Hour terminology. Dictionary of watchdogs Anti-magnetic clock clock
The other day I visited the curious presentation - Omega represented the "most antimagnetic clock in the world": "For the first time in the history of the hourly industry, a mechanism has been developed that can fully solve the problem of exposure to magnetic fields on the course of mechanical clock." Honestly, until recently, I did not even think about why anti-magnetic protection is needed at all. Of course, everyone knows that if you stop the magnet to the mechanical clock, then they will stop and for all, but it is unlikely that someone will consciously deal with the damage to their watches, knowing about such a fact. But it is impossible to avoid the effects of magnets on the clock.
I do not want to fulfill the details of the presentation, just share what I managed to learn about the impact of magnets on the clock, and a little about those "the most antimagnetic hours in the world."
Did you think about how much magnets around us? Caver for iPad, women's handbag with magnetic fastener, electric shaver, refrigerator door, mobile phone, magnetic frames in supermarkets and airports, powerful studio sound columns, etc. - Magnets everywhere, and every year they are becoming more and more.
Evolution of magnetic energy density
And this is one of the reasons that the reliability of modern mechanical clocks, despite the efforts of manufacturers, is still not so close to absolute, as I would like, because the details of the hourly mechanism are subject to the impact of magnets that surround us everywhere: at work, at home, in transport .
When exposed to magnetic fields on the clock, two scenarios can be implemented:
1. Under the influence of magnetic fields, the performance of the clock is violated or the accuracy of the course, however, after the termination of this impact, the clock restores its characteristics. So there are household magnets. If suddenly you want to eat at night and accidentally leave your watches on the refrigerator, then they, of course, will suffer from the effects of the magnet, with which the door of the refrigerator is closed, but they will not come out.
2. Under the influence of magnetic fields, with an increase in the tension of the magnetic field (magnetic induction), the clock loses its performance, and they need demagnetization.
Strong magnetic fields arise from high power currents: for example, when short closure or "cigarette" cars. Moreover, it is possible to magnify the clock even at the time of the call on your mobile: the current path in the phone battery is a small loop in which magnetic fields are formed. During the call, the current consumption current from the battery can reach a level of 10 amps. The distance from hours to mobile - about 1 cm, and even tensions in 1 ka / m quite enough for magnetization. Thus, it is enough just to spend the clock next to any object of radiation - they will remember it for a long time. 
The problem of magnetization of the clock is in the heart of the hourly mechanism, where there are two springs: a balance spring (a wicket spring) and a clockwork spring that provides a mechanism of energy. It is a wiking spring that is attached to the pendulum, determines how often this pendulum swings. For most of the history of the clock case, the balance of the balance was made of blond steel, and it, as is known, is subject to magnetization as any other steel. With its magnetization, the turns of the springs are attracted by each other, as a result of which the clock mechanism begins to "go crazy".
And although the production of most modern hours uses anti-magnetic materials, they do not allow to completely get rid of the adaptation on the household level, providing protection only from the short-term effects of magnetic fields. So the problem of magnetization of the clock remains very relevant, especially for those people of certain professions. Just this problem and solved ASULAB, NivaRox and ETA engineers belonging to the Swatch Group.
In 2008, they created a balancing spring from Si14 silicon. Why from silicon? Because this element has extraordinary stability and resistant to magnetic fields. 
It was then followed by the creation of the axes of the wheel of the balancer, pallet, coaxial wheel and the axis of rotation from the patented non-magnetic material Nivagauss ™ (alloy of iron, neodymium and boron compound). Steel for coaxial plates of the mechanism was also replaced by non-magnetic materials; The spring of the shock absorbers was made of amorphous metal. As a result, a completely new coaxial mechanism of caliber 8508 was developed, fully made of iron-free materials. 
So, the Seamaster Aqua Terra watch was born, the revolutionary feature of which is the property to withstand the effect of the magnetic field over 1.5 Tesla (15,000 GAUSS or 1,200,000 A / M). And this is 15 times ahead of the indicators of all previous antimagnetic mechanisms. 
