11.05.2016 49 190

How to plant an apple tree in the garden?

As you know, how to plant an apple tree, healthy trees and tasty fruits will soon become fruitful in your garden. Proper planting gives the germ of a new life to the growth, allowing it to take root and develop further. Extensive cuttings, which are often allowed by gardeners in the process of planting apple trees, lead to irrevocable inheritances, and having mastered the subtleties of technology, you can avoid unpleasant surprises from the future.

Time to plant apple trees

When is it better to plant apple trees in the spring or autumn, in the cultural zone and in the climate zone? The thoughts of gardeners are changing, and agronomists have confirmed that they still focus on the region of growth and the period of dormancy in the growth (before the flowers swell - in the spring and fall of the leaves, in the spring).

In the Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov regions, in the Kuban and in the Republic of Adigea, planting apple tree gardens should be done in the spring, 3-4 days before the onset of frost. The oriental term falls on the end of spring, extends to the rest of the summer, and in some cases the first season of leaf fall. Young apple trees miraculously manage to take root in the ground and gain strength for the winter.

In the northern regions (Arkhangelsk, Irkutsk, Murmansk, Tyumen, etc.), as well as in the Urals and Siberia, it is recommended to plant apple trees in the spring. This is due to the early arrival of frosts, most often the planting of young plants just after autumn planting, the non-transferability of nature and a sharp change in temperature are factors that make it impossible to catch. Spring, as only the upper ball leaves the soil, proceed before planting the seedlings, while the growth is at rest.

in the photo - planting an apple tree with a closed root system

In the central part of Russia (Bryansk, Volodymyr, Ivanivsk, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tula regions), Moscow region and Leningrad region, planting of apple trees can take place in the spring And so it is in the spring, healing the weather. It is not always possible to plant young trees at any time, but it is also possible to plant them in the spring and grow them in the spring, without forgetting about the calm period of the gardeners.

How to choose apple trees?

If you wanted to plant apple trees in the garden, then you would be able to select a variety. If you select tree gardens from gifts as garden companions, then it’s not good to boast. To work, if you have to buy apples, you need to stick to simple and practical rules:

• Choose regionalized varieties of apple trees that are suitable for growing in your region. The best place for shopping is, of course, gardening or gardening. Beware of spontaneous markets and dubious sales points, otherwise there is a great risk of buying obscure material and spending pennies for nothing;
• When choosing a variety, pay attention to the hour of fruiting. Summer apples ripen around the sickle, and the usual term for saving (Lungwort, Biliy naliv, Grushivka) appears. Autumn trees ripen with the arrival of spring, and the final period is preserved (Melba, Borovinka, Korean). Winter varieties of apple trees ripen at a later date and are preserved until later (Dekosta, Moskovske Zimove, Bogatir, Antonivka);

in the photo - sales of single-origin apple tree plantations in the retail store in the photo - apple tree gardens, large size

• If you make a purchase, insure the level of groundwater contamination at the time of purchase. Strongly growing trees (up to 7-8 meters) can be planted if the groundwater flow is more than 3 meters, dwarf apple trees - 2.5 meters, dwarf trees - 1.5 meters. A dose of the root system of a fruit tree with groundwater leads to the development of illness, a decrease in yield, and the suppression of dry plants;
• At the earliest age of the garden, 1-2 roots are planted; young trees take root much better. Single apple trees do not have any leaves, while garden ones have 2-3 leaves, which grow at a height of 45-90 degrees;
• When buying, carefully look at the plants, apple gardens with an open root system of the mother's culprit, healthy roots, white color on the rise, roots that are rotten and frozen will have a gray appearance. The root is not to blame for being overdried, and its depth is less than 30 centimeters. In different families, inequalities in the family can be a sign of illness;
• A healthy stem does not have any loose growths; if you scrape the bark a little, you can get a bright green color, otherwise the planting material is unclear.

