Standards and rules for construction and installation work. Types of construction and installation work What to enter to the warehouse of construction and installation work

Construction and installation work includes the construction of new and reconstruction of old structures and spores, as well as the installation of all types of equipment, which constitutes approximately 50-60% of capital investments for industrial workers and 80-85% for residents o-civilian (the varity of civil-assembly robots does not enter vartіst obladnannya).

Construction and installation work is divided into construction work, installation work and special work. Zagalnobudіvelni include robots from zero cycle, above-ground, constructive and industrial. Installation work consists of the installation of permanent structures, technological and other equipment. Special robots handle plumbing, heating, sewerage, electrical lighting and other communications.

During the production of construction and installation work, the work is carried out with a technical work project, work chairs, and work organization projects.

(POS) and written work (PPR), by-laws and regulations (SNiP), technological maps of this type of work and labor processes.

It is important to note that construction and installation work consists of basic, auxiliary and transport ones. The main tasks include the coating of foundations, masonry of walls, installation of coatings, assemblies and other structures; Before the additional ones, the fastening of walls and trenches is carried out during the excavation of earthworks in great depths; or parts during installation. Transport robots include robots that move materials, structures and parts from the on-site warehouse to the existing or work place that will be.

Earthen robots are concerned with the method of preparing the foundations for development, the creation of engineering spores from soil (excretion or pouring) or the removal of earthen masses. The stench arises from the breaking up of the soil, moving it from the installed place, razvnyuvannya, strengthening and other robots.

Earth robots vibrate mechanically, drilling and hydraulically, as well as manually, especially in highly accessible places.

The main excavation work is completed mechanically with the help of excavators, scrapers, bulldozers, graders and other earth-moving machines.

Stone work is connected to the work connected with the construction of natural and piece stone.

The materials used for making stone work must meet the highest standards and the project, and the whole blocks must serve the working chairs and technical minds. Domestic bags are to be victorious until they are dumped, in which case it is not allowed to drain or add water to the dumping bags. Mixtures that dissolve during transport should be mixed until dry.

To change the level of the working place of the molar, it is necessary to vikoristovaya rishtovaniya and foxes, which are responsible for the inventory. This type of installation scheme is specified in the Vikonannya Robot project.

Installation of concrete and reinforced concrete structures in everyday life, as a rule, is carried out using flow methods due to the stagnation of complex mechanization of transport vantage-removal and installation robots.

When installing prefabricated structures, it is necessary to follow the installation sequence to ensure the stability and geometrical integrity of the assembled part of the frame at all stages of installation and the integrity of the installation connections; install the structures of the skin section (block, sections on top) as a complete set, which allows you to carry out footwork on the mounted sections; Follow the safety rules.

Elements of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures are delivered to the building with the maximum level of readiness under residual finishing. The order of delivery of the elements of prefabricated structures to the building site may be consistent with the results of the project in order to ensure proper installation sequence.

Installation structures made of concrete or reinforced concrete are cured when the construction materials or concrete are assembled and are prepared directly on site. These works are divided into formwork and concrete, and from the production of reinforced concrete – into formwork, reinforcement and concrete.

Before the formwork work, the work begins with the preparation and installation of formwork, which is a form for the production of concrete and reinforced concrete structures and structures. The material for the preparation of formwork can be wood, metal, reinforced concrete, etc.

Reinforcement for the construction of reinforced concrete structures, which consists of welded or knitted steel rods, rolled profiles and cores, is placed in the formwork, and then filled with concrete.

Materials and materials that stagnate during the construction of concrete and reinforced concrete robots are responsible for the benefits of guests and technical minds.

Wooden structures, as a rule, are produced at specialized woodworking enterprises using a mechanized method, and at industrial

It is impossible to install them in objects. The range of timber materials for wooden structures and insects can be used by the project and technical minds.

Covering robots are designed in exact conformity with the working chairs, including the specified design, fittings, fittings, type and brand of covering materials.

To wet the roof, use asbestos-cement sheets, flat tiles, tiles, roofing strips, various rolled materials (roofing felt, roofing felt, hydroisol, parchment, etc.), mastics (gym, bitumen i, bitumen-hum etc.).

The materials that are used for coating work must comply with the needs of current guests and technical minds in their preparation and are accompanied by passports to the manufacturing plant.

Construction work consists of plastering, tiling, painting, stucco, trellis, glass, as well as installations and underlays for parquet, linoleum and tiles. Their purpose is to give the project a finished look, which is indicative of the goals established by the project.