Due to the fact that in these clock there is no traditional protective container, the clock does not look bulky and heavy. Their back cover is completely transparent, so that the mechanism itself is visible through it and its finish. By 2014, all coaxial hours will be equipped with such an antimagnetic mechanism.
I wonder how other clock manufacturers will be pulled up to the specified bar? And how much such watches will be in demand?
AUTOQUARTZ MOVEMENT - a combination of an automatic and quartz mechanism. As a result of everyday hand movements, the generator charges a mini-battery clock. The energy of a fully charged battery battery is enough for 50-100 days uninterrupted work hours.
Automatic Mechanism (Automatic Movement) - The clock with such a mechanism is automatically created. In simple mechanical clock, the spring is started with the rotation of the crown. The system of the automotive supply reduces almost no such need. Metal cargo in the form of the sector, fixed on the axis, rotates at any movements of the clock in space, the spring spider. The load must be heavy enough to overcome the springs resistance. To avoid reboot and breakdowns of the mechanism, a special protective clutch is set, which slipped when the spring is sufficient.
Automatic Stroke Uniform Adjustment (Automatic Adjustment Of Movement Steadiness) - term denoting automatic adjustment of the position of the anchor relative to the trigger wheel in the event of a pendulum oscillations with an increased amplitude. Due to the exact selection of friction between the anchor, the anchor axis and an additional disk, it is possible to achieve a uniform sound "Tik-so", after the end of the pendulum oscillation period with an increased amplitude.
Automatic night disabling melody and battle (Automatic Night Delivery Sound) - Function on clocks with battle, rehearsals, or carillons, allowing you to disconnect the sound notification of time for the night. Represents additional mechanisminterrupting a melody or battle.
Automatic Melodies Switching (Automatic Tune Changer) - Additional feature in rehearser clock or carillons, changing playing melody after each hour.
Academy of Independent Clock Manufacturers (Académie Horlogère Des Créateurs Indépendants (AHCI) - Society, founded by Svend Andersen (Svend Andersen) and Vincent Calabrent (Vincent Calabrasev in 1985. The purpose of this community was the desire to revive the traditional handicraft art of time hours, equivalent to the industrial production of mechanical clock. The community location is the community community in the canton of Bern. AHCI is an international organization And currently has 36 members and 5 candidates from more than 12 different countries that make a wide variety of mechanical watches (wrist, pocket, desktop, musical, as well as hours with a pendulum)
Diamond (Diamond) - Crystallized carbon, most solid in the world. Subsequently, the special cut acquires a unique shine and is called a diamond. It is often used to decorate the watches of the upper price category.
Altimeter (Altimeter) - Device that determines height above sea level due to changes in atmospheric pressure. The level of atmospheric pressure affects the accuracy of the clock. With an increase in the height and lowering the pressure, the air resistance in the watch housing is reduced, the frequency of oscillations and the clock begin to work with ahead, "hurry".
Shock Absorbers (Shock Reducer) - Details of the shockproof system of the hourly mechanism, intended to protect the axes of the parts of the mechanism from breakage at pulsed loads.
Analog Display (Analog Display) - Display, time using the relative movement of the marker and the plate (usually arrows and the dial).
Analog Watch (Analog Watch) - Watches in which time indication is carried out using the arrows.
Anchor Mechanism (Anchor) (Escapement) - A part of the hourly mechanism consisting of anchor wheel, fork and balance and the transformative energy of the planting spring into pulses transmitted by the balance to maintain a strictly defined period of oscillations, which is necessary for the uniform rotation of the gear mechanism.
Antimagnetic properties (antimagnetic) - View of the clock, which are not accompanied by magnetic exposure.
Antimagnetic Watch (Nonmagnetic Watch) - Watches in which a special alloy protecting the clock from magnetization is used for the manufacture of the housing.
Aperture (Aperture) - A small window in the dial, in which the current date is shown, the day of the week, etc.
Applique (Applique) - Numbers or symbols cut from metal and attached to the dial.
Astronomical Watch (Astronomical Watch) - Watches with additional indications on the dial, showing the phases of the moon, the time of sunrise and sunset, or the motion scheme of planets and constellations.
