Starry sky: PowerPoint presentation. Star Sky Presentation on Astronomy Starry Sky
Presentation on the theme "Starry Sky" on astronomy in PowerPoint format. Perfectly illustrated and filled with interesting facts about stars and constellations. The authors of the presentation: Erofeev Roman and Boriushkin Vladimir, graders 11 students.
Fragments from the presentation
In the cloudless and funny night, about 3000 stars could be distinguished from settlements. The entire celestial area contains about 6000 stars visible to the naked eye.
The most famous group of stars in the northern hemisphere - Basch big bear.
Astronomers of antiquity divided the starry sky to the constellation. Most of the constellations named during the times of Hippark and Ptolemy, has the names of animals or the heroes of the myths.
Thousands of years ago, the bright stars were conditionally connected to the figures that were called constellations.
In 1603, Johann Bayer began to denote the bright stars of each constellation with the letters of the Greek alphabet (α alpha), (β beta), (γ gamma), (ε delta) and so on, in descending order of their gloss. These designations are used so far.
The constellation is called a section of the celestial sphere whose boundaries are defined by a special decision of the International Astronomical Union (MAC). In total, in the heavenly sphere - 88 constellations.
The brightest stars have their own names.
The constellation is a big bear can serve as a good assistant to memorize the brightest stars of the Northern Hemisphere.
In the bush, a large bear is easy to determine the northern direction.
Prior to the invention of the compass, the star was the main guidelines: it was all the ancient seurrets and travelers found the desired direction. Astronautics (orienteering of the stars) has kept its meaning and in our age of satellites and atomic energy. It is necessary for the navigations and cosmonauts, captains and pilotnagovation names are called 25 brightest stars, which determine the location of the ship.
Ptolemy Claudius (approx. 90 - approx. 160), ancient Greek scientist, the last major astronomer of antiquity. Constructed special astronomical instruments: astronomy, the army sphere, trikulter. Described the position of 1022 stars. The Ptolemy system is set out in its main work "Almagest" ("Great Mathematical Building Astronomy in the XIII Books") - Encyclopedia of Astronomical Knowledge of Ancients. Astronomers of antiquity divided the starry sky to the constellation. Most of the constellations named during the times of Hippark and Ptolemy, has the names of animals or the heroes of the myths. Hipparch (approx. 180 or 190 - 125 BC), ancient Greek astronomer, one of the founders of astronomy. Compiled a star catalog of 850 stars, recorded their brightness with the help of the star magnitudes entered by them. All stars he distributed 28 constellations.
Thousands of years ago, bright stars were conditionally connected to the figures, which called the constellations of the constellation "Snakers" and "Snake" from the Atlas of Flemstide.
Images of constellations from ancient atlas Gevelia "Taurus" "Kit" "Cassiopeia"
Prior to the invention of the compass, the star was the main guidelines: it was all the ancient travelers and the seurrets found the desired direction. Astronautics (orienteering of the stars) has kept its meaning and in our age of satellites and atomic energy. It is necessary for navigator and cosmonauts, captains and pilots. Navigational names are called 25 brightest stars, which determine the location of the ship.
Interestingly, only in 58 constellations the brightest stars are called α (alpha). In 13 constellations the brightest stars - β (beta), and in some others - and other letters of the Greek alphabet. The largest sizes have the constellation of hydra (1303 square degrees). The smallest sizes have the Southern Cross constellation (68 square degrees). The largest sizes from the visible in the northern hemisphere has a constellation a large bear (1280 square degrees). The largest number of stars brighter than the second star magnitude contains the Orion constellation - 5 stars. The largest amount of stars brighter than the fourth star magnitude contains the constellation Big Malar - 19 stars.
Astronomers of antiquity divided the starry sky to the constellation.
Most of the constellations called in times of hyphard and
Ptolemy, has the names of animals or heroes of myths.
Hypoche (approx. 180 or 190 - 125 BC),
ancient Greek astronomer
One of the founders of astronomy.
