Create chemical batteries from a motor. DIY salt battery

28.07.2023

A battery or a galvanic element is the chemical source of the electric current. All batteries sold in stores are of the same design. They have two electrodes from different warehouses. The main element for the negative lead (anode) of salt-water batteries is zinc, and for the positive lead (cathode) is manganese. The cathode of lithium batteries is prepared from the summer, and various materials are used for the anode.

Between the electrodes of the batteries there is a reinstalled electrolyte. The warehouse is very different: for salt batteries, which have the lowest resource, ammonium chloride is used. To prepare dry batteries, use potassium hydroxide, and for lithium batteries, use organic electrolyte.

When the electrolyte interacts with the anode, excess electrons are created nearby, which creates a potential difference between the electrodes. When the electric stake is short-circuited, the number of electrons in the chemical reaction is gradually replenished, and the battery supports the flow of fluid through the battery. As a result, the anode material gradually corrodes and collapses. When the battery life becomes exhausted, the battery life becomes exhausted.

Regardless of those who have a warehouse of batteries balanced by generators to ensure a safe and stable operation, you can prepare the life element yourself. Let's take a look at a number of ways you can destroy a battery using a power source.

Method one: battery with lemon

This self-propelled battery uses a citric acid-based electrolyte that is contained in lemon pulp. For electrodes, we will take a medium or thin rod, a bolt or a pin. The copper electrode will be positive, and the metallic one will be negative.

The lemon must be cut crosswise into two parts. For greater durability, place the halves in a small container (flasks or glasses). It is necessary to add a drop to the electrodes and soak them in lemon with 0.5 - 1 div.

Now you need to take a multimeter and measure the voltage on the galvanic element, which is the highest. If this is not enough, you will also need to make a bunch of new lemon batteries with your own hands and connect them successively using the same wires.

Another method: a jar of electrolyte

To create a device with your own hands, similar in design to the first battery in the world, you will need a bottle of a jar or a bottle. For the electrode material, zinc or aluminum (anode) and copper (cathode) are used. To increase the efficiency of the element, their area should be as large as possible. The wire will preferably be soldered, but before the electrode, the wire will have to be attached to the aluminum with a rivet or bolted connections, so that the pieces are difficult to solder.

The electrodes are enclosed in the middle of the jar so that the stench does not stick together, and the ends of them are found at the cost of the jar. It is better to fix them by installing a spreader or a cover with slots.
For the electrolyte, I use aqueous liquid to wash it (50 g per 100 ml of water). Water-based ammonia (ammonium alcohol) is not ammonia, which is used for our knowledge. Ammonia (ammonium chloride) is an odorless, white-colored powder that solidifies when soldered as a flux or as a good substance.

Another option for preparing the electrolyte is to produce 20% of the sulfuric acid. When this happens, you need to add the acid to the water, and always do it without any hassle. Otherwise, boil the mitt water and pour the acid onto your clothes, exposing your eyes.

When working with concentrated acids, it is recommended to wear dry eyepieces and chemical-resistant gloves. Before you build a battery with sulfuric acid, be sure to read in more detail the safety rules when working with aggressive substances.

There was no more room to pour the rozchin into the jar, so that at least 2 mm of free space was left to the brim of the container. Then use a tester to select the required number of cans.

Collect with your own hands a life element similar to a salt battery, using ammonium chloride and zinc.

Method three: copper coins

Ingredients for making such a battery with your own hands:

copper coins;
aluminum foil;
thick cardboard;
table ocet;
drowsiness.

It is not important to realize that the electrodes will be copper and aluminum, and that the electrolyte will be vicorized by aqueous acid.

Coins first need to be cleaned to remove oxides. For this reason, it is necessary to unnecessarily omit them from the list. Then we prepare circles from cardboard and foil the size of coins, using one of them as a template. We cut the mugs with scissors and place the cardboard for about an hour until the stench of the electrolyte leaks out.

Then a stack of ingredients is added: a coin, then a cardboard circle, a foil circle, another coin, and so on until the material is exhausted. The end element is again a copper coin. Up to the last coins, you can solder darts from behind. If you don’t want to solder, the wires are attached before them, and the entire structure is tightly wrapped with tape.

In the process of working with batteries collected with one’s own hands, the coins will become irreplaceable, so it is not possible to exploit numismatic material in order to gain cultural and material value.

Method four: beer battery

The anode of the battery is the aluminum body of a beer can. The cathode is a graphite shear.