Atmosphere (ATM.) - Pressure measurement unit. It is often used in the hour sphere to indicate the level of water resistance of the clock. 1 The atmosphere (1 ATM) corresponds to a depth of 10.33 meters.
Heavy duty magnets are ideal tools for scientific research. In the material science, they are used in the development of complex substances with unusual properties for new electronics components. In chemistry, with their help, all sorts of emulsions, suspensions, gels, polymers and membranes are purified. In medicine, magnetic resonance tomographs have been saved by human lives for many years. The more powerful magnet, the more cleaner image of the live fabric it allows you to get.
The production of high-precision mechanisms requires an impeccable organization of all technological processes.
Modern transport is the kingdom of strong magnetic fields. Powerful Tesla electric motors and other electric vehicles, magnetic cushion trains, electrical cuters, electrons and other devices. Hyperloop Ilona Mask will fly in magnetic fields: it uses them for movement and levitation.
Magnetic fields surround us and in everyday life. For example, their source serve strong permanent magnets built into wheel bikes, electromagnetic coils in acoustic systems, Induction plates, cooking panels. Even the ordinary hairdryer can become a source of magnetic fields that adhere to the work of the most accurate mechanisms.
Seamaster Aqua Terra\u003e 15,000 Gauss watches were the first to be equipped with an Omega coaxial watch gauge Caliber 8508, which is able to withstand the effect of magnetic fields by force of more than 15,000 Gauss.
In the bunker
The watchmakers knew about this problem and fought it in different ways. The most common way is to place the clockwise mechanism inside the anti-magnetic capsule-case by analogy with the Faraday Cell. The disadvantage of this solution was increased watches and limitations on the power of the magnetic field - up to 1000 Gauss. Such hours can withstand the neighborhood with weak magnetic materials, but modern magnets are fatal for them. For comparison, neodymium magnets create a field at 10,000-14,000 Gauss. You can fight with such fields in one way: to make the entire mechanism from non-magnetic materials. To work out this technology, first implemented in the watch of Seamaster Aqua Terra, which withstand the fields up to 15,000 Gauss, Omega has left for several decades.
An important step in this direction was the production of Si14 Silicon Balance Spring. Silicon has incredible stability and stability, including to the effects of magnetic fields. The second step that contributed to the emergence of the coaxial mechanism of the caliber 8508 is the creation of axes from non-magnetic material Nivagauss. These are the axes of the wheel of the balance, pallets and coaxial wheels. Steel previously used in the coaxial descent, including an anchor fork, a pulsed gear and a pulse wheel, was also replaced by non-magnetic materials. Finally, the spring of the shock absorbers is made of amorphous metal.
All this made it possible to create Omega caliber 8508 - the world's first is truly anti-magnetic mechanical clockwork.
Valery Zhilyeva September 18, 2018, 18:57All mechanical clocks have such a complex technical device that it may seem as if they began to be issued in the 21st century. In fact, it is not. Mechanical wristwatch produced several centuries, although their device does not change until now.
Watchmakers who were dedicated, often compare the mechanism of their kids with a living being. This has a certain proportion of truth - the clock is also exposed to external influence, as well as everything else. All sorts of blows, temperature differences and other changes ambient They can negatively affect the coordinated mechanism.
In addition to obvious threats, there is a hidden - magnetic fields. Nevertheless, watchmaking masters found a solution to this problem. Anti-magnetic hours were manufactured, thanks to which the accessory was made possible in completely unfavorable, at first glance, conditions.
What is anti-magnetism in the clock and why is it needed?
The magnetic field is a special matter that is formed around the conductor when an electric current passes through it. Threat to the hourly mechanism can only be magnetic field of items surrounding us.
Watches can hurry or lag behind the magnetic frames in stores, refrigerators, mobile phones and other surrounding things
If the wristwatches will be constantly near the magnet of considerable power, their the mechanism will deteriorate forever. However, there is no such magnetic fields in everyday life - a mobile phone or refrigerator, if and can harm the mechanism, then slightly.