Compiled a star catalog of 850 stars,
fixed their brightness with
The star magnitudes entered by them.
All stars he distributed 28 constellations.
Ptolemy Claudius (approx. 90 - approx. 160),
ancient Greek scientist
The last major astronomer of antiquity.
Constructed special astronomicals
Tools: Astronomy, Private Sphere,
trickurce. Described the position of 1022 stars.
The Ptolemy system is set out in its main
Labor "Almagest" ("Great Mathematical
Building astronomy in the XIII books ") -
Encyclopedia of astronomical knowledge of the ancients.
in the figures that called constellations
For a long time under the constellation understood the group of stars
The constellation "Snakers" and "Snake" from the Atlas of Flemstide. Claudius Ptolemy
In the work "Almagest"
("Great
Mathematical
Building
Astronomy in XIII
books ", II century n. er)
Ancient Greek
Astronomer Claudius
Ptolemy mentions
48 constellations. it
Big Dipper
and small bear
Dragon, swan,
Eagle, Taurus, Scales and
Dr. Constellation
Large
Maternity. Seven
Bright stars of this
Constellation
make up
Big bucket
two extremes
Stars of this
Figures a and h
Can be found
Polar star.
Most
Favorable
conditions
Visibility in Marta
- April. Fragment of Atlas A. Cellaryus with
Image of constellations Images of constellations
from the ancient Atlas Gevelia
"Calf"
"Cassiopeia"
"Whale" Cassiopeia constellation.
Engraving from Atlas
Yana Gevelia
Cassiopeia constellation
In the presentation
Belorusov Now, under the constellation, the site of the heavenly sphere is understood,
borders of which are determined by a special solution
International Astronomical Union (MAS).
In total, in the heavenly sphere - 88 constellations. In 1603, Johann Bayer began signing bright stars
Each constellation with letters of the Greek alphabet:
α (alpha), β (beta), γ (gamma), δ (delta) and so on,
In descending order of their shine.
These designations are used so far. The visible annual path of the Sun passes through thirteen constellations, ranging from
Points of spring equinox:
Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Lev, Virgo, Scales, Scorpio, Snakec, Sagittarius,
Capricorn, Aquarius, Fish.
On an ancient tradition, only twelve of them are called zodiacal.
The constellation of the serpent to zodiacal constellations are not counted.
Zodiac constellations. Book of characters.
The brightest stars have their own names Prior to the invention of the compass, the star was the main guidelines: it is for themAncient travelers and seaworthy found the desired direction.
Astronaviting (stars orientation) has kept its meaning and in our
Century cosmic and atomic energy.
It is necessary for navigator and cosmonauts, captains and pilots.
Navigation called 25 brightest stars,
With which the location of the ship is determined. The most famous group of stars in the northern hemisphere -
Basch big bear In the north of the sky
You can find polar
Star. It seems that all her
Rates around it. On the
really around your
axis rotates land with
west to east, and the whole
The sky rotates B.
reverse direction S.
East to west. Polar
Star for a given
The terrain remains almost
still and on one and
the same height over
horizon. It's obvious that
Daily movement of stars
(Light) - Observed
Apparent phenomenon
Rotation of heavenly vault
- reflects valid
Rotation of the globe
around the axis.
Daily
Arc SveTIl
in polar
Region
and no gravitationally bound group form NORTH HEMISPHERE
So looks like
Star Atlas
North
Hemisphere
Heavenly sphere
The main points, lines and planes of the celestial sphere.
The main points, lines and planes of the celestial sphere
- Heavenly sphere;- sheer (vertical line);
- Zenit, Nadir;
- True (mathematical) horizon;
- vertical circle (twin vertical);
- the axis of the world, the South Pole, the North Pole of the World;
- Circle of decline, daily parallel;
- Heavenly Meridian, points of the North, South, West, East;
- midday line;
- EKDIPTIC Heavenly Sphere is an imaginary sphere.
A large radius, in the center of which is the observer.