Dodatkovo needs:

sheet of polystyrene foam, about 1 cm thick;
vugilna krichta or drank (you can stagnate those who have lost their wealth);
water is a primary kitchen salt;
wax or paraffin (you can use candles).

The top part of the jar needs to be cut off. Then make a circle made of polystyrene plastic the size of the bottom of the jar and insert it in the middle, making a hole in the middle for a graphite cutter. The shearing itself is inserted into the jar strictly in the center, the empty space between it and the walls are filled with a coal crust. Then a water mixture of salt is prepared (3 tablespoons per 500 ml of water) and poured into a jar. To ensure that the edges do not curl, the edges of the jar are filled with wax and paraffin.

To connect the wires to the graphite wires, you can use white clothespins.

Method five: potatoes, salt and toothpaste

This battery is a disposable battery. It is suitable for igniting fire by closing the darts short to catch the spark.

To create a potato igniter you will need:

the potato is large;
two copper darts in isolation;
toothpicks or thin cods similar to them;
salt;
Toothpaste.

We cut the potato in half so that the cutting area is as small as possible. In one half, use a knife or spoon to select a hole, where you add salt and add toothpaste. We mix them with each other until we maintain a homogeneous mass. The strength of the “electrolyte” may be at the edges of the sink.

In the other half, which will be the top, we pierce two openings at a distance between each other in such a way that the smell is lost in the electrolyte when the “battery” is folded. The darts are inserted into the hole, first cleaned and insulated to about a centimeter. We fold the halves together so that the ends of the wires fall into the electrolyte. Use toothpicks to secure the halves together.

There are close to five quills, after which, by closing the javelins among themselves, a spark can be generated and a fire can be created.

All described methods include complete replacement of a battery purchased in a store. The voltage on self-contained elements may fluctuate, but this value cannot be accurately determined. You won’t be able to fool around with them for too long. Here in the wilderness, without electricity, you can assemble with your own hands a life element for a mobile phone or a LED light bulb for the entire skin. Firstly, for the obviousness of the relevant materials at hand.

To work on the self-propelled dough, you will need a sheet of aluminum foil, a plastic bag for sour cream, graphite powder, a bandage, and some paper.

Work on the battery

Place some foil on the bag. To strengthen and enhance the contact with the dart, add a small amount of foil. Next, put the paper smudge on top of the sandwich with foil and a bag. Place a bandage and graphite powder on top of it. We complete the basic work by placing another aluminum plate on the graphite powder. Once again, add a small amount of foil for contact.

We will burn all the smudges very well until the cowbass. We wrap the self-propelled battery with tape or gum so that the entire structure does not fall apart. It was impossible to put the battery into an acidic solution. Then it is possible to collect from metal parts, the graphite and the package will turn into a battery. It is possible to vikorystuvatiy salty roses. The easiest way is to get a quick and cheap result. However, the voltage and flow will be less for this battery, lower than for the acid version. Three such batteries can easily power a small-sized radio receiver. Watch the video to see all the details of creating a battery with your own hands.

In this article, the self-master will guide us through all stages of battery folding, from the selection of material to the remaining folding. Radio-coated games, laptop batteries, medical supplies, electric bicycles and electric cars use 18650 batteries.

The 18650 battery (18*65 mm) is the same size as a lithium-ion battery. To equalize the original batteries in AA format, size 14*50 mm. The author himself made this assembly to replace the lead-acid battery he had previously manufactured.

Video:

Tools and materials:
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
-Vimicach;
-Roz'em;
- ;
-Gwinti 3M x 10 mm;
- Point contact welding device;
-3D printer;
-Stripper (tool for removing insulation);
- Hairdryer;
-Multimeter;
-Charger for lithium-ion batteries;
-Dry eyepieces;
-Dielectric gloves;

Some tools can be replaced with more accessible ones.

Krok first: choice of batteries
We first need to select the correct batteries. There are a variety of batteries on the market ranging from $1 to $10. According to the author, the best batteries are from Panasonic, Samsung, Sanyo and LG. At the price, the stench is more expensive than others, but they have proven themselves to be rich in aroma and characteristics.
The author should not buy batteries with the names Ultrafire, Surefire and Trustfire. These batteries are those that have not passed the battery test at the factory and were purchased at an indirect price and repackaged under a new name. As a rule, such batteries have a declared capacity and a risk of wear during charging and discharging.
For his self-propelled machine, the master used Panasonic batteries with a capacity of 3400 mAg.

