died in the Russian fullness, she was buried in Moscow. Domovlenіst pro tse bula mayzha reached, but having repaired the opіr Vіlenskiy voivode, the gate of the Dovoynia, and the ashes of Prince Shuisky were left in a foreign land.

Sin of Prince P.I. Shuisky Prince Mikita died in 1571. On the eve of Devlet-Girey's attack on Moscow, the Tatars set fire to the place. Moscow began to feel terrible. The population was stunned with panic and rushed from the Kremlin and Kitai-mesta Zhivim (floating bridge) across the Moscow River. Prince Mikita tried to break through at this place, but one of the servants of Prince Tatev planted at the new knife, and the prince died from his wounds.

The elder brother of Prince N. P. Shuisky, Prince Ivan Petrovich, became famous for the heroic defense of Pskov against the Polish King Stefan Batory. Together with his kinsman, Prince Vasil Fedorovich Skopinim-Shuisky, Prince Ivan Petrovich was appointed to Pskov, to which the Serpni 1580 p. the army of the Polish king came. The heroic defense of Pskov lasted five months. The defenders of the place witnessed the fierce fire of the prophetic artillery, and they themselves actively fired on the royal tabir z garmat, attacked the attacks and undermined the pidkopi. The oblozhniki zahopili one of the most important places - Svinyach, - but the Pskov gunners hit it on the famous majestic harmony that the name Bars wore, and pierced it. With the bodies of the Poles and Lithuanians, uperemish іz surpluses of the veils and walls, reminiscent of the burnt river of the Pskov fort. Having spent five thousand people killed, the king of turmoil moved in the sight of the slaughter of Pskov. Having left the tabir for 1 breast of vines, entrusting the hetman Yan Zamoysky with the oblogue, the battles were fought like hell. Nevdacha near Pskov was importantly marked on the military and material resources of the Commonwealth, and peace was laid down without a hitch.

On the cob of the reign of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, Prince Ivan Petrovich Shuisky rose to regency for the sake of the sovereign. Vin became the head of the party of opponents of Boris Godunov. The Shuiskys were chosen to strike at the main pillar of Godunov's influx: in 1586. Shuisky, enlisting the support of Metropolitan Dionysius and Bishop of Krutitsy Varlaam, turned to the tsar for those wines, "for the sake of childbearing", tonsured his squad Irina Godunova in chernitsa, and himself joined another coat. Prominent Moscow merchants stepped on the boots of the Shuiskys. Ale Boris was far away to defeat his opponents. Nezabar, Metropolitan Dionisiy was taken to the throne, Prince Ivan Petrovich Shuisky and his relatives - brothers Princes Andriy, Vasil, Oleksandr, Dmitro and Ivan Ivanovich Shuisky - were sent, and Moscow merchants Nagay and Golub were "comrade" strachens. At the sent I. P. Shuisky and A.I. Shuisky boules were beaten in by their bailiffs, the first - in 1588, and the other - in 1589.

After the death of Prince Ivan Petrovich, Prince Vasil Ivanovich became the head of the family, the head of the family Andriy Chastokola. For the first time, the wines are built at the dzherelakhs in 1574, if there were middle goals at the sovereign’s regiment on the march of Ivan the Terrible against the Crimeans. At 1580 p. Prince Vasil was the king's friend on the yogo wedding with Mary Nagoya. Zgіdno with deaky zvіstkami, Vasil Shuisky, for Ivan the Terrible, showing ambitious pragnennya to the throne. Vtіm, tsya zvіstka as a whole can be inspired by advancing podіyami. In 1584 p. the prince, having conquered the boyars, then, together with the other Shuiskys, put them in disgrace, having recognized the blows in the court struggle with Godunov.

Boris Godunov was afraid of Shuisky, the first and head of the Boyar Duma, Prince F.I. It was forbidden for Mstislavsky to make friends in order to stoop down. Ale in 1591. Prince Vasil was appointed as the head of the investigation commission sent to Uglich to investigate the death of Tsarevich Dmitry, and he turned to the decisions that Godunov could see: the prince “self-declared” through the Nagikh’s nekhtuvanya. Love of Prince Dmitry Shuisky, brother Vasil and Katerina Grigorivna Skuratova-Belskaya, Tsar Boris’s brother-in-law and daughter of Malyuta Skuratov, having marked Godunov’s alliance with Shuisky.