There are external (façade) and internal cleaning robots, among them there are many in which there is a fundamental assessment of the equipment that is being put into operation.

Obligations of household work during daily life, living and cultural life become up to 60% of extraneous labor and expenditure.

The following preparations are required for the production of necessary equipment: the area is completely sealed, the installation work is completed, the electrical wiring is installed, the openings, grooves, and furrows are walled up.

The rest of the time, having significantly increased, he will apply to all types of daily activities. The reason for this is the constant need for change. Some create a new life, others create a unique design. Construction and installation work, as reported by the statistics, includes a large complex of approaches. We'll talk about them today.

Vidi works

First of all, daily installation work is divided into activities related to everyday life and special manipulations. Foreign processes include the following types:

• earthlings;
• concrete or reinforced concrete;
• kam'yana;
• obnoxious;
• carpentry;
• covering

Before special visits please note the following:

The obligation of daily work must be strictly in line with the results. The more global the everyday life, the more we will serve.

Due to the fact that many processes are carried out by machines, they are divided into:

• completely mechanized robots,
• partly mechanized,
• working by hand.

The types of everyday work may vary depending on the complexity of their design. The ones that are most respected are those that can be created by one person or a small group of workers. In this case, the processes are logically linked to each other due to the specifics of Vikonanny. These robots are highly valued because they involve a large number of people and also require a variety of everyday life equipment. The consequences are eliminated if the complex of simple manipulations ends in this way.

Budіvnitstvo budinku

If you are planning to run an alarm system, you will have to master all types of alarm activities. This is being done in stages.

• First of all, this is where it all begins - this earthly process, during which the foundation is being built, the walls are being built, and the basement is being built.
• Another stage of everyday life is the work above the ground, and itself: the installation of the structure, the laying of walls from the selected material, the construction of openings, the manipulation of wood and wood.
• The third and final stage is the improvement of the booth. At the same time, you carry out work on the wiring and all electrical equipment in the room.

Major repairs

Repair and maintenance work is divided into two categories: capital and fine. What is at stake under these concepts? About the need for a major overhaul, we were told first by our current appearance. These are not just abrasions and other problems. As a rule, there is a global collapse, collapses and strong fractures.

Works that require major repairs:

• renovation of the constructed parts of the building, cabins, apartments;
• global replacement of basic structures;
• strengthening of elements that have become unusable.

In-line repair

Continuous repairs also include repair and maintenance work, but in general such processes are much smaller and consume a small amount of surface area. Moreover, such deals are cheaper. Prices for daily work entirely depend on the complexity and complexity of the completed process.

The need to carry out continuous repairs appears more often than the need for capital work. People's need to live in comfortable minds is evident to them when the time has come for renovation.

Types of routine work that need to be carried out before in-line repair:

• frequent replacement of substructure elements, walls, floors and other places;
• correction of walls;
• door repair;
• changing trellises, parquet, linoleum;
• making walls, underlays, steles;
• robots for eliminating gaps, cracks, leaks.

Bud materials

There is a lot of skill in everyday work that lies within the qualifications of a master. However, the choice of material determines the final result, both the beauty and reliability of the product. In the current market for consumer goods, there is no shortage of different types of companies to demonstrate their services. When it comes to decals, it is important to choose a material that is self-explanatory, for the sake of the fawners. The best way is to choose work without any compromise. This way you can submit a claim after the process is completed. Otherwise, earning money will be important.

Let's take a look at the selection of materials for everyday life. For example, if you built a wooden booth, then before your services:

Leather made from materials has its advantages and disadvantages. And I choose to work with someone who knows all the peculiarities of the process and the nature of everyday life. And such varieties are intended to be accessible to those who build stone booths.

• ceramic;
• silicate;
• facial;
• façade;
• bakery

Even behind the name it is obvious why the purpose is divided, but there are still nuances in terms of the selection and the taste. It turns out that the same material from different producers is fundamentally at odds with each other. Be respectful when choosing such viruses, and this is half the success of your life.

Izdoblennya

Life-giving robots are the creation of a kind of “soul” of placement. It is at this stage that it gains its residual appearance. In some situations, the entire work, including the processing of the location, is completed by the same contractor, otherwise there is a need to know another contractor. During processing, the coatings for the lining are manipulated, trellises are glued, walls are made, and stone and wood are worked. Vicor and ash material guarantee a unique type of vein. Besides, you need to think about your importance and security.