Another crumb: choice of nickel black
To connect the battery, you need nickel carbon. There are two products on the market: nickel-plated metal and nickel black. The author is for the sake of vikorystuvati nickel smuga. The smells are more expensive, but they have a low base and, therefore, get less warm, which affects the battery life.

The third step: spot welding or soldering
To connect batteries, there are two methods: soldering and spot welding. Short choice of point welding. When spot welded, the battery does not overheat. A cooking apparatus (like the author’s) costs approx. 12 URAKHUVANNYAM. For foreign online stores, approx. 20 URAKHUVANNYAM. at the Russian online store. The author himself is a vikoryst brewer, but also prepared a number of recommendations for soldering.
At the hour of soldering, bring the contact of the soldering iron to the battery to a minimum. It is better to use a strong soldering iron (80 W) and solder it lightly, then heat the solder in place.

Croc of quarters: checking batteries
Before connecting batteries, it is necessary to check the skin around them. The voltage on the batteries is approximately the same. For new acid batteries, the voltage is 3.5 - 3.7 V. Such batteries can be connected, or rather, the voltage can be adjusted using an additional charging device. For batteries, the difference in voltage will be even greater.

Krok p'yatiy: battery packing
For the master's project, a battery with a voltage of 11.1 V and a capacity of 17,000 mAg is required.
The capacity of the 18650 battery becomes 3400 mAg. When connecting five batteries in parallel, the resulting capacity reaches 17,000 mAg. Designate this type as P, for this type as 5P

One battery has a voltage of 3.7 V. To reduce 11.1 V, you need to connect three batteries in series. Designated S, at times 3S.

Also, to select the required parameters, you need three sections, which are made up of five parallel-connected batteries, connected in series. Package 3S5P.

Krok sixty: battery collection
For folding the battery, Master Vikorist uses special plastic containers. Plastic centers have a number of advantages before joining them, for example, using a glue gun.
1. Easier to fold no matter what.
2. There is no space for ventilation between the batteries.
3. Vibration and impact.

Collect two middles 3*5. Inserts the first package of 5S batteries plus side into the box, followed by five plus side batteries and the remaining five batteries again plus side side (extraordinary photo).

Place another middle on top.

Krok somiy: brewing
It cuts both nickel strips for parallel connection, with a margin of 10 mm. Ten cuts are made for sequential connection.

Place a long mixture on the contacts of the first (if you turn it upside down, you will lose the first) parallel to the center 5P. I boil the smuga. Weld the joints with one end to + the third end and the other end to - the other. Weld it for a long time until + the third piece (on top of the scarves). Turns the block over. I weld the plates on the gate side, looking at those that are now connected in parallel to the third, and at the same time, sequentially welding the other sections (looking at those that have been turned over).

Croc eight: BMS (Battery Management System)
Let's figure out what BMS is for now.
BMS (Battery Management System) is an integral electronic board that is installed on a rechargeable battery to control the charge/discharge process, monitor the performance of the battery and its elements, control the temperature, the number of charge/discharge cycles, and protect storage batteries. The heating and balancing system ensures individual control of the voltage and support of the skin element of the battery, distributes the currents between the storage batteries during the charging process, controls the current discharge, and indicates the loss of capacity due to imbalance , guarantees safe connection/disconnection of the device.

Based on the data, BMS balances the charge of the core, protects the battery from short circuit, overcurrent, overcharge, overdischarge (high and extremely low voltage of the skin core), overheating and hypothermia. The functionality of the BMS allows not only to improve the operating mode of the rechargeable batteries, but also to maximize the terms of their service.

The important parameters of the charge are the number of midstreams in the row, in this case 3S, and the maximum discharge flow, in this case 25 A. For this project, Master Vikorist fee with advanced parameters:
Model: HX-3S-FL25A-A
Overvoltage range: 4.25~4.35±0.05V
Discharge voltage range: 2.3 ~ 3.0 ± 0.05 V
Maximum working flow: 0~25A
Working temperature: -40℃~+50℃
Solder the board to the ends of the battery along with the circuit.

In the spring of 2015, Elon Musk presented beautiful home Powerwall units to save energy from household batteries - and supply cost-free electricity throughout the entire household, day and night. However, due to the availability of solar batteries, such backup power for the cabin is especially valuable when the electricity has been turned on in the area. The computer and all equipment continue to work calmly.