If the first few hints about the impostor appeared, having accepted the name of "Tsarevich Dmitry Uglichsky", Prince Vasil Shuisky had the opportunity to calm the Muscovites to go to Lobnya Misce and take an oath and swear an oath to the fact that the tsarevich, having perished on the occasion of the unfortunate flutter. It didn’t make you, then, together with other boyars, recognize the tsar’s campaign of False Dmitry I. Nezabar after this wine, having become a soul, rush against the impostor and saying that the new tsar is an impostor, and Tsarevich Dmitr was beaten in at Godunov’s order. In this manner, Prince Vasilev had occasion, with the weather, to change his point of view on the share of that death of Tsarevich Dmitr. It is unlikely that yogo trace zvonuvachuvati in tsoma, Vasil Shuisky deyav just like other boyars, yakі zovsі did not deed feats in іm'ya istini.

Two days after the impostor was driven in, the boyars - participants in the coup - voted Prince Vasil Ivanovich Shuisky the tsar. Undoubtedly, Vasil Shuisky maw has more rights to the throne, lower Boris Godunov and more impostor Grishka Otrep'ev. How to look at the dynastic situation of the end of the XVI century. from the look of the traditional princely law of Old Russia, then for the family of the Moscow princes, the throne was already 1598. maw go to the offensive for the seniority of the line of princes Shuisky. However, at the Time of Troubles, other factors were still running.

The co-workers say that the new tsar's name was right for all the people, and as a result, a narrow group of people was raised. The Trinity Kelar Abraham Palitsyn writes that after Vasil Shuisky was voted king, all of Russia “was ruled ... by double-thinking; some loved yoga, others hated it.”

Vasil Shuisky rozpochav his reign of publicity of a unique document - a Christian text, which guarantees the tsar's entitlement to his rights - a fair trial and the fear of unfair deceptions and strata. “Vasil Shuisky changed from the sovereign of the serfs to the rightful king of the king, ruling behind the laws” - this is how the great Russian historian V. O. Klyuchevsky assessed the significance of this document. The textbook record instantly changed the entire political outlook of the state, the protests of the obitsyanki were more than a declaration. Vasil Shuisky, having created an atmosphere of suspicion and denunciation, often destroying the Cryptal record, forcefully, correcting the strata without a fair trial, without a fair trial. The glory of a man without honor and graceful to the point of intrigue and deceit was established behind the king.

Reveals the atmosphere of denunciation and wrongful court, which flourished for Shuisky, denunciation of Vasil Shuisky's prihilniks, tributes to Prince Vladislav. Sgіdno with a denunciation, the nobleman V. B. Sukіn “sitting at the Cholobitnіy hut and sweating people, sitting by the water (to drown it) for the Shuisky order and thinking himself”; steward V.I. Buturlin - "I brought a good deal to the father"; stewards of the princes G. F. Khvorostinin, O. P. Lviv, I. M. Odoevskiy and others are called "whisperers". Confirmed by this document and a note about Shuisky's predilection for chakluniv: sleeping bag I. V. Izmailov, who is the closest to the king of the people, “became at Shuisky’s charіvnikіv i korіnіkіv”, to see the charіvnikі and znavtsіv enchanting and brittle herbs and roots.

It was given to the co-workers that, in their broken Shuisky oath, they themselves were the reason for dashing, that they spawned the Russian state under this sovereign. Others thought that the cause of the troubles that had come, was faster than Shuisky’s enthronement to the throne with a narrow stake of prikhilniks, without the participation of “all the earth”, that is, the entire population of the region. As if it had not been there, at the first month after the death of False Dmitry I, yoga had gained strength and significance, once again becoming an ensign for the dissatisfied and the rebels. Tsar Vasil Shuisky was alive when he entered in order to prevent the development of a self-proclaimed adventure: the dead body of False Dmitry, who had lain on the square for three days, was thrown at the skudelnitsa, and then burned and gunpowder was hammered into the harmat and shot from it at the b to Poland. At that very hour, Tsarevich Dmitro was recognized as a holy martyr, we will kill for the order of the bad guy - Boris Godunov. Alece did not help.

On the outskirts of the state, rebellions began against the king. The name of "Tsar Dmitr", which miraculously rose again from the dead, became an ensign, which united the dissatisfied kings of the boyar sovereign. Nevdovzі z'avivsya and the leader - a great fighting lackey Ivan Bolotnikov, who took the name of the commander of Tsar Dmitr.