Rules for planting apple trees

Regardless of fate, the basic principles that gardeners follow when planting apple trees become immutable. Based on the evidence and recommendations of agronomists, planting can be done easily, without harm to the growth:

Select location Under the apple tree, it is necessary to maintain proper soil storage, fire lighting, the presence of large trees in order, and the level of groundwater contamination (not less than 1.5 meters). The main benefits to the soil are fluffiness, acidity, neutral reaction to the soil;

in the photo - apple tree planting in spring

Preparation of planting areas agronomists may carry out plantings 10-14 days before the scheduled planting of trees, the approximate diameter of which is 90-100 centimeters, depth – 0.6-0.7 meters;

The pit will be filled with life-giving soil, What is formed from the rich upper ball of soil, humus, peat, which crosses the pus, . It is important that all components are present, but any of the components can be taken from the obvious ones and mixed with native soil. When growing on clay soils, sand is added. Afterwards it is poured with water;

Adding minerals. Thoughts and advice from scientists, agronomists, and experienced gardeners about the need to stagnate mineral complexes when planting apple trees, otherwise do not bring in much else. The aggressive medium, which is created with a large number of chemical elements, is harmful to the root system of apple seedlings. For immediate use, place superphosphate at the very bottom;

After an hour, settle down, you can start before boarding. A hole is dug behind the size of the root system of the apple tree, a stake is placed before it, then a plant. The root neck of young trees must be 4-5 centimeters above the level of the ground; the ground must be thoroughly trampled down. The tree must be tied up to the knuckle, a simple rule is to protect the young roots from wind and moisture;

After landing, Water the apple trees well Use at least 3-4 glasses of water per plant. Then mulch the soil around the stovbur with a small ball of peat cake or humus;

When planting, the distance between the apple trees should be 4-4.5 meters for vigorous varieties, the rows should be at least 5-6 meters wide. Weak apple trees are planted at a distance of 3.5 meters, dwarf and dwarf, low-growing varieties are planted at a distance of 2.5-3 meters.

The apple tree is an old-timer in Russian gardens, and it’s hard to find a garden plot that could survive without its tree. The apple tree is an inflexible crop, but it has its own nuances.

When is it necessary to plant a tree? How to choose the variety correctly? What kind of apple trees are best suited for the Moscow region? These other foods are often praised by amateur gardeners. If it was not possible to start planting in the spring, it can be done in the autumn, since for apple trees the autumn planting itself is better.

What to pay attention to when choosing a variety

When choosing gardens for planting, carefully consider the following characteristics:

For the middle climatic zone, there is a great variety of choices. Let's take a look at the description of the finest varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region and surrounding areas:

It is necessary to plant a tree in the autumn period if it is calm and there are no leaves, flowers, or fruits. During such hibernation, it is easier for the tree to get used to the new place, get sick and adapt. Planting is carried out from the beginning - in the middle of the harvest, when the soil is still warm and the growth has every chance of improving the root system and its full development until the beginning of spring awakening.

Autumn planting is the best option for the Moscow region and areas with a calm climate.

In regions with short and cold autumns, it is recommended to plant trees in the spring. It is important to plant and plant the plant at least two days before the predicted frosts, so that the tree forms a stable root system. In the Central region with a temperate climate, the temperature is approximately 25 June - 15 June.

For the apple tree, light soil from polluted groundwater is suitable, no closer than two meters. Autumn planting adds a layer of mulch to the soil, which helps to remove the frozen root system. For this you can use organic, environmentally friendly material: mown grass that was lost after harvesting tomatoes and cabbage, compost, thyrsus, wood.

Autumn planting rules

Regardless of whether the variety is summer or late, apple trees can be planted both in the spring and in the spring. Basic rules:

1. Planting is best done immediately after the tree has been planted, since there is no such possibility, the root plant is lowered into water and the clay is soaked in the soil, which allows you to save the water for harvesting.
2. The hole for the young tree is prepared a month before planting, approximately on the ear of the heather.
3. Place drainage at the bottom of the planting hole, for which trimmed (or healthy) branches and tree trimmings are suitable.
4. Before planting, water the hole periodically to allow the soil to settle, which will help to correctly adjust the planting height.
5. The root of a young tree, first lowered into a hole and soaked in water for 5-10 years, to renew the moisture.
6. Having seen the damaged roots, plant the tree in the hole. As they were vikorist, they demanded to be careful so that the stench did not stick out of the middle of the apple tree.
7. A small splinter is placed in the middle of the hole and covered with soil and seedlings. Once the apple tree is planted, tie it up to the planting stake in order to further mince the tree.

During autumn planting, watering does not have to be above-ground, but only during dry weather.