Much better resistance to the effects of magnetic fields possess quartz watch. They will begin to rush or fall behind only in case of exposure to significant radiation. However, it is enough to leave a strong magnetic field, as the accessory earns and after the configuration will show the exact time.
Women's Watch, SL (Link price)
However, this option is not suitable for everyone. For example, pilots, scientists and representatives of other professions have to be constantly to be among the devicesgenerating strong magnetic radiation. How to be in this case?
The problem was decided at the beginning of the 20th century. For people working in direct interaction with electrical appliances, were created special protection against magnetic fields. Now anti-magnetic clock can buy anyone at quite an affordable price.
How was the problem of the impact of the magnetic field solved?
Wizard's watchmakers knew about the existing problem of the magnetic field and fought with it with different methods. Distribution received the following method - the clock mechanism was placed inside the anti-magnetic case.
Antimagnetic clock under the rear lid
But this option was with significant shortcomings:
- an increase in watches;
- limiting the power of the magnetic field to 1000 Gauss;
- "Mortality" of modern magnets for such a mechanism - the field created can reach 14,000 Gauss.
To get rid of the effects of modern fields, it is necessary to make the entire mechanism from materials that are not destructive effect. For the implementation of this idea of \u200b\u200bOmega, several decades took place. They first created hours, holding fields up to 15,000 Gauss.
To create anti-magnetic watches was used siliconWith resistant to the harmful effects of instruments. In addition, for the manufacture of axes was used non-magnetic materialNivagauss. The usual steel was replaced with similar materials and amorphous metals. The world's first antimagnetic mechanism created by Omega, was called "Calibr 8508 ».
OMEGA anti-magnetic watches
A lot of effort to solve the problem and creating anti-magnetic clock has attached an outstanding watch industry figure Charles-Auguste Piir. He made a pendulum and spring balance from palladium. It worked, and its invention was officially patented in the 1880s.
This development was actively used when creating new clock models. The first in human history with anti-magnetic watches produced for mass production, steel Tissot.Antimagnetique.. They were presented in the market in 1933.
Antimagnetique Antimagnetique Antimagnetic Watch
Already later, in the 50s, the flocks apply new alloys to create antimagnetic properties:
- glusidur - alloy beryllium, copper and iron;
- niivàx - alloy titanium, chromium and nickel;
- invar - nickel, carbon and chromium alloy.
Since the beginning of the 60s, all famous companies began to use mainly Nivairc and Glusidur.
The rapid progress of the watch world has not been without the attention of the International Organization for Standardization. An order was issued about creating uniform standards to recognize the clock with antimagnetic.
Antimagnetic models of watch
Modern high-quality mechanical clocks meet all the requirements and are able to withstand strong magnetic irradiation. Prices for mechanical wrist antimagnetic clock range from 10,000 rubles to infinity. The cost depends on the brand, material and functional.
Consider the legendary models of anti-magnetic accessories.
Antimagnetic clock Rolex
Rolex manufactures watch modelMilgauss Since 1954. For a while, their release was suspended, but since 2007, the accessory reappeared on the market. The model was a bit adapted and was intended for scientists working on a large hadron collider.
The exact composition of the alloys, which are used in the manufacture of anti-magnetic clock, is kept in the strictest selection and are a commercial secret brand company.
Antimagnetic clock Rolex
Antimagnetic clock Omega.
OMEGA company releases unusual hours Seamaster. Aqua. Terra > 15,000 gauss. Initially, they were intended for ship admirals and teams. These watches are unmistakably work under the influence of radiation in 15,000 Gauss. And this is not the limit. Omega simply did not find equipment that would ensure a higher level of magnetic effects.
This is completely anti-magnetic clock. Such a mechanism was created for the first time for the history of mankind. Of course, the company keeps the composition and name of the alloys used in the secret.
Antimagnetic watch Omega Seamaster Aqua Terra
The Soviet Union also did not remain aside from the watch triumph. At the Netheopol Plant "East" were created wristwatch "Amphibian". The name is not chosen by chance - the watches are withstanding the pressure existing at a depth of up to 200 m. The watches are manufactured in the USSR on the basis of the "commander" in 1967. It was a special price of the USSR Ministry of Defense. For his time it was an innovative mechanism. There were no such hours before this point in the Soviet Union. They were also called antimagnetic ship clock with 17 stones in the USSR.