The successes of Bolotnikov are hostile. A few months later, standing already under the walls of Moscow and threatening the tsar's army, which was not strong enough to desert the filthy commanders. Ale, luckily, showed up for Shuisky. The rebellious army was divided, and the leaders of the Ryazan noble militia, which, having become a significant part of the rebels, Istoma Pashkov and Prokofy Lyapunov, during the hour of victorious battles before Moscow, switched to the Tsar's beck. Bolotnikov was broken and entered Kaluga, the stars of the crossings at Tula. Tsar Vasil, having shown wisdom and pragnennya reconciliation - the Cossacks of Bolotnikov, who laid down the armor, were accepted into the sovereign's service and took away the pay. Ale "evil", taken in full from the battle, were drowned. The tsar himself cherubed Bolotnikov at Tula. Zakolotniki defended themselves with great soul, the head of a significant shkod of the fortune-telling army, but after a few months of oblogs, a shortage of food began to appear in the city, and then famine set in. “The inhabitants ate dogs, intestines, carrion on the streets, scourges and cow skins,” wrote K. Bussov, a participant in the Tula defense. For the joy of the Murom nobleman Homi Kravkov, you, who swore, blocked the flow of the river Upi, and water began to flood Tula.

The camp of the bolotnikivtsiv became vital, the water flooded the surpluses of the natural reserves, desertion and storming against the defenders - Bolotnikova and yogo allies began. The guards of the fortified Bolotnikov were embarrassed to negotiate with Shuisky and capitulate. The tsar declared to the leaders of the risen nedorcannist, but without finishing his word - all the stench was stricken.

Another fire of confusion, which was burning in Tula, was forcibly extinguished, like a half-light slaughtered, it flared up on the outskirts of the state. The Terek Cossacks, who created the False Peter, hung up a new impostor - "Tsarevich Ivan-August", the "sin" of Ivan the Terrible, in front of Hannah Koltovskaya. To this impostor Astrakhan and all the Lower Volga have succumbed. Behind him appeared the "onuk" of the Terrible, the "son" of Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich "Tsarevich Lavrenty". At the Cossack villages, impostors grew like mushrooms: the “children” of Tsar Fyodor appeared - the “princes” Simeon, Savely, Vasil, Klementy, Yoroshka, Gavrilka, Martinka. Ale's head is not safe, presenting the new Face of the bribe 1607 r. the new "Tsar Dimitri", who went down in history as False Dmitry II, or Tushinsky Evil.

The Pretender Speak at the Pokhіd near Veresni 1607 r. and rushing to the aid of the taxation of Tula. On the day of the capitulation of wines, having already gone to Kozelsk, he managed to give additional taxation and, in fear of the tsarist army, ducked into Sivershchina. Spring 1608 the impostor appeared at the march to Moscow. Lithuanian tycoon Prince Roman Rozhinsky became the commander-in-chief of the army of Cossacks, Poles and surviving swamps. The Cossacks were led by Colonel Oleksandr Lisovsky and Otaman Ivan Zarutsky. Having defeated the army under Bolkhov, which was commanded by the brother of the tsar, the boyar Dmitro Shuysky, the impostor went to Moscow and became a camp near Tushino, in view of which he took away the nickname of Tushinsky Zlodiya from the fellows.

A trival of opposition began between False Dmitry II and Vasil Shuisky. Moscow stooped in kіltsі oblogi, schopravda, not closed. Zhorstok fights were fought among the horny encampments, but not all Muscovites showed a bazhannya to die for Tsar Vasil. From Moscow to Tushino, the princes began to cross, the stewards, people served, dyaks.

Tsar Vasil slandered evil. Vіn zaproponuvav serving people or get rid of in Moscow and kiss the cross as a sign of their fidelity, or honestly get rid of the taxation of the city and go to Tushino, but don't tick by deceit. Bagato who, having shown the bajan, died for the king, but the next day, the deacons were quiet, who, swearing to be faithful to Shuisky, went to Tushino. The attempt to organize the service camps appeared not far off. At that very hour, Patriarch Hermogenes actively spoke for Shuisky, who roared with letters of literacy and invocations to serve the right tsar and not smirk at the fortune-telling beauty. While the Tushinsky Zlodiy stood under Moscow, the yogo warriors plundered the country, the robers far away resembled a pivnіchny assembly. The cities of Pereslavl, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Vologda, Volodymyr, Suzdal, Murom, Kasimov, Arzamas and others were taken to the bank of the impostor.