Design

Describing the types of everyday activities, we sooner or later approach the design of the premises. This is a special science, accessible to many people. The presence of finances and food also means the presence of relish. Therefore, when choosing the design of the location, it is recommended to turn it around to the extent that it does not produce a good result. A professional will carefully analyze all the features of your location and develop the option that will suit you best.

There are a lot of designer secrets. One of them is the process of selecting color schemes. Shades are of great importance in design. The stench is demonstrated by the shortcomings. Butt axis:

• At home, which is usually found in the sun, it is better to choose cold tones: blue, blue-green, blue-violet;
• From the bottom side it is better to give preference to warm tones: red, yellow, orange;
• white, gray, black colors are respected by neutrals, so they can be victorious in any case;
• It is important to show off the color – the colors that go together with each other, otherwise the room looks empty;
• When combining colors, you can achieve two directions: contrast and nuance. The first is suitable for the kitchen, living room, rest room, and the other, calmer, is suitable for the bedroom, children's room.

Moreover, what kind of room design you choose will depend on the mood of the people who will live there. This has been brought up by others.

Style

When discussing everyday life, it is impossible to discuss such a topic as the style of everyday life. Even if a person decides to build a booth, first, what he reveals is how visible his life is. What are the wider styles of Budynka?

There is a lot of style that lies in the financial capabilities of the deputy.

Roztsinki

Prices for daily work vary depending on the length of the contractor and the complexity of the process. The leather company has a price list with prices. First, complete the agreement, familiarize yourself with all the documents and clarify the details. It is important to understand the reasons why prices for these types of jobs may increase. Best of all, since the fullness of all orders will be fulfilled from the very beginning. So, at the end of the day, we don’t expect an unpleasant surprise.

And stick with reputable companies. Nowadays there are even a lot of shahrays and simply unskilled workers. The ideal option would be if you are looking for a recommendation.

Standards and rules establish underground conditions for organizing the daily production of new ones, as well as the expansion and reconstruction of existing facilities. These standards must be strictly adhered to by the participants in the activities of the objects

If we are talking about everyday life, reconstruction or repair of any everyday objects, we are now talking about a whole complex of approaches. The production procedure is regulated by rules, regulations and measures that will lead to the desired result in a product that looks healthy, reliable and aesthetic. What are construction and installation robots? Stink is an integral part of everyday life, and you cannot do without it when carrying out major repairs to premises, as well as during the process of installing new buildings.

The significance of construction and installation work is even more broadly understood. It refers to an operational process that includes variously related activities that are subject to one another based on a variety of criteria. The differences may be in terms of execution, the essence of the process, methods and algorithms of daily or installation operations. The importance of construction and installation work (BMR) lies in the totality of activities aimed at construction, reconstruction and repair of disputes and other objects. As a rule, it is important for one company to close the entire operational cycle of entries. The scale of it is colossal, and it is often impossible to search through all the installations. There are a number of companies on the market today: some handle the entire operational process, others handle installation and maintenance work. The choice of a professional with a high degree of specialization is the essence of the profession. Often, in order to save money, a lot of private household objects are finished with your own hands. In order to achieve the desired result, it is important to understand the operational process, its sequence, and take into account the care and rules of the routine and installation operations.

Today there are three main directions:

1. Zagalnobudіvelnaya galuz.
2. The sphere of transport and mechanical and mechanical robots.
3. Specialized type of robot.

Kozhen iz the main directives regulate the rules of production, safety standards during the production, technological maps, rules of BNiP, national standards, rules of rozrakhunki ЄНІР.

The essence of behind-the-scenes visits

The category of late-night visits is the largest. This concept works to eliminate a number of important stages, such as everyday life of any significance. The entire operational process, from A to Z, seems to comply with standards and rules. The flow of richly profiled entries looks like this:

1. A set of geodetic processes that take place on budmaydans:

• control of geodetic parameters, layouts, characteristics;
• Vikonannya geodetic survey.

1. Preparatory steps to transfer:

• cleaning up the territory, preparing for the start of everyday processes;
• at times, I will dismantle the construction;
• raising the time-consuming disputes to the finalization of the main complex of daily calls.

1. Earthling robots. The flow of such calls is conveyed by the viconn:

• fabrication of scaffolds, finishing of vertical planing;
• excavation of trenches and digging of pits under the zabudov;
• work with soil, its strengthening, finishing of the “cushion of soil”;
• the production of earthen soils in non-standard minds (when sifting heaving soil).