Autumn planting of dwarf varieties

Dwarf varieties of fruit trees have recently appeared, but apple trees are rightfully considered the most important option for the Moscow region. The stinks bring a number of advantages to their great brothers:

1. Simply put, they do not require a lot of space, do not create a lot of darkness, and do not require regular training.
2. Harvesting fruits is difficult.
3. Dwarf apple trees are inflexible to the ground, tolerant of climatic changes, and resistant to damage.
4. With small sizes, the tree is fast-growing and high-yielding, and a wide selection of apple varieties allows you to choose one that suits the skin.

In the Moscow region and in regions with a moderate climate, the optimal period for planting dwarf apple trees is early autumn. A young Sajanian must adapt to the weather, gather the necessary survival reserves that will allow him to survive the cold. Here the hour vibrated politely. First of all, the onset of frost should not occur earlier than two days after planting. In other words, planting an apple tree early is also not recommended, otherwise it will start to grow.

Dwarf trees are not vigorous and do not grow to light, and they are not suitable for heavily shaded plots. The fruits that are saturated with dormouse light will be richly juicy and tender.

It is not a good idea to plant dwarf apple trees in the lowlands, regardless of the fact that they have a superficial root system; the tree cannot tolerate stagnant water and swampiness. If it is not possible to plant a tree at a height, you can use a special piece of curl up to 40 cm.

Popular varieties of dwarf apple trees

Dwarf apples, as well as their “older brothers”, are divided in advance when their fruits reach marketable maturity. Without hesitation I will describe in detail, just a few of the varieties:

1. Early reached (the end of the linden tree - the ear of the sickle): Melba, Tsukerkove - high-yielding (up to 70 kg) frost-resistant varieties, the fruits of which are juicy with savory berries and bottom. Chudove is a mature variety with large dark red-colored apples.
2. The ideal fall apples for the Moscow region are autumn varieties: Sokolivske, Osinne Smugaste, Zhigulivske. Give the first harvest at 3-4 harvests, the fruits will be easy to keep, and will last until the end.
3. Popular winter varieties of dwarf apple trees: Grushivka Podmoskovna, Moskovske Namisto, Bogatir, Prolisok. Developed in a unique way, they have high resistance to cold weather, and rarely suffer from scabs. Fruiting begins early, in line with other varieties, at 5-6 rivers, but the apples develop high burying capacity and can keep their lords quiet until the coming summer.

Here we were given basic recommendations for planting and briefly described the most beautiful varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region. To avoid a rich harvest, it is important to carefully understand the terms and planting techniques, and which type of apple tree will give priority to the skin itself.

Planting of fruit trees - on the right - is thin and consistent, and as a result, they will grow correctly and have a high yield. The skin gardener independently defines the terms of visage. For some it is autumn, but for others it gives precedence to the warm spring.

Planting a garden that will have its own place for different varieties of apple trees begins with the selection of planters and the choice of a place for planting. Nutrition plays a major role when you plant apple trees so that they feel comfortable and suppress the great crops of dead apples.

There are many people who want to plant a fruit tree in the spring, arguing that during the winter the tree will harden, and in the spring it will grow and grow. In the early days of autumn, we can say that rainfall is greater at this hour, and snowfalls will increase in the first days of spring.

Selecting gardenings for autumn planting requires maintaining their resistance to cold weather:

• From early-ripened species, white filling, early licorice, shows its resistance to frost. These varieties can bear fruit 3-4 times after planting near the sickle. Their fruits are cut by displacing the zucchini and juice pulp. They are great for petting, and in the winter the stench becomes useful for making jams and marmalade.
• For those in the middle, you can choose the Uralets with aromatic sour-sweet apples that give off a bright blush.
• From later varieties we have Antonivka. Even though it begins to bear fruit only in the eighth year of life, these yellow-green apples can be preserved for a long time without losing their aroma, juiciness, and sour-sweet taste.
• The Veteran variety withstands frosts up to thirty degrees. It is possible to reach the speed of high yielding species. Lightly hydrated fruits extract juicy pulp from a large portion of the pulp.
• On the cob, the spring will delight you with tasty apples from the Oksamitove variety. It is stable not only until frost, but also until you get sick.
• In winter, the red anise grows during the summer fruiting period. The blush of apples adds its aroma, sweet and sour taste.