Antimagnetic Commander Watch Factory "East" "Amphibian"
Antimagnetic clock "Rocket"
Watch "Rocket" We are produced by the oldest petrodvorettsy plant of Russia. The company has established mass production of wrist watches one of the first. Accessories went to export in 30 countries of the world.
The model with a mechanism of 2610 and 21 by the stone was especially distinguished, actively produced in 1985-1987. They were made specifically for people working under the conditions of strong exposure to magnetic fields (at power plants, ships, etc.). Antimagnetic in these watches is the mechanism itself, as well as the plates under the dial and the rear lid.
Antimagnetic clock "Rocket"
Antimagnetic clocks have become a real breakthrough. Initially, a similar accessory was intended for people working in places of strong electromagnetic effects. Ordinary mechanical clock simply could not withstand irradiation and came into disrepair.
Since 1933, anti-magnetic wrist watches have become available on the mass market. It forever relieved the population from the problem when the surrounding electrical appliances were caused by a breakdown of hours.
The mechanical clock is so technologically difficult that sometimes it seems that they were invented quite recently, at the beginning of the 21st century. However, mechanical clocks accompany humanity throughout for several centuries. Their device is invariably to this day: the intricateness of interacting gears and springs interacting the dial, allowing us to see what is happening on the surface - the smooth movement of the arrows, the work of complications.
Many people note the obvious similarity of the hourly mechanism with a living being organism. And, as in the case of any living organism, the life of the mechanical clock is subjected to threats from the outside. Blowing and temperature drops have always represented a clear threat to the mechanical clock.
But there is another threat. Hidden. Magnetic fields. Today we will not only deal in the essence of this threat, but also consider possible ways to protect against it.
A magnetic field - Special type of matter. The magnetic field is formed around the conductor when the electric current is passed. It is important to remember that the magnetic field of the Earth itself is not able to harm the mechanical clock, the threat in this case represents the magnetic field of items that we surrounded themselves in everyday life. Magnetic frames at airports and shops, magnetic clashes bags, powerful columns, thanks to which a person enjoys music, refrigerators, electric shavers, mobile phones - that's just some items, the magnetic field of which is able to force the clock to hurry or fall behind, it's not long to leave the mechanical clock next to you with them.
We must not forget that "Meeting" with a strong magnet (there is no mobile phone) to spoil your mechanical clock forever - the components of the mechanism are irreversibly magnetized, the distance from the source of strong magnetic radiation will not be able to restore the correct operation of the clock. The opening holder does not even help the procedure of demagnetization offered by many hour buildings and private watchmaking.
Quartz watches have better resistance from the effects of magnetic fields. Most quartz o'clock will begin to show inaccurate time or will stop working at all if they have been exposed to exposure very strong magnetic field. It is enough to leave the zone of strong magnetic radiation - here they work again, as before, it remains only to re-set the exact time.
But, back to the mechanical clock. We have already mentioned that technological development resulted in the appearance of many devices around us, helping a person in everyday life - from the refrigerator, to mobile phone. And now imagine yourself on the site of scientists, pilots, engineers - their work involves interaction with electronic devices that generate the strongest magnetic radiation. It is representatives of these professions that prompted the best minds of the watch world to begin attempts to create a mechanical clock from magnetic fields.
Wizard watch house Vacheron Constantin. There were one of the first specialists who tried to increase the anti-magnetic properties of the hourly mechanism. Citizen Switzerland Charles-Auguste Piir (Charles-Auguste Paillard) declared a little later, although he had no relation to the company Vacheron Constantin..
Charles-Auguste Pievyar was not only an outstanding watch industry worker, founded his own company for the production of watches, but also by the first person who prealted all theoretical knowledge about protecting the mechanical clock from magnetic radiation into a practical system. Exactly Charleu-Auguste Piyar Attribute the creation of a first time-protected clock mechanism created from palladium, a noble metal platinum group. The Swiss manufactured the pendulum and the balance spring (the so-called "hairstyle" spring) from palladium, and it worked.