Important! Earthly robots transfer the production of a whole range of inputs, including professionals. Due to the conduct of such work, there must be an operational term, its reliability, regardless of the functional significance.

Between the preparatory complex and the post-life activities, there are also processes to complete the main stages of everyday life:

1. Stone robots are a special type of approach that represents a combination of work from the installation, the marking of walls, supports and stops. The stone work also includes the laying of the goalposts and the decorative finishing of the facades. Everything can be done with your own hands, but you need to know the rules, principles and technologies of production. Having gained knowledge and adhered to all the rules, you can defeat the robot with your own hands, truly protecting, but without losing the bitterness of the dispute.
2. The casting of concrete and reinforced concrete works includes:

• complex of reinforcement and formwork robots;
• welding and installation operations;
• lining of monolithic structures.

1. Painting robots. This type of entry is carried to the installation work. It ultimately serves as a buffer against heat loss and the influx of atmospheric fallout. At the same time, the level of comfort and safety of living in a hut is laid down. Before the subgroup of roofing approaches:

• installation of roofing from any materials (roll, piece, metal and sheet);
• coating of the coating pie (parota hydrozahist sporud);
• welding and installation robots for the assembly of frames;
• installation of windows of any type (including attic ones);
• cleaning the drain.

1. Healthy robots. This type of operation can be used as a newbie in the future, to know the rules and control the skin at the skin stage. Prior to health care work:

• a complex of façade entrances (decorative and dry cladding of building façades for any purpose);
• welding and assembly fabrication of frames of internal partitions from metal, laying of frames, plasterboard;
• painting and plastering complex, fabrication of slabs - straightening on decorative elements, dry lining, slabs of sporids.

1. Complex of isolation robots. Its essence lies in the creation of maximum comfort in the middle, reducing to a minimum the current negative influx of dowkill, strengthening the power of values ​​and practicality. Here you can also add insulation using other bituminous materials, protective coatings, slabs or adhesive materials.

The flow of late-life robots, close-up, includes low-current robots. The noise is the installation of cables and wires, the voltage of which does not exceed 25 volts. The complex is necessary for telephone installation, organization of fire safety systems, installation of alarm systems and security systems of any type.

Directly behind-the-scenes work

To understand that such life-giving robots are, it is necessary to know the essence of life. Its very activity should be called one of the oldest and newest spheres. Without a doubt, innovation and technological progress are moving forward, the development of new materials has been improved, and effective developments and innovative solutions are emerging. Such development allows for reliable and long-lasting everyday life, and the aesthetics of the skin’s completed object is miraculous. There are two main aspects of everyday life: capital and non-capital. To the first type there are mustaches and spores that represent the category of hearing loss. This means that the skin is tied to the earth to help lay the foundation. There are a number of types of capital services objects:

• All types of buildings are equipped with underground structures (plinths, foundations), as well as above-ground parts. Before a system of this type there are engineering measures, organization of water supply and sewerage systems, and ventilation systems. The most fundamentally functional category is the living and living activity of people.
• All types of spores that are flat systems and load-bearing structures with above-ground and underground parts. Such objects are intended for the movement of people and goods, the development of any industrial processes, and the preservation of products. Applications for this type of spores include rowing, bridge structures, and all types of roads (highways, highways).
• All objects are representatives of the category of unfinished everyday life. They are reported to be, for a number of reasons, permission to operate is not granted or their operation is suspended. Docks of the operational process are not completed, without proper control and permission to operate, and are sometimes called typical objects of work in progress.

All disputes of a temporary nature are brought before the objects - representatives of the non-capital category of everyday life. These are trade kiosks, objects of government-domestic significance (sheds, komori, komori), pavilions and hangars with a dismountable design.

Types of objects and their classification

The assignments of these objects can be different and combine different functions. These can be production objects, living spores, spores for agricultural needs. It is obvious that, up to the functional purpose, life is divided into a number of types:

1. The sphere of civil life. This will be any kind of surface for living and large-scale commercial activities (administrative, trade, municipal and offices).
2. The sphere of industrial life. This category includes all work from the establishment of workshops, factories and factories, any kind of production areas, combines.
3. The sphere of rural life is the production of spores for animal farms or agriculture. Here we can include the everyday life of veterinary clinics, greenhouse rule, and agrotechnical disputes.
4. Transport life. This category includes the construction of bridges, tunnels, and highways.
5. Hydraulic engineering work. The sphere pumps water reservoirs, dams and canals.
6. Military sphere. It conveys the reality of any future objects of military and defense significance.