The remaining time for planting apple trees is 10 June. It is not possible to plant a fruit tree any later; it would be better to dig it up and leave it until spring. You need to select a place for future plantings ahead of time. Yoma must be prepared two to three months before the Sajants' bath. Dig up with clay up to half a meter, first removing the turf and the upper core of the soil. At the bottom, lay turf soil together with grass, then mix it with leaves to rot.

The main reason for the soil is its good moisture penetration.

Before planting, the garden needs to be soaked in water so that the roots straighten. Proper planting of the tree extends the area of ​​the wood chips above the level of the ground by 5-8 centimeters. Approaching the gardener, they soak up the soil near the hole, watering the leather ball. After planting, the garden needs to be tied up to small bunches so that it can withstand strong winds. The tie should be made of soft material that will not damage the lower bark of the tree.

Stand between the trees and you need to remove a few more meters on the same level. Spring planting is chosen in areas where snow falls early, which can cover young apple trees and protect them from possible frosts.

Planting apple trees in the spring is best in early spring, so that the fruit tree can gain strength before the frost and easily survive the important period of cold weather.

Saplings for spring planting are selected that can survive dry growth and support the damaged root system.

• To vigorously growing varieties, bring the brown smugaste, which pleases with green and yellow fruits, decorated with burgundy smuga, on the cob of heather. The stench is especially enhanced by the rye tender pulp, sweet taste and cinnamon aroma.
• The Miltosh variety is not afraid of frost and dryness; it produces round apples quickly. They collect fruits like spring.
• On the fifth or sixth river of life, the Borovinka begins to bear fruit, which is accompanied by a pleasant relish and juiciness. The apple tree bears fruit at the end of summer and the beginning of autumn.
• The Boyken variety is resistant to dry weather and cold winter. Light green apples are allowed to ripen late, and the stench is preserved for a long time - until spring. A vigorous tree is not afraid of illness.
• The green variety Ranet Simirenko has high dessert fruits. You can save your crops from harvesting the cob of spring until the end of spring.
• Six years after planting, Aport Oleksandr produces its first fruits. The apples are large with dark red flavors, and the pulp has a wonderful sweet taste with a slight sourness.

In the spring, before the meadows have yet blossomed, the planting of apple tree gardens begins. Dig holes from afar, from now until the end of the day. The whole earth, pulled in from the pits, is vikorized when planted. Also add two buckets of humus up to three hundred grams, which consists of superphosphates and potassium salt. Moreover, there are more phosphates, less potassium. When the acidity of the soil increases, it is necessary to add two hundred grams of slaked vapor.

The fertilizer must be mixed with soil before applying it to the pit.

Yard or one-sided gardens can be planted vertically or otherwise, so that the root neck is on level ground or a little bit tall. Having filled the hole with earth, do not forget to gradually chip away at the tree so that the earth is distributed among the roots.

Complete the planting with watering, then rooting. A ball of mulch will help preserve the forest, become a source of life for the growth of trees, and a resource for growth. The main benefit when planting apple trees in the spring is the growth of the roots in front. It is necessary to wipe the tree near the water very close. The development of the rules and terms of planting a fruit tree is important for further growth and full development of the apple tree.

How to keep an eye on the apple tree after planting

Apple trees are invisible to the eye, so you don’t need to know how to pluck them after planting:

1. Before the fruiting period, it is important to keep an eye on the stem stake, which will increase in size. You should wash it under mulch in dry summers, and under steam in vologa. A ball of pus, humus ten centimeters deep, is laid in the snow, and dug up in the spring, buried in the soil with a shovel. The mulch should not be placed close to the tree trunk, otherwise it will rot.
2. Replacing the stake under the steam imparts fluffing to the soil and digging in the spring by adding nutrients. Additional additives are applied during the growing season in the form of bird afterbirth, diluted with water in a ratio of 1:3. It’s important to rub the ingredients on the doba – three times more microorganisms needed by the plant. Prepare the tree before blooming the branches, and after flowering, pour the goodness over the entire area of ​​the stem. Before the annual wedding, water the garden.
3. Water the tree at the beginning of its life up to six times per summer, then reduce the amount of water. Treat one tree with five to seven buckets of water at a time.
4. In order for the tree to bear fruit, it needs a lot of growth. This will help in shortening the heels to the closest legs. It is not necessary for all apple trees, but for those in which the shoots are poorly developed. Shorten the same legs by one third. In due course, reduce the level of pruning and stop it when the tree begins to bear fruit. This is where crown thinning comes in, if defective, damaged hairs are removed.
5. To get rid of the sleepy opiki from the birch tree, the zhovtnі.
6. In winter, the apple tree is covered with snow.