On the heavenly sphere
Stars are projected
Sun, moon, planet.
The properties of the heavenly sphere:
Center of the heavenly sphere
It is selected arbitrarily.
For each observer -
your center and observers
Maybe a lot.
Corner measurements on
The sphere does not depend on it
radius. Stars constituting the bucket of a big bear
in space are located very far from each other
and no bound group does not form
alpha
beta
gamma
delta
Epsilon
Dzeta
this The sheer line crosses the surface of the celestial sphere in two points:
In the upper z - Zenith and Lower Z "- Nadir. The plane passing through the center of the heavenly sphere and
perpendicular sheer line called
Mathematical (true) horizon.
Mathematical planes
horizon and heavenly
Meridian intersect in
direct NS, called
midday line (in this
The direction is discarded
shadow objects illuminated
Sun, at noon).
Point
Point
NN.
- point
- point
north.
north.
Point S - point of the south. The axis of the visible rotation of the heavenly sphere is called the axis of the world.
The axis of the world crosses the heavenly sphere at points R & R "- the poles of the world.
Celestial sphere
The view of the starry sky depends on the latitude of the observation location.Only half of the celestial sphere is visible on the ground poles.
At the Earth Equator during the year you can see all constellations.
In medium latitudes, part of the stars are suitable, part - non-existence,
The rest go beyond and enter every day. Heavenly Equator is called a big circle,
Perpendicular axis of the world.
Celestial equator
intersects
Mathematical
horizon at points
East E and West W. Great circle of heaven sphere passing through Zenit, North Pole
Peace, Nadir and South Poles of the World called Heavenly Meridian
Mathematical planes
horizon and heavenly
Meridian intersect in
direct NS, called
midday line (in this
The direction is discarded
shadow objects illuminated
Sun, at noon).
Point
Point
NN.
- point
- point
north.
north.
Point S - point of the south. The position of the luminaries on the celestial sphere is determined
Equatorial coordinates
Circle of declination - a big circle
Heavenly sphere
through the poles of the world and the observed
light.
Daily parallel - Small circle
Heavenly sphere
Through the poles of the world and shining.
The declination of the shone (δ) is an angular
Distance from the plane of heavenly
Equator measured along the circle
Declination.
Direct climbing (α) - corner
Distance countdown from point
Spring equinox
Heavenly Equator aside,
Opposite daily
Rotate the heavenly sphere.
Equatorial coordinate system Ecliptic is the visible annual path of the Sun Disc Center for the Heavenly Sphere.
The movement of the sun by ecliptic is caused by the annual movement of the earth around the sun.
The center of the solar disk crosses the heavenly equator twice a year - in March and in September.
Mutual location of heavenly equator and ecliptic
Ecliptic
Visible annual waySun.
It is called among stars
Ecliptic.
In the plane of ecliptic
Lies the way
Earth around the Sun, i.e.
Its orbit. She is inclined
to heavenly equator under
Angle 23 ° 26 "and crosses
Its at the points of the Spring
(Taurus, about
March 21) and autumn
(Scales, around September 23)
Equinox.
The main conclusions
Constellation - Sky section with characteristicobserved grouping of stars and other
constantly in it astronomical
Objects allocated for convenience
Orientation and observation of stars.
Star quantity scale proposed
Hypoch, allows you to distinguish the stars by
His brilliance.
The observed daily movement of stars is
Reflection of the actual rotation of the Earth
around your axis.
Heavenly Sphere - Imaginary Sphere
arbitrary radius centered in the selected
Point of space.
The visible annual way of the sun among the stars
called ecliptic.
Total test
1 option
1. Astronomy is ...
a) the maximum large area of \u200b\u200bspace, which includes all accessible to the study of heavenly bodies and their systems;
b) science on the structure, movement, origin and development of the celestial bodies, their systems and the whole universe as a whole;
c) science learning the laws of the structure of matter, bodies and their systems;
2. 1 Astronomical unit is equal to ...