Vasil Shuisky turned to help the Swedish king Charles IX. At Novgorod, for negotiations with the Swedes, the relative of the tsar, the young prince Mikhailo Vasilovich Skopin-Shuisky (the son of Prince Vasily Fedorovich, who guarded the Pskov defense order with Prince I. P. Shuisky), caught up at that hour to show himself as a talented voivode. Yomu was able to get into the Russian service a recruited army in 15 thousand Swedes, Germans, Scots and other foreigners from Western Europe and brati in the Russian military areas of 3 thousand troops.

May 10, 1609 rushiv from Novgorod "for the purification of the Moscow state." Ale before the messengers sent to Skopinim-Shuisky, the commanders stunned Vologda, Yaroslavl and deyakі іnshі pіvnіchnі places near the Tushansk people. In many battles, Skopin-Shuysky defeated the firebrands of the Tushinsky Evil. On the road of Skopina-Shuisky to Moscow, the army was filled with corrals from the railway stations. Tushino hetman Jan Petro Sapieha, afraid of the advancing Russian army, having taken the cover of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, yak in fierce battles and assaults, the mayzhe chotiri month.

March 12, 1610 Prince M. V. Skopin-Shuisky, having entered Moscow, and became a triumphant people. But in the midst of the triumphant NATO, the heart of one person was filled with malice and hatred. That’s right, Prince Dmitro Ivanovich Shuisky is the brother of the tsar and a mediocre voivode, a kind of program of impersonal battles. Vіn primed because of the fear of the young commander - at the time of the death of the childless Tsar Vasil, Prince Dmitro maw take the throne, but the majestic popularity of Skopin-Shuisky instilled in the tsar's brothers a battle, that the people would vote him a degenerate, and then the king. Deyaki wanted to tell that Tsar Vasil himself was afraid of Skopin-Shuisky.

Reportedly later on the tragic podії "Writing about the tribute and the funeral of Prince Skopin-Shuisky", zgіdno z yakim, on the crosses of Prince Oleksiy Vorotinsky, the cross of the mother - "likhodіyka" Princess Kateryna Shuiska (as already mentioned above, there was a daughter yu Malyuta) - to Prince M. V. Skopin-Shuisky - a cup with a scour. The young commander of the pro-hvorіv kіlka dnіv i died on April 23, 1610. With weeping and shouting to the NATO people, the body of the prince was escorted to the burial place of the royal tomb - the Archangel Cathedral. The tsar, who had not previously been shown a special love, after the death of Skopin-Shuisky began to be hated, as the blame for his death.

Tushino camp zі death Skopina-Shuisky pіdbadёrivsya. Ale False Dmitry II, like Vasil Shuisky, feeling at ease at his "capital". Veresni 1609 p. King Sigismund III, having voted for the war of Russia, who laid an alliance with his fierce enemy and nephew - the Swedish king Charles IX, having spared Sigismund the Swedish throne. On the 1st of July, the king appeared under the walls of Smolensk, and the heroic defense of this place rose up, as if the boyar Mikhailo Borisovich Sheyn had taken aback.

Step by step, among the Poles, who displaced the impostor, the blame for the plan was: to hand over Yogo to the hands of the king, and to step on the battleships of Sigismund III and get Yomu chi Yogo son Vladislav the Moscow crown. The Poles and deyaks of the Russian Tushints began to talk with the king. The impostor, having recognized a home arrest, ale zoomed from Tushin to Kaluga, de anew, having brought to himself the impersonal prihilniks - Cossacks, Russians and a part of the Poles - and resurrected war already with two sovereigns: Tsar Vasil and King Sigismund. The Tushinsky camp was sporozhnіv, the king's henchmen went to Smolensk, and the impostor's henchmen went to Kaluga.

Vasil Shuisky ruled Prince D.I. against the Poles. Shuisky and foreign recruits on the basis of the Swedish commander Count J. Delagardie. On the 24th of Dmytro Shuisky's chervnya, the battle against the Polish hetman S. Zholkevskyi was broken in the village of Klushina near Mozhaisk. The reason for the shock was the strife of foreign hirelings, like Dmitro Shuisky, who did not want to pay the fee, being inspired by the daily pennies. Klushinsky's defeat was the fate of Vasyl Shuisky. On the 17th lime, Moscow began to be haunted. According to the chronicle, the Moscow "villains" rushed from the followers of the Kaluz impostor about those who stink in the presence of False Dmitry II: "and we all will stand in the sight of the Moscow Tsar Vasil," and all at once we will choose the king. Natovp zmovnikiv on the choli from Zakhariyem Lyapunov came at the palaces, and Lyapunov began to cry out to the tsar: “How long will the blood of the Christians shed for you? The earth has laid waste, nothing good can be done in your rule, take pity on our death, lay down the king’s club, and we’ll think about ourselves.”