Important! All types of construction and installation approaches are regulated by the norms and rules of SNiP, GOST, as well as ENIR standards.

The future object is its own final product. All expenses spent on this production may be strictly uninsurable. For which the ENIP system is necessary, as a complex of price adjustments and cost standardization. Budgeting a project without knowledge of ENIR standards is impossible. It is our responsibility to cover all stages: the design of the building, the establishment of contracts for the construction of work, expenses for the purchase of hardware, payment of work to workers.

Important to control

In order for the product to comply with all technical standards and meet the highest safety class, necessary control is required. It is important to note that, in its essence, there is a complex of verification steps. The main goal is not to punish or impose fines, but to ensure the recruitment of all technical minds for the project. Technical control consists of the following stages:

1. Financial re-verification Control and adjustment of methods is established, thereby reducing financial expenses and risks to a minimum. Assessment and control take place at all stages of everyday life. This mechanism is especially important if the money of third-party investors is used to collect money.
2. Checking the type of terms used in Wikonian. At the cutaneous stage, one can see the act of finishing work, which is consistent with the observation of the remaining bones.
3. Control over the use of material materials. Virulation and life technologies rely on a variety of clear materials from a set of obligatory authorities.

Important! Technical control is regulated by standards and documentation. The main important things are clearly visible: BNiP rules, ENiP standards, conformity with the established GOST standards.

In addition to monitoring the quality of the work, technical insight allows you to resolve the following problems:

• Ahead of the unaccounted for increase in costs for construction and installation work and reveal the inconsistency of costs for the required cost.
• Controls the maintenance of logs and technical documentation. The surgical process and the technology used are confirmed by the act. The clarity of these data allows us to quickly identify differences in compliance with SNiP standards and the rules for the development of EniR.
• There is evidence of damage to the construction process, changes in the parameters, and inconsistency with the design.
• The increasing number of problems with soil shrinkage, the appearance of cracks, deformations and other problems due to the breakdown of technical minds.

Who is watching? These people are professionally trained and provide valuable positive evidence. The controller of construction and installation work can be design engineers and specialists from underground construction work. Their main duties include monitoring advanced process technologies, carrying out intermediate work, and participating in engineering revisions. As a result of the control, a verification act is signed, which indicates inaccuracies and terms that may be removed. During the process of monitoring the BIS, a log of technical observations is kept, which is an invisible part of the daily process. After the end of the daily routine, an act of final work is created.

The author's overview of how to control the BIS

In addition to technical insight, one of the additional important aspects of optimizing alertness generation and monitoring performance at all stages is author’s insight. The sphere of everyday life is even specific; it has rules that are difficult to follow. This guarantees the success of everyday life by creating an object that is consistent with the establishment of terms.

• Control may be exercised by ceremonies, legal entities and individuals on the basis of a signed contract of marriage.
• It includes a low function to carry out intermediate checks to control the viscosity and detect defects in the wake-up technology.
• There is a focus on focusing on all aspects of safety and compliance with safety standards in the general public.
• Kerivnitstvo can make proposals for reducing the damage and optimizing the carrying out of construction and installation work at the site.

The contract may also include any clauses that are established on an individual basis, depending on the functional and operational direction of the project.

Actuation works in the wake-up process

The finished project is a completed complex. In order to comply with the requirements of SNIP, SNIP and other regulatory standards, an act is issued. It is also necessary to prepare an act of employment. What's this? The robots are “captured” behind advancing structures and already completed approaches. Compliance with the standards of cleanliness is confirmed by the act of storage in accordance with all the rules. The work involved includes laying the foundation, earthworks, and fastening the walls to the structure. Skin elasticity from the names of the applied work, compliance with SNiP standards and other standards is confirmed by the act.

Please! For the skin object, the transfer of the installation and construction work is prepared at the design stage. Such an act is rarely completed at the stage of finalization of the project.

Close control is provided by the skin stage, due to the fact that simple repairs to the apartment are carried out (priming, finishing, insulation, installation of communications and much more). An act, or a form, that confirms the operational process may become a special document that is regulated by BNiP standards.

Important!Maintains comprehensive technical documentation – obligatory procedure.