3. The main source of knowledge about the celestial bodies, processes and phenomena occurring in the universe are ...
a) measurements; b) observations; c) experience; d) calculations.
4. In the dark moonful night in the sky can be seen about
25000 stars.
5. The celestial sphere was conditionally divided into ...
a) 100 constellations; b) 50 constellations; c) 88 constellations; d) 44 constellations.
6. Not applicable to zodic constellations ...
a) Aries; b) cancer; c) Aquarius; d) big dog.
7. The axis of the world crosses the heavenly sphere at points that are called ..
8. The plane passing through the center of the celestial sphere and perpendicular to the sheer line is called ...
a) the physical horizon; b) mathematical horizon;
c) zodiac belt; d) Equator.
9. The period of circulation of the moon around the earth relative to the stars is called ...
10. Phases of the moon are repeated through ....
11. In 1516, N. Kopernik substantiated the Heliocentric system of the structure of the world, which is based on the following statement:
a) the sun and stars are moving around the Earth;
b) the planets move through the sky loop-like;
c) planets, including land, moving around the Sun;
Heavenly sphere revolves around the earth.
12. Which scientists discovered the laws of motion of the planets?
a) galilers; b) Copernicus; c) Kepler; d) Newton.
13. Horizontal parallax increased. How has the distance to the planet changed?
a) increased; b) decreased; B) has not changed.
14. What planets can be in confrontation?
a) bottom; b) upper; c) only Mars; d) only Venus.
15. Upper planets include:
16. Corner removal of the planet from the sun is called ...
a) compound; b) configuration; c) elongation; d) quadrature.
17. The period of time during which the planet makes a complete turn around the sun in orbit, is called ...
18. With oriental elongation, the inner planet is visible on ...
a) west; b) east; c) north; d) south.
19. The first law of Kepler, says that:
20. The angle under which the lamp was visible to the land radius is called ...
a) Western elongation; b) Eastern elongation;
c) horizontal parallax; d) vertical parallax.
21. Which grouping of stars on the Herzshppung-Russell diagram is the sun?
a) into the sequence of supergiant;
b) into the sequence of subcarlic;
c) to the main sequence;
22. What is the color of the star spectral class k?
a) white; b) orange; c) Yellow; d) blue.
23. The sun produces energy by ...
a) nuclear reactions; b) thermonuclear reactions;
d) the speed of the atomic nuclei; d) radiation.
24. The sun consists of helium on ...
25. The law of Stefan-Boltzmann - ....
a) b) 
; c) d).
26. Spots and torches in the Sun are formed in ...
a) the zone of thermonuclear reactions (kernel);
b) zone of radiant energy;
c) convective zone;
d) photosphere.
27. The magnetic field of the Sun changes its direction every ...
28. The sun belongs to the spectral class ...
a) f; b) g; c) k; d) M.
29. Stars, the duality of which is detected by deviations in the movement of a bright star under the action of an invisible satellite, are called ...
c) astrometrically double; d) spectral-double.
30. When all nuclear fuel inside the star flashes, the process begins ...
a) gradual expansion; b) gravitational compression;
c) the formation of protocol; d) star ripples.
Total test
Option 2
1. The Universe is ...
a) science on the structure, movement, origin and development of the celestial bodies, their systems and the whole universe as a whole;
b) science examining the laws of the structure of matter, bodies and their systems;
c) the maximum large area of \u200b\u200bspace, which includes all accessible to the study of heavenly bodies and their systems;
d) Science of matter, its properties and movement is one of the most ancient scientific disciplines.
2. 1 PC (Parsek) is equal to ...
a) 150 million km; b) 3.26 sv. years; c) 1 sv. year; d) 100 million km.
3. Optical telescope in which a lens system called the lens is used for the collection of light, is called ...
a) reflector; b) refractor; c) radio telescope; d) Hubble.
4. All heavenly sphere contains about ...
a) 3000 stars; b) 2500 stars; c) 6000 stars; d) 25000 stars.