Shuisky is not the first to know this. At the fierce 1609 p. Prince R. Gagarin, T. V. Gryazny, M. A. Molchanov and others also tried to “settle” yoga from the throne, the king’s husband viyshov їm nazustrich, and the rebels flowed in. But once again everything was different. The tsar gave Lyapunov a like and gathered for a lower. Zakhar - a tall and strong man - yelled at him: “Don’t chip me, otherwise I’ll take it in my hands, so I’ll doubt everything!” The guards hung around the palace, but not in order to enter. Behind the Moscow River, beating Serpukhiv’s brothers, they climbed up to the people, and then it was done to beat the tsar’s cholom, so that they would deprive the throne, because the blood of the Christian would flow through the new one. Shuisky's brother-in-law, Prince I. M. Vorotinsky, as a parliamentarian, he came from Shuysky to dethrone the throne, and be satisfied with the share that is being formed from Nizhny Novgorod.

The Muscovites rushed to the Tushintsy vimagati, and so they threw off False Dmitry II. Ale, you only laughed at them: “What do you remember the sovereign of a goddamn kiss, you planted the king of your kingdom, we are ready to die for yours.” Patriarch Hermogenes urged to hurry up and yearned for Tsar Vasilev to turn the throne, but the ghosts of the stabbed could not reconcile with the cym. On the 19th, the stench came over the door of Tsar Vasil and forcibly tonsured the great king and his squad, Tsaritsa Maria Petrivna, in Chentsi. Shuisky did not want to be tonsured and without saying a word to the world, how to lie down in the rite. Zmovnikiv tse zbentezhilo, zamіst tsar vymoviv words zrechennya Prince Vasil Tyufyakіn. Patriarch Hermogenes did not recognize his tonsure, but affirmed that Tyufyakin was a Chance, but did not call anyone with the thought of Vladyka. In Moscow, the Seven Boyars were established - the boyar rule. “So many boyars”, afraid of the present False Dmitry II, hurried to make an agreement with S. Zholkevsky about calling the Polish prince Vladislav to the Russian throne. Viysko Zholkevsky entered to Moscow, and the king of Vasil, his brothers, Dmitro and Ivan, moved to Poland.

Polish dzherela reportedly describes the royal audience, given to Shuisky near Warsaw on July 29, 1611. Following the farewell of Zholkevsky, who praised the king’s happiness and masculinity, Shuisky bowed low and kissed the king’s hand, and his brothers beat him with a chop to the ground.

However, Russian litopisi are rightfully described otherwise. Behind one of them, Tsar Vasil leaned towards the king, saying: “Do not deprive the Moscow tsar of bowing to the king; then from the Divine will of the ghosts I am full; it was taken not by your hands, but by the Moscow guardians, by their slaves it was given.

They told about the fullness of Tsar Vasil in distant Siberia and attributed to him not a powerful manhood and feat. Tsar Vasil, zgidno s Siberian lithographic crypts, saying to the king: "... The king himself bowed to me, the tsar of Moscow, I’m your head." The king became angry, sent Yogo to Poland, and there he died a martyr's death.

Tsar Vasil spent the rest of his life in the Polish colony and died in 1612. Above this grave, the Poles built a tomb, embellished with inscriptions that praise the triumph of the Commonwealth over Muscovy. The body of Vasil Shuisky was seen by the Russian ambassador - Prince A. M. Lvov - on the present day of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in 1635. The royal order ordered to give a ransom for the body of Tsar Vasil from a magnificent sum - up to 10,000 rubles, but the ambassadors were no longer able to settle down with wealthy Polish nobles, and on the right was zalagodzhena. On the 10th of a worm, I ran over the body of Shuisky, his brother Dmitri, and his brother Katerina’s squad, it was chiselled on the way to Moscow, in Dorogomilov. The Sovereign held the death of the Dormition Cathedral, and the next day the funeral was over.