The act of conducting the registration of everyday work is insured by the sixth section of the official journal of the work. The act is strictly in accordance with the established form, is prepared by two executors and is signed by representatives of the judicial commission. The act of retaliating with such information:

1. A new transition of all products with attention to skin control.
2. All information about the project documentation, which confirms the entire operational process. The section can contain chairs, diagrams, explanatory notes.
3. Recording before the act of the results of vibrations, destructuring, which confirms the level of vigor of the victorious robots.
4. List of upgrades to indicate compliance with SNIP, ENIR and other regulations.

Today you can find a standard act that confirms any operational process, and maintenance until it is complete, not in stock. Expressions are on specialized news sites.

Safety technology at its best

As they say in the song of the same name, installers and workers from above send us greetings! In fact, the work and welding and installation work is at its best – the work is extremely unsafe, requiring a number of safety rules. It is categorically not recommended for newcomers to undertake such high-level work without adequate training and knowledge.

Important! It is necessary to know the specifics of the work, undergo training and learn proper procedures before organizing safety at the highest level.

For the special comfort of workers at the facility, the equipment of the maidan will require the provision of sanitary and hygienic facilities, washrooms and toilets, and specialized food service points. On the territory of the future object, it is necessary to place instructions, fences and chewing signs. How do you approach the working hours and welding and installation work at height?

1. It is possible to ascend or descend at an altitude of over five meters vertically, with a height of no more than 75 degrees.
2. All daily welding and installation work is associated with the risk of falling from a height of 1.8 meters or more. This includes all welding and installation robots that work on machines or mechanisms that act as objects or structures above the water surface.
3. Whether the activity on the Maidans, the height of which is no less than 1.8 meters, is located close to two meters before the unfenced drop, and the height of the fence is less than one meter.

Before transferring the main ones, it is possible to improve safety equipment at altitude to include the following points:

• permission to work is given to individuals who have reached 18 years of age;
• Before the appointment of welding and installation workers, the fakhіvets are required to undergo a mandatory medical examination;
• are required until the qualification of a specialist and his professional training before entering high-altitude work.
• The frequency of training in sports training may become at least once every three days (professional training and practical activities are obligatory).

Important! Before carrying out high-rise welding and installation work, a planned inspection of the Maidan and its preparation are required.

To date for admission to work, the possible reasons will be explained in advance: falls from height, strength of fastening, tendinity, slimy or slippery surface, poor construction. It is necessary to take care of climatic conditions when carrying out high-altitude approaches; there is a supply of tools necessary at altitude and routes for their delivery to the mountain. Basic rules of safety at height:

• All doctors who have been denied permission must be equipped with special safety belts. On the skin there is a notice about testing, permission to work with a belt, which does not have a safety tag, barriers.
• High-rise welding and installation work is carried out only during the daytime. Since the regulations require late entry, access to work will require the installation of clear lighting on the platform.
• Permission to work in the winter period involves periodic cleaning of the surface from ice and snow.
• Kerivnitstvo does not allow access to work if the wind strength is 6 points or more. During thunderstorms, snowfall and fog, the BIS at altitude is also fenced off.
• All flooring, passages, fences, and stages are installed by the fakhivtsy in accordance with the regulations of the interior design. Move and re-arrange them, they are fenced.
• When moving the sparrow upward or downward, it is blocked by trimming in the hands of the tool or equipment. It is lifted on a series of ropes.

Important! In addition to the direct danger of a worker falling from height, there is a risk of injury to people below. To make this unique, signs and barriers are installed in front of the maidan along the perimeter of the square.

The admission of third-party persons to the building is prohibited; Workers are not allowed to use pneumatic tools for high-altitude work, to independently build up the vantage without further development, or to carry out work on squares without fences or faulty structures. Advanced safety techniques during the production process at altitude are a guarantee of the particular health of the worker, as well as those who are located below the site. The responsibility for safety lies with the care provider. The monitoring of construction and installation approaches is the most important and important part of the development of the entire construction process. Only competent planning, put together by the Kostoris in accordance with the INIR data, the selection of professional accountants and the optimal organization of BIS production in the aggregate will help achieve the desired result.

Safety equipment for everyday life.

Construction-assembly robots - this is the secret name of all the robots that are installed when they are started or immediately at the place of work. Works are usually called laborious or assembly work, depending on the process involved.

Assembly robots are called robots that work with finished parts, such as, for example, installation of reinforced concrete structures, elevators, etc.

Everyday work can be divided into utility work, special work, transport work and vantage work.