5. The most dull stars (on the hypoche) have ...
a) 1 star magnitude; b) 2 star magnitude;
c) 5 star magnitude; d) 6 star magnitude.
6. The visible annual path of the center of the solar disk on the celestial sphere is called ...
a) Heavenly Equator; b) ecliptic;
c) Heavenly Meridian; d) zodiac belt.
7. The sheer line crosses the heavenly sphere in two points, which are called ...
a) zenith and nadir; b) the poles of the world;
c) points of spring and autumn equinox; d) climax.
8. The axis of the visible rotation of the heavenly sphere is called ...
a) a sheer line; b) equator;
c) the axis of the world; d) Heavenly Meridian.
9. The time interval between the two sequential phases of the moon is called ...
a) synodic month; b) lunar month;
c) the Siderician month; d) Sunny month.
10. The moon returns to the same unit of the moon orbit through ...
a) 29.53 days; b) 27,21 days; c) 346, 53 days; d) 24,56 days.
11. What orbits are planets moving?
a) circular; b) hyperbolic; c) elliptical; d) parabolic.
12. How do the conversion periods of the planets with the removal of them from the Sun?
a) do not change; b) decrease; c) increase.
13. The first space speed is:
a) the speed of the circle for a given distance relative to the center;
b) the speed of movement on Parabola relative to the center;
c) circular speed for the earth's surface;
d) Parabolic speed for the surface of the Earth.
14. When the land due to its one-year orbit movement closest to the sun?
in the summer; b) in perihelia; c) in winter; d) in Aflia.
15. Lower planets include:
a) Mercury, Venus, Mars; b) Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune;
c) Venus and Mars; d) Mercury and Venus.
16. The characteristic locations of the planets regarding the Sun are called ...
a) compounds; b) configurations; c) elongations; d) squares.
17. When the angular distance of the planet from the Sun is 90 0, then the planet is in ...
a) compound; b) configurations; c) elongation; d) quadrature.
18. The time interval between the two identical configurations of the planet is called ...
a) the siderial period; b) the synodic period.
19. The second law of Kepler, says that:
a) each planet moves along the ellipse, in one of the focus of which the sun is located;
b) the radius-vector of the planet in equal intervals describes equal areas;
c) Squares of systemic periods of appeals of two planets belong as cubes of large semi-axes of their orbits.
20. The third clarified Newton law of Kepler is used mainly to determine ...
a) distances; b) period; c) mass; d) radius.
21. One-year parallax serves for:
a) determination of the distance to the nearest stars;
b) determination of the distance to the planets;
c) the distances of the earth for the year;
d) proof of the limb of the speed of light.
22. The difference in the species of the spectra of the stars is determined primarily ...
a) age; b) temperature;
c) luminosity; d) size.
23. The mass of the sun on the whole mass of the solar system is ...
a) 99.866%; b) 31, 31%; c) 1, 9891%; d) 27.4%.
24. The sun consists of hydrogen on ...
a) 71%; b) 27%; at 2%; d) 85%.
25. The law of wine - ...
a) b) ; c) d).
26. In the center of the Sun is ...
a) the zone of thermonuclear reaction (kernel);
b) zone of radiant energy;
c) convective zone;
d) atmosphere.
27. The period of activity of the Sun is ...
a) 12 years; b) 36 years; c) 11 years; d) 100 years.
28. The star luminosity is called ...
a) total energy emitted by a star per unit of time;
b) the visible star magnitude that a star would have if it were from us at a distance of 10 pcs;
c) full energy is resilient during the existence;
d) Visible Star Value.
29. If the plane of the stars circulation around their common center of the masses passes through the eye of the observer, then such stars are ...
a) visual-double; b) elaborate double;
c) elaborate double; d) spectral-double.
30. In the stationary state, the star on the Herzshppung-Russell diagram is located on ...
a) the main sequence; b) into the sequence of supergiant;
c) into the sequence of subcarlic;
d) into the sequence of white dwarfs.
Answers to test work.
1 option
OPTION 2