Less than the youngest of the Shuiskys, the boyar Prince Ivan Ivanovich, turning alive from the Polish full (1620). At the Cathedral of Viborchoy, yogo іm'ya was named among the most possible candidates for the tsar, but all the time the candidacy of Prince Ivan Shuisky was not considered by the participants of the cathedral. Since the reign of Tsar Vasil Shuisky, who was accompanied by numerical hardships, there were no tsar's followers from this family. It’s true, already impostors appeared in Poland for Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich, they called themselves “princes” and the children of Vasil Shuisky - Semyon and Ivan. Offended boulevarded by the Moscow order - the first one was caught in Moldavia, the other after long-term mandrіvok opinated in Nіmechchina - and stracheno. Lyudina, as she adopted the name of Ivan Shuisky, - the late clerk Timofy Ankudinov - was superbly talented and illuminated for his hour. Under the hour of outrageous poneviryans of the wines, the kіlka mov, knowing astrology and astronomy, writing verses. However, it did not turn out yoga in the form of pain in the chest in 1653.

Prince Ivan Ivanovich Shuisky did not live to see the appearance of his prominent nephews. For Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich

cheruvav Volodymyr Judgment and died in 1638, without leaving offspring. Alejandro Shuisky did not stumble. Zgіdno with Polish genealogical docs, in Poland there was a family of princes Shuisky, Catholics, who looked like Prince Ivan Dmitrovich, who was born in 1566. vtіk from Russia to Lithuania. Possibly, tsey rіd trivaє y dosi.

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Princes Shuisky.

The princes of Shuisky occupied one of the first jobs at the Moscow court. A lot of representatives of this family were connected with Novgorod and Pskov. So, Prince Vasil Vasilyovich Shuisky on the honor of Grebinka, on the rank of the young brother of Vasil Kirdyap - Semyon Dmitrovich, serving at Novgorod and in command of the Novgorod military, who fought against the army of Vasil the Dark in 1456 under Old Rus (the battle ended in victory. Novgorod until 1477 , then transferred to the service until Ivan III. kovske viysko at campaigns against Lithuania and Swede. Near Pskov, he died in 1496 roci.

Yogo son Prince Vasil Vasilovich Shuisky was a prominent military and political figure of the ear of the 16th century. For its lack of richness, that strimanity of yoga was nicknamed Nimim. Vіn i pravdі not loving to let words into the wind, but vvazhiv for the best protection podії singsongly. To that, on the military field of wines, not knowing the big wins, but having gone down and the big blows. Vasil Vasilovich took the fate of the wars in Lithuania, having served in Novgorod, invading the krimtsiv, in 1506 he took the boyar rank, and in 1519 - the rank of the Volodymyr monk. And in 1521, after a desolate attack on Rus' by the Crimean Khan Mohammed-Girey Shuisky, he fell into disgrace. At the v'yaznitsa wines, having tasted a short time and already in 1523, having choked the "ship's army" (that's what it was, that was on the ships, that they poured the Volga) at the Kazan campaign. Todі vіn zbuduvav fortetsyu Vasilsursk. Vasil III, apparently, trusting the Optina Voivode, acknowledging him as one of his executors - members of his own guardian for the sake of the young son of the Grand Duke - the forthcoming Ivan the Terrible. Vasil the Nemoy killed his young brother, Prince Ivan, as guardian. But here Shuisky had a chance to shut up with the ambition of the mother of little Ivan Olenya Glinsky, as she did not want to share power with him. Just after the death of the Deer (її they were fired and, perhaps, not without the participation of the Shuisky brothers), Vasil Zumіv succumbed to all his political opponents and, in fact, became the rightful ruler of the camp. In Chervni 1538, he became friends with the daughter of the christened Tatar prince Peter Anastasia, as through his matir she was the niece of Vasil III, and later, the cousin of Ivan the Terrible. In this rank, Prince Shuisky became related to the grand duke's family and himself secured his high political status. And yet, in the fall of the same 1538 fate, the all-powerful ruler of Timchas died.