Invention Piyara It was officially patented in the mid-1880s. New development was warmly accepted by the public, and the company began to contact Charlet-Augustend With requests for the purchase of rights to use his creation in your clock. From the late 1880s and before the early 1910s, the brainchild Piyara was involved in the clock companies Peoria, A.c. Smith, Elgin.. Companies Waltham and IWC. Watching what is happening to in the end to intervene in the process on favorable terms, since it chose to create its protection systems from the effects of magnetic fields.
With the already mentioned company IWC.By the way, one common misconception is connected. There is an opinion that it is the watch that IWC Mark 11. In 1948, they were the first in the history of mankind with writhing hours of mass production, protected from the effects of the magnetic field. IWC Mark 11. We were the first in terms of the technological breakthrough in the peculiarities of anti-magnetic protection, but not the first mass anti-magnetic clocks at all. In fact, the first in the history of mankind by anti-magnetic violation hours of mass production was Tissot AntimagNetique, presented in 1933.
Model Mark 11. from IWC. stood out that in her for the first time in history, the similarity was used famous Faraday Cell - The clock mechanism was covered with a soft metal protective casing. After some time, the cavalry in the face of the company Rolex With a model of hours Milgauss, as well as a company Omega. with antimagnetic clock Railmaster. Clock Rolex Milgauss and Omega Railmaster. repeated the structure of the protective casing, first seen in IWC Mark 11..
The 50s of the twentieth century became the epoch of special alloys used in the manufacture of hours. All these alloys provided invisible anti-magnetic indicators for their properties. Then the world heard new names: "GluCydur" (Glusidur - beryllium and copper alloy with iron), "Nivarox" (Niivàx - titanium alloy and chromium with nickel), "Invar" (nickel alloy with carbon and chrome). Since the beginning of the 1960s, all respected companies used alloy Nivarox. To create a "hairstyle" springs and alloy Glucydur. For the production of pendulum.
International Organization for Standardization THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION) Untile attention to the rapid progress of the watch world. Representatives of this organization issued a decree on creating uniform standards, according to which the clocks can be recognized by antimagnetic.
Today, almost all high-quality mechanical clock meet the requirements of the standard about anti-magnetic clocks and are able to withstand irradiation in 4 800 a / m.
Some hours of the 21st century are able to resist magnetic fields With the emission of incredible power.
We are talking about clock Rolex Milgaussincurred by the descendant Milgauss 1954 release. In 2007, the company Rolex decided to revive the watch family Milgauss, developing a new model exclusively for scientists working in some areas Great hadron collider.
Name "MILGAUSS" Selected not at all by chance - Milli Gauss - unit of measurement of magnetic induction, equals approximately 80,000 a / m. This indicator of anti-magneticity had the initial model Rolex Milgauss 1954 release. But this time, the company Rolex It was not limited to the installation of the notorious "Faraday's hour cell", making the details of the mechanism from special alloys, the exact composition of which is a commercial secret Rolex.
Company IWC. It also seeks to continue the good traditions of the past. Clock IWC Ingenieur Automatic Mission Earth hold the brand of resistance to the effects of magnetic fields at the level in 80,000 a / m.
Mechanical watches Omega Seamaster Aqua Terra\u003e 15,000 Gauss Unusual in every sense of this word. You have already paid attention to the inscription "\u003e 15,000 GAUSS" in the name? It means that these hours are capable of unmistakably work under the influence of magnetic radiation in 15,000 Gauss, which is equal to the second, 1,200,000 a / m! And this is despite the fact that Omega. It was simply not found equipment capable of providing an even higher level of radiation.
In the clock Omega Seamaster Aqua Terra\u003e 15,000 Gauss There is no similarity of the Faraday cell. Such impressive indicators of anti-magneticity were achieved through the use of special alloys from which the mechanism was made. 8508 who became the heart of these watches. The name of the alloys used, of course, keeps in the strictest mystery. For the first time in the history of the hourly industry, a person managed to create a fully anti-magnetic clock mechanism.