An apple tree, like a child, in the first stages of life will require more diligent respect for itself, and then it will need to trim the crown of the tree, avoid illnesses and harm.

More information can be found in the video:

Breeders will soon replenish the State Register with new varieties of apple trees. However, in our gardens there are still varieties that have lost their significance and are giving way to new ones. Today we will talk about those apple trees that are likely to grow in the garden, and those that can be grown without regret.

So, summer paperwork Despite their high winter hardiness and early maturity, they do not bear fruit quickly, the apple cannot bear the transported and overly sour taste, so this variety is not of interest for further propagation. Or take the Canadian variety Quinti.

The wine does not resist scabs, is not winter-hardy enough, and the fruits do not ripen overnight. Why is this variety needed? And the axis is a late variety Melba Canadian gait Although it is not strong enough to scab, it has won a place in amateur gardens for the amazing taste of apples.

Incredibly, with great respect, two new varieties of apple trees are deserved, which were bred by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Selection of Fruit Crops. VNDISVK), - Orlinka and early scarlet. Early, productive variety Orlinka In terms of winter hardiness and resistance to scab, it surpasses Melba. The Early Scarlet variety has winter hardiness, early maturation, productivity, and even beautiful fruits.

One of the widest autumn varieties of folk selection Autumn Smugaste for gardens of an intensive type, unsuitable due to the large size of the trees, late entry into the fruiting season, and low dryness. You can successfully replace this variety Orlovske sugaste selection of VNIISPK, which has early maturity, productivity, beautiful and savory fruits. No wonder this variety of doors is at international exhibitions Erfurt winning gold medals

An old, expanded variety of folk selection Korichne sugaste Also unsuitable for the development of intensive type gardens, as it is difficult to enter at the time of fruiting, it is characterized by insufficiently high yield and unpalatable, although tasty, fruits.

In the midst of apple trees during the winter period of ripening, the fruits are rich in positive fruits and bear a popular variety of folk selection Antonivka Zvichaina. However, this also has shortcomings: the non-trivial term of preserving fruits, the periodicity of fruiting is sharply pronounced, and the sapiness of apples is affected when saving.

The important little ones, as well as those that Antonivka grows even more in the skin garden, were more likely to be deprived of one tree when new plantings are planted under it.

In a very wide variety Pepin saffron Along with the positive benefits, fruits and apple trees often fall ill with scab, so it is not good for them to grow on their farm. Variety Memory Michurina It is also not recommended to “prescribe” in gardens, as the remaining wine yields a small harvest.

Due to unpalatable and often untasty fruits, the urinary synapse can be successfully replaced with Sinap Orlovsky. In the grade Wales The American approach lacks high winter hardiness, apples are easily crushed and dry before being picked. This means that the time has come to joke about my day’s replacement.

For new plantings, the following winter varieties are recommended: Bogatir, Veteran, Orlik, Sinap Orlovsky, Kulikovske, Memory of the War, Memory of Semakin, Renet Chernenko.

For amateur gardens there is great interest in creating Immune (absolutely resistant) to scabby apple varieties, first created in Russia at VNIISPK and included in the State Register of Breeding Accessions: Bolotivske, Venyaminivske, Zdorovya, Imrus, Kandil Orlovsky, Kurnakivske, Orlovska Polissya, Pamyati Khitrove, Rizd vyane, Freshness, Sonechko, Start. Choose for your plot a number of different apple varieties according to the ripening period (summer, autumn, winter)!

The assortment of apple trees can be expanded only by planting young trees or by chipping..

For splitting vicorous trees up to the 15th century of the next unpromising, but winter-hardy varieties: Grushivka moskovska, Borovinka, Anis serii, Anis red, Chinese, as well as trees of cultivated varieties (not varietals) and from advanced forms, about grown-ups.

In this manner, you will quickly update the assortment.