Emergency robots- all the work associated with the construction of everyday structures will be of great importance and resemble the appearance of recycled materials on earthen, stone, concrete, etc., behind the structural elements that are being built - on the roof , plastering and etc.

Earthling robots - This includes work from digging pits and trenches for foundations, under support frames, for underground communications, transportation (removal, relocation, vivantage) and soil fluffing, planning of soil deposits, gate filling and filling of water, hardened ground.

Payovi robots- this work involves hammering or tightening the fingers, washing the finger foundations.

Kamyan robots- this work on the construction of stone structures (walls, piers, stops) from piece stones and blocks, rubble and rubble concrete masonry, masonry from formed natural stone of regular shape, purpose, piece stone and large blocks.

Concrete and concrete robots- all work related to the construction of concrete and reinforced concrete structures: preparation of concrete mix, transportation and placement of it with reinforcements into formwork; the creation of minds, the necessary hardening of concrete; monolithation of sections and sticks between prefabricated elements and so on. When erecting reinforced concrete monolithic structures, the same formwork robots- this formwork attachment fittings- The installation of reinforcement cages in the formwork.

Installation of the structure- this complex operates from delivery to the work site, installation, alignment and fastening of finished parts and elements (steel, concrete, reinforced concrete, wood, asbestos-cement, etc.)

Tesla and carpentry robots- this includes the delivery to the work place and the installation of ready-made wooden parts (stones, windows, doors), as well as the laying of boards and parquet flooring.

Painting robots- these are the robots that are installed when washing the coatings of burning and non-burning waters. In one type, the coating is made from steel and asbestos-cement sheets, in the other, rolled materials (tar paper, parchment, roofing felt) are glued onto the prepared base.

Okremi robots- this is plastering, tiling, fretting, pasting with trellises and surroundings. Plastering robots, as a rule, work with mechanized feeding and cutting, and for small jobs they work manually. Facing robots are finished after the completion of stone work from curing large-sized slabs and small-sized tiles, as well as facing sheet materials. The work on the fabricated structure and the taping of trellises is brought to the painter's shop. The consumer warehouse also includes robots covered with linoleum, plastic, etc.

Special robots - These are robots associated with special types of materials and methods of production, which will result in the formation of structures and sporadic materials. For example, the varnishing of mine shafts, the lining or lining of technological units and equipment with acid-extracting or fire-extinguishing masonry, the application of anti-corrosion coatings to structures, as well as the varnishing of power, lighting, telephone and etc. construction, installation of sanitary systems and fittings, elevators.

Transport and cleaning robots- These works include the delivery to everyday life and work places of materials, structures and parts, equipment, equipment and tools.

→ Living robots

Organization of construction and installation work

Warehouse for construction and installation work. The organization of future construction and assembly production during the production process using industrial methods consists of the organization of work: preparatory work, zero cycle work, and assembly work.

Preparatory work will be completed by the future and installation organizations.

Before the preparatory work, which is completed by the future organization (general contractor), the following must be planned: planning the installation platform; controversies of local roads; budova of warehouses and folding maidans; setting up time alarms necessary for carrying out installation work; supply, for example, electricity, compressed wind to the place of living; geodetic robots; fencing of the assembly square; installation of building structures on the mounting platform; delivery and installation of mechanisms for zero-cycle work (if they are confirmed by the necessary organization).

Installation organizations carry out the following preparation work: delivery, installation, registration with the State Technical Supervisory Authority, testing of suitable installation mechanisms; preparation and delivery to the site of the work of the necessary equipment, tools, inventory devices, auxiliary materials and control of auxiliary devices necessary for carrying out the installation work.

All preparation work will be completed before the start of the assembly work schedule established by the schedule.

Installation robots perform the following zero-cycle tasks: excavation of foundation pits and trenches; Budovu foundations; laying internal underground communications; the gates of the sinuses of the pits and trenches; planning the Maidan; budova paths for mounting mechanisms; concrete preparation under pretext; Vlastuvannya pavement nakolo zvedeniya budіvlі or sporudi.

The work of the zero cycle is completed by the development organization, the general contractor.

Installation robots - installation of all structures from the construction site, including installation robots. These robots are completed by installation subcontractors.

The main aspects of the organization of construction and installation work. The organization of construction and installation work is based on the following principles:
industrial methods of life;
complex mechanization of robots;
More precise methods of waking up.

Industrial methods of production - production of materials from prefabricated structures and factory-produced parts, with complex mechanization and automation of manufacturing processes, using advanced technologies progressive methods of organizing construction and installation work. It is important to directly industrialize and widely establish a free-sector labor force. Therefore, the level of profitability in everyday life is steadily increasing.