Another version of the Powerwall saves up to 13.5 kWh, which can be used every year (standard capacity is 5 kW, and peak capacity is 7 kW). The problem is that the original version from Tesla costs as much as $5,500 (plus $700 for additional ownership, at once $6,200 plus installation work costs $800 to $2,000) - too expensive. DIY-makers have solved this problem with the help of used batteries, which lie unscathed in abandoned laptops.

With your own hands, you can select a unit with superior characteristics, lower than Tesla (for example, 30-100 kWg) - and much cheaper.

Enthusiasm for DIY folding can be shared in the specialized DIY Powerwalls forums. groups on Facebookі on YouTube. A special section on the forums dedicated to safety is an important aspect if you are looking for such a difficult thing that you might fall asleep on the street (they should install a booth behind the boundaries so as not to break the law and security).

For makers, assembling and connecting such a life block is not only a job and saving money, but also the ability to work like an electrician works in a booth.

Almost everyone is enthusiastic in the comments Motherboard indicated that their power systems have much greater capacity than Tesla's. It is clear that the company sacrificed capacity for the beautiful, thin design of the living unit and for greater efficiency in cooling and safety. One of the French makers from the forum under the name Glubux selected a 28 kWh unit. It seems that this is a necessity for every household, and I ended up buying an electric oven and an induction hob, so that I could spend the excess energy somewhere.

Australian maker Peter Matthews Having selected a 40 kWh unit that can live on 40 solar panels on the stove, fortunately in Australia there are no shortages of solar days.

The largest self-sufficient block that has ever been known Motherboard, collected from 22,500 laptops It has a capacity of over 100 kWh. With such a block, a small booth can operate for a few months - for example, all winter - as the solar panels have suddenly become inactive.

A Californian blogger Jehu Garcia We are planning to build a 1-megawatt system from laptop batteries, the largest private energy-saving system in the United States.

Most enthusiasts use folded lithium-ion batteries model 18650. They are packaged in colorful plastic cases and are installed in laptops and other electronics. The new 18650 batteries cost about $5 apiece, so the system would be a little cheaper than the Tesla model. Therefore, choose to buy used batteries and remove batteries from discarded, stolen laptops. It’s a pity that a lot of people simply throw out batteries at once with a broken laptop, although they stink entirely of their laptops. According to the director of the largest battery recycling company in the United States, Call2Recycle, approximately 95% of batteries are not recycled and end up in landfills, although all types of batteries can be recycled in one or another look.

Finding enough discarded technology is not so easy, but it has become even more important, since many people have begun to replace their power systems with Powerwalls, and laptop manufacturers have become unwilling to recycle batteries from self-made technology not from their company.

After finding the batteries, test them, then renew them through cycling with a full discharge. Then the batteries go into the “packages”. Such boxes can be brought to the market or picked up independently. Electrically conductive copper “busbars” are attached to the top, and the battery contacts are soldered to them.

The entire structure is attached to the inverter and mounted at the stand, as it is installed on the street. You can install a monitoring system there to control the temperature with automatic activation of energy banks that have already been activated.

A whole group of makers around the world has already formed, constructing such “battery home farms” from old laptop batteries in order to save electricity from solar batteries. The partnership brings together enthusiasts from all over the world, sharing information and satisfaction with safety, engineering systems, the capacity of different types of batteries, etc. ).

Do it yourself eternal battery 2.13 volts.

Today we will learn how to create a life element that can last forever.

Today we will learn how to create a battery that can last up to a lifetime, or you can use a quick alternative, such as a 12-volt battery manufactured by Chinaland Solar Energy.

We need:

the body, if there is a bottle of glass, plastic will not go;

Any piece of wood is cut, in this case it is a spoon, it serves as a core and thus takes part in the chemical reaction;

The copper is dripping, which may be due to old windings from some old electrical appliances;

grub spit, it is used for insulation between the winding balls.

For reasons, in which everything is available:

apple cetacea 6%, teaspoon;

glycerin, sold in any pharmacy, costs ten rubles, even the bulbs;

First kitchen salt, teaspoon.

For the cob, wrap the spoon with grub spit so that there is no direct contact with the honey dart. Having wrapped the spoon with spitting, as you would with the top and bottom ends of the spoon, I now need to wrap it with spit in order to interact with the split. We tighten the stitching further, where one of the contacts will be and the first ball will be wound. I wound one ball, but the turns did not fit one by one, between them there is space for insulation. Now I need to wind the grub spit again, I have wound another ball, I need to wind the spit more tightly so as not to create a necessary separation between the wires and now I need to wind another ball in the wire and so on, spit, We'll carry on until we're done.