Vasil the Mute's brother Ivan, voivode, and also a Pskov and Smolensk monk, died in the spring of 1542. Vіn having left on his own unkindness the memory of little Ivan the Terrible: you don’t even look at us - not like a father, not like a guardian ... "

Tsikava share of Yogo Sin - Prince Peter (Guria) Ivanovich Shuisky. From the young years of vins in the military service. Under the hour of Ivan the Terrible's campaign against Kazan in 1552, the prince was one of the five sovereign voivods at the fort of Sviyazhsk, specially urged to facilitate the capture of the capital of the Tatar Khanate. In the past, Petro Ivanovich successfully fought at the Livonian war. At the beginning of the її period, if the Russian hero was lucky, Prince Shuisky changed his mind at the bush. In 1559, together with the voivode, Prince Ivan Fedorovich Mstislavsky, he took the place of Vilyan (the ninth of Viljand in Estonia), burying himself in the full order of the master. The prince was appointed for the capture of Derpt and Rakovor, and for the defense of Polotsk. Nezabarom Ivan the Terrible sent yoga to the glib of Lithuanian lands. Here, near the city of 1564, the fate of Orsha on the river Streets of the Viysk forces, which Shuisky commanded, raptly attacked the enemy. The Russian army was beaten, Petro Ivanovich himself, having used his horse in battle, and almost turned back. Pishki vin priyshov in one of the sudnih forces, but the inhabitants of the city entered the new Moscow voivode, plundered it and drowned it at the well. The body of the prince was then delivered by the Lithuanian military leader Prince Mykola Radziwill near Vilna, and with honors it was buried at the Catholic church in order from the grave of the squad of King Alexander - Deer, the daughter of Ivan III.

Son of Peter Ivanovich - Prince Ivan Petrovich Shuisky immortalized his heroic defense of Pskov in the battle of Stefan Batory in 1581 - 1582, during the thir hour of the Livonian war, only at the final stage. Ale and earlier viyavlyav great military leader zdіbnosti. Zokrem, in 1571 Ivan Petrovich served in the outskirts of Russia and ahead of Moscow about the attack of the Crimean Khan Devlet-Girey. And the advancing fate itself on the yogo guard regiment, falling down the hard blow of the Tatar cinema at the essence of the Senchiny ford of the Oka river. Shuisky forcibly defeated the krimtsiv at the entrance, but could not resist the main forces of the khan, who went ahead, but stepped in. Nezabar vin fought with the ranks at Molody under the ceremonial work of Mikhail Ivanovich Vorotinsky.

On the victory of Shuisky, Ivan the Terrible had gained respect, sending the voivode to the Livonian theater of military affairs. The prince became another monastic near Pskov, and in this settlement gained immortal glory for himself, for five months he defended Pskov from the Viysk of the Commonwealth and defeated 31 attacks of the enemy. One of the heroic sides of this marvelous epic was depicted by the great Karl Bryullov on his wonderful canvas "The Pskov Oblog". Shuisky and Pskov, who fought under yoga kerivnitstv, effectively vryatuly honor of Russia. The very masculinity of defending the old Russian fortified fortified the Poles at the peace talks, which ended with the laying of the Yam-Zapolsky truce for 10 years. That's right, the end of the Livonian war.

Shortly before his death, Ivan the Terrible recognized Ivan Petrovich as the guardian of his son Fyodor Ivanovich, who ascended the throne in 1584. Here Ivan Petrovich had a chance to shut himself up from the brother-in-law of the new Tsar Boris Godunov, not scurrying about in order to put his competitors on the path to power. Together with Metropolitan Dionysius, the prince, having asked Fyodor, to rozirvat a free hat from Godunov’s sister Irina, which meant the fall of Boris himself. Ale Godunov ahead of the blow. In 1586, Ivan Petrovich was hung from the capital to the deaf Volga city of Kineshma, and two years later they were transported to the Kirilo-Bilozersk monastery. There, on the 16th leaf fall of 1588, the fate of the celebrated hero was poisoned with fumes near the monastic cell. Thus ended the life of one of the most important military commanders in the Russian middle class.

Tragic kіnets chekav і on rich princes Shuisky z іnshoy, eldest gіlki tsgo genus. The triple brothers of Prince Vasil the Mute - Ivan Mikhailovich Pleten and Andriy Mikhailovich Chastokil (newly close for the honor of being called in the same homeland) were dragged into disgrace for Vasil III. Anew to rise to him far away to the camp of his honorable kinsman. Ivan did not get involved in political intrigues, occupying himself with the military right. A lot of campaigns of wines made a great regiment - the central part of the Russian army. After his crowning the kingdom in 1547, Ivan the Terrible gave the prince the high rank of a butler (essentially, cherubed by the Tsar's court). Ale Shuisky was burdened by his life. The old voivode died in 1559.