E. Sedov, Doctor of Social Sciences Sciences Z. Serova, Candidate of Social Sciences sciences

Our region has a lot of successor gardeners who are obsessed with the idea of ​​checking all varieties. It's practically impossible to do anything. They also have collections of 50-60 varieties of apples, 30-40 varieties of pears and other crops. The colossal evidence of these devotees does not reach the majority of summer residents. Therefore, I propose to create a “People’s Pomological Commission” to evaluate fruit and berry crops that grow in different regions, and regularly provide this information on the pages of the “Dachnitsa” newspaper.

When trying out new varieties of gardeners, it is important to look for yield, winter hardiness, taste, appearance, keeping quality, drizziness, uniformity of fruits, etc. Ale is always suitable for garden plots There are varieties that grow mainly for commercial gardening. For the rest, for example, it is very important that you can carry out the birth in an instant. And for the summer resident, melodiously, more beautifully, as the summer apple tree does not bear fruit in a week, but in the next month trims it on its palms. For example, the variety Streifling (Autumn Smugaste) has long been written off due to its overly voluminous crown and late entry into fruiting. You won't find Streifling's sajants anywhere. And among the people, this variety is still alive today. Grandmothers proudly sell large, rich fruits with a wonderful taste in the markets and charge the best price for them on par with Zhigulivsky. This tree is more durable - it survived after the severe frosts of the winter of 1978/79. Streifling's harvest is great, sometimes magnificent.

Summer varieties

Of the summer varieties, I was immediately inspired by the Perlinne variety. The wood chips in my garden have been seriously damaged by the napkins. This frost resistance is low.

Chervone was planted as a tree early and died. And the chipping of the crown of the Daughter Papiruvannya variety is not very reliable, it develops poorly and produces few fruits.

The melba is already being damaged by the sun's leaves, and the growths on the other side are feeling the frost. Wanting to grow up, Melby is still deprived of her high life. Otherwise, the damage to the crops will accumulate and, perhaps, the yield will fall and the tree will die.

Moscow pear, unimportant on its large shortcomings (severe infestation of fruits, leaves with scab, and high-volume crown) is a reliable variety. The tree is durable, the fruit comes from the hedgehog and is suitable for all types of processing.

Arcade of reds smells of licorice, but is very affected by scab.

Varieties Mantet, Golden Summer, Daughter of Papirovka, Quinti, Tsukerkov, Lipneve Chernenko deservedly gain popularity among specialist gardeners and summer residents.

Autumn varieties

Of the eleven varieties that I have seen and respect, there is no sense in planting the varieties of Anise Chervoniy, Akaevskaya Krasunya, Bashkir Krasnya and Borovinka through the low, savory fruits. In Anise, the fruits sag when ripe and become very scabby. Among these varieties, the ancient variety Korichne Smugaste is becoming unpopular. This few trees have a crownless crown, fruiting mainly on the periphery of the crown, the fruits on the tree are pecked by birds and eaten by wasps.

The varieties Kuybishevska osinny, Shtreifling, Orlovske sugaste, Glory to the victories, Bellfleur kuibishevsky deserve a lot of credit for being planted in the country. The slightly winter-hardy Oryol smogaste and Glory to the weather, ale garni for relish and color. It is better to pinch their petioles into the crown of a winter-hardy skeletal plant.

Winter varieties

The Antonivka variety was originally one of the finest varieties, but the times have changed. Some, as before, love it, while others call it “kosorilivka” due to the acidity of the fruit. In the Samara region, Antonivka is experiencing bad weather due to the dry weather. There is little fruit and it is rotten to lie, but it happens to rot on the tree, as, for example, whose fate is. Antonivka is suitable for the humid climate of the central regions of Russia.

Anis also creates his own positions. The fruits are no longer juicy, the stench is very strong and scabbed.

In the Velsi variety in our region, the bark of the trunk and skeletal branches are covered with dormouse. Therefore, trees are not very durable and will die within 10-15 years.

The varieties Spartan, Orlik, Kulikovske, Zhigulivske, Kuibishevske, Lobo, Utyos, Vishneva, Antonivka are especially high-growing (Crime Lobo) and winter-hardy.

Late winter varieties

Among them, I rejected two varieties.

In Russia the fruits are bitter and are heavily affected by scab.

Seedling King has poor winter hardiness, and the stalks and fruit brunettes are drying out. The productivity rate is very low. Apples are severely affected by scab.