Thus, during the previous five-year period (1971-1975) the tax rate for the new election in general increased approximately twice, more than twice (twice the increase in the stagnation of factory-made structures, significantly There has been an increase in the use of reinforced concrete precast structures from lightweight concrete, as well as aluminum structures).

The advancement of industrial methods of everyday life will quickly lead to the creation and implementation of the objects that will be created, changing the complexity and skill of their everyday life.

Integrated mechanization of robots. In construction and assembly production there are three types of mechanization: partial (partial), complex and automation.

In case of incomplete mechanization, only a part of the robot is bent using a mechanized method. For example, when digging trenches for laying utility lines, the soil should be excavated with an excavator, and after laying pipelines, the excavator should be excavated using shovels. Unnecessary mechanization may cause the machine to stomp during small operations, or during outbursts, if for some reason it is not possible to stomp the machines.

With complex mechanization, the main processes that go into the robot are completed in a mechanized way. The use of manual work is allowed except for other ancillary operations of minor complexity. Mechanization of processes can be carried out using one or more machines (set). Most often, complex mechanization involves a set of machines and mechanisms. For example, the excavation of soil in a pit and its transportation into transport is carried out using excavators, transportation and recovery - with self-propelled trucks, demolition - with bulldozers (earthing mechanism) and compaction - with compactors. The butt of complex mechanization of earthworks uses one machine to crush the soil with a scraper (earth-transport mechanism).

The complex mechanization of the work results in great efficiency. Vaughn promotes the productivity of work, shortens the term of alertness, and reduces your productivity. Thus, when using excavator excavator excavator robots with a bucket capacity of 0.25-0.35 m, the productivity of the excavator will increase approximately 10-15 times compared to the manual method. On modern robots that follow additional machines, productivity increases by 20-30 times. The use of units for preparation, transportation and machining of the structure reduces the complexity by two to three times. The current period of development of industrial production is characterized by a broad transition to complex mechanization. Automation is called mechanization if all robots are completed automatically by a working system of machines controlled by the robot operator. Automation in everyday life is still stagnant, at the top level, in the production of everyday life. Created around automated and automated enterprises: factories for the production of concrete, asphalt concrete, precast concrete, at factories automated around technological processes (electrical supply, welding operations, thermal treatment room isoconcrete viruses).

Recently, automation has begun to be more widely used in the production of construction and assembly robots. Some earth-moving shells have an automatic control system; the installation cranes of the new system are equipped with automatic interconnectors; Trenchers are released to automatically dig trenches of a given profile.

Precise methods of organizing everyday life are the most progressive forms of organizing everyday production that will ensure the uninterrupted, even and rhythmic production of building and installation work. Exact methods are transferred: dismemberment of construction and assembly production at the edge of the warehouse process; divided the people among the Viconavians; understanding everyday processes in the hour; establishing the correct vibration rhythm. The most widespread in everyday life are the flow-spitting and flow-linear methods for the installation of drilling and installation work.

With the flow-grabbing method, robots break up the plots (grabs), which are approximately equal in labor intensity. In its own way, the grips are divided into the front of the work, and the rest into the plots. The capture is part of the object, where the installations of the brigade and the several brigades mark the beginning of the work, the front work is a whole part of the capture, and the teams of workers mark part of the daily process, which is no more than the capture. The site is part of the front line of work, the work of the brigade is one step closer to the operational process carried out by the brigade.

On the grips, in order of technological sequence, complexes of construction and installation robots are carried out step by step. At the same object, work and at the same time carry out a variety of work, such as specialized or complex teams of warehouse workers, successively move from one object to another, so that over the course of the day there will be one And the same cycle works on the skin tissue. A robot cycle is a set of technologically interconnected robots that can be processed on one gripper at the same time (in parallel).

The duration of one cycle on one gripper is called the rhythm of the flow, and the hourly interval between the start of work on the same gripper of two sequentially working teams is called the flow rate. An indicator of the most precise organization of flow generation is the perpetual flow, in which the rhythm of the flow represents a constant value to the hour and is similar to the time of the flow.

The flow-spitting method stagnates when the alarm is raised; flow-linear – with the introduction of spores or structures of a linear-extended nature (roads, main pipelines, canals, radiators). With this method, teams of robot workers successively, one by one, move along the track with steady speed.