And the axis of yoga, brother Andriy, now, more burdens to court life. Vіn tezh having been in disgrace, then near Pskov in the voivodeship, he managed to prove himself such a shameless nabuvach that they called him to Moscow without a hitch. Here Andriy, having tried to break through to the first month at court, was bad luck. The payment for being close to power was his motor death. The drive was the beating of Ivan the Terrible's lover Shuisky - Fyodor Vorontsov. In 1543, the 13-year-old Ivan, for the order of the enemies of the Shuisky clan, having punished his kennels for “outrage and arbitrariness”, drove Prince Andriy to the chest in 1543. That is true, the first mortal virok of the future king.

Such a death of Andriy Shuisky was impossible to recognize the life of Yogo Sim'ї. Sin Andriy Ivan, like a child, had a chance to fly from Moscow. Yogo vryatuvav virny vyhovatel - "uncle". Behind the family legends, in the wake of the young prince on Byloozero, the stench lived through the rock. They were proud of the simple village practice. Later on, I will forgive Tsar Ivan in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, the faithful servant of the Shuiskys, throwing himself at the feet of the sovereign and begging for forgiveness for his pedant. So Prince Ivan Andriyovich turned to the court. Vin became a militant voivode, having reached the boyar rank, commanding regiments under the hour of the Livonian war and dying at 1573 under the walls of Revel (nine Tallinn).

Ivan Andriyovich maw kіlka syniv. The eldest, Andriy, was called to the vyaznitsa for the order of Boris Godunov in 1589. The other one is Vasil in 1606, becoming the Russian Tsar Vasil Ioannovich (he was thrown off in 1610), thus remaining Rurikovich on the Moscow throne. Yogo's brother Dmitro - a new commander - having won the battle for the Poles in the village of Klushino near Mozhaisk, he himself led the way to Moscow. If Vasil was thrown off, he was seen at once from Dmitri and his youngest brother Ivan to the Poles. The Shuiskys were brought to Warsaw, and the stinkers, like living trophies, took part in the triumph, won by King Sigismund III and the Polish hetman Stanislav Zholkiewski on the occasion of the 1611 anniversary. At the front hall of the king's palace, the great Russian tsar happened to live on earth to the ruler of the Commonwealth. Russia did not know such humiliation either before or after the Time of Troubles. Then the brothers were sent to the Gostinsky castle, de Vasil and Dmitro died, as if they were showing a "necessary death." Ivan, who wore a prized Button, turned to Russia, if the war had ended and the exchange had ended. Tsar Mikhailo Fedorovich Romanov, having graciously accepted his future power, even Ivan befriended Princess Martha Volodimirivna Dolgorukova (її sister Maria - the first squad of Tsar Mikhail).

Before the speech, Dmitro Ivanovich became friends with Katerina Grigorivna Skuratova-Belskaya, the daughter of the oprichny kata Malyuta Skuratov and the sister of Boris Godunov’s squad, and Tsar Vasil became friends with the two: with Princess Olena Mikhailovna Repnina and suddenly, in 1608 roci, - with Prince Buynosova-Rostovskaya. And Prince Petro Urusov became friends with the widow of Andriy, the eldest of the Shuisky brothers, who, for example, in 1610 drove in False Dmitry II.

At the rank of boyar Ivan - the last of the Shuisky brothers - for Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, cast a cherub with the Moscow judicial order. Vin died in 1638, and with him a number of princes Shuisky in Russia. And in the Commonwealth vin, maybe, still continuing, oskolki there lived the bastards of one of the Shuisky princes (Ivan Dmitrovich Gubka), a kind of duck to Lithuania for Ivan the Terrible.

From the book Course of Russian history (Lectures I-XXXII) author Klyuchevsky Vasil Osipovich

Princes I. The first of these butovykh zv'yazkіv є slavnі vinuvattsі political fragmentation of Russia, the princes themselves, to be more precise kazhuchi, vrazhennya, as if they celebrated the stench on the Russian land with their Volodarsky waters. One more order volodinnya, hooting directly or

From the book of Vignannia of kings author Nosivskiy Glib Volodymyrovich

3.8. Princes of Cherkasy Today the history of the war with Razinim has been created and obscured. Practically did not lose documents on the different side. Ale navit those who have grown, allow you to look at the rough contours of the true picture of that hour. Let's add just one quote,

author

Princes Bilivsky. Rіd princes Bєlevskih (Misto Bєlіv on the river Oka) pripinivsya in the middle of the XVI century. The remaining representative of this family, Prince Ivan Ivanovich Belevskiy, was sent in 1558 by order of Ivan the Terrible to Vologda, and he died. The patrimonies of the princes of Belevskiy were transferred to