How much did the orders of victory been released and how many people were they awarded? Some of the foreigners were awarded the Order of Victory Victory List awarded.
The Order of the victory is the highest military award of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics created for awarding the highest command formulation of the Red Army for successful operations on the front or several fronts.
Dimensions Star - 72 mm. Weight - 78
Materials diamonds - 16 carats, rubies - 25 carats, platinum - 47 g, gold - 2 g, silver - 19 g.
Artist Kuznetsov Alexander Ivanovich.
Who is awarded higher Command Makeup of the Red Army.
Base award Successful preparation and holding of offensive operations in the front of the front, which entailed significant changes in the situation in favor of the Red Army.
Cavalers of Victory Order
The award was established on November 8, 1943, at the same time its statute and description were approved. The first cavalsters of the Order "Victory" became Zhukov, Vasilevsky and Stalin for the liberation of the Right Bank of Ukraine. All three first cavaliers of the Order will be presented to this reward again in 1945. The Order of Victory was awarded 20 times, the first cavalier of the Order among the countries of the Allies was the general of the US Army Dwight Eisenhuer. The last hand of the Order was 20.02.1978. Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev became Kavaler, after his death, this award was canceled as a contrary to the Statute of the Order. List of cavaliers of the Victory Order Looks like: Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich (twice), Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich (twice), Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich (Double), Konev Ivan Stepanovich, Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich, Malinovsky Rodion Yakovlevich, Tolbukhin Fedor Ivanovich, Timoshenko Semyon Konstantinovich, Antonov Aleksey Innokentievich, Dwight Eisenhower, Bernard Montgomery, Mihai I Gogyenzollerne-Zigmaringen, Mikhal Roli-Zimersky, Metskov Kirill Afanasyevich, Josip Broz Tito, Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich (canceled after his death).
Description of other Awards of the Second World War USSR: The Order of Lenin The highest award of the USSR of which was awarded both individuals and enterprises, institutions, organizations and order Suvorov award for the command staff for offensive operations.
Order victory in the USSR award system
The Supreme Military Order, in its status, is over any USSR reward.
award
junior award
Order Great "Victory"
After the victory in the Kursk arc, the Red Army moved into counteroffensive. From this point on, the military initiative fully belonged to the Soviet Union, the final victory was the matter of time. During one of the meetings in the Kremlin, Stalin expressed the wish to create new awards, which will fully reflect the spirit of the coming victory over Germany, the result of this proposal was the emergence of the Order "Victory".
In the autumn of 1943, the first sample of the Victory Order was developed by Kuznetsov Alexander Ivanovich, who, after the wishes expressed by Joseph Vissarionic Stalin, was finalized and approved in the current form.
The Order "Victory" - a five-pointed ruby \u200b\u200bstar with a brilliant brilliant, in the center of the Kremlin wall with the Mausoleum of Lenin and the Spasskaya Tower, the circle is crushed by a wreath of laurels and oak leaves, downstairs "victory" at the top of the USSR, under the star Dissolving rays from diamonds.
At the moment, all the presented orders are victory in museums and are the most valuable exhibits. The estimated cost of the Victory Order among collectors is over ten million euros.
In 1943, the world-famous Order of Victory was established, which is the highest USSR. He was a five-pointed star with a round medallion where Spasskaya can be seen is not just an order, but a unique product consisting of five and 174 diamonds (16 carats). In addition, such expensive materials such as gold (2 g), platinum (47 g) and silver (19 g), as well as enamel, were used for its manufacture. At the moment, the Order "Victory" is among the most expensive Soviet awards. In addition, it is considered the second by rarity after the Soviet Order "For the Service of the Motherland" of the I degree.
Order of Victory: History of Creation, Cavalers
Initially, profile bas-reliefs Stalin and Lenin should be placed on the Order "Victory". Nevertheless, Stalin decided to place an image of the Spasskaya Tower on it. The Order "Victory" planned to decorate with natural rubies, but since it was impossible to choose specimens that would withstand a single color background, it was decided to take advantage of artificial stones. The initial name of the Order was changed and the initial name of the Order - "For loyalty to the Motherland". Renamed the award all the same Stalin, although the author of the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating the specified Order was Colonel N. Neelov. Sketch of the Order created an artist A. Kuznetsov.
In total, 20 copies of the Order "Victory" were handed. The first award took place in 1944. As a rule, they were awarded to them the highest general for the successful conduct of large-scale military operations. Most of the cavaliers of the named Order were outstanding historical personalities. In particular, the Order "Victory" was awarded (twice), I. Stalin (twice), I. Konev, K. Rokossovsky, A. Antonov, D. Eisenhower, B. Montgomery, I. Tito and L. Brezhnev (was deprived Order in 1989). Foreign citizens were awarded as allies in the fight against Germany. In the Kremlin Palace, there is even a memorial plaque, where the names of all the cavaliers of the order described are listed.
How much is the Order of Victory?
A unique work of art, an important cultural and historical value, over Nazism is all the characteristics of the awards of the Order of the Victory, the cost of which is almost impossible to evaluate. After all, only the price of the material is currently equal to the amount of $ 100 thousand.
Therefore, it is not surprising that in the private collection there is only one order of "victory". His cavalier was the Romanian king of Mihai I. By the way, he is the only one of the cavaliers of the Order who remained alive. Nevertheless, in the 50s of the twentieth century, his award was sold to the Rockefeller family for $ 1 million. It is still unknown, whether this unique reward was purchased from Mikhaya himself (in 1947 for 48 hours he was forced to emigrate from Romania Only with one suitcase) or the family of Cheresski, who has swam the regalia from the king. Mihai himself denies the fact of selling the Order. Whatever it was, but after some time, Rockefellers put the Order "Victory" at the Sotheby's auction. As a result, it was sold for $ 2 million.
S.S. Shishkov, an expert on Soviet awards, confident that if the Order of the Victory reaffirm on the auction auction, then its cost will be at least $ 20 million.
How much did the orders of victory been released and how many people were they awarded?
- The Order of the Victory Order of the Times of the Great Patriotic War, who were awarded the highest military leaders who made a significant contribution to victory. In total in 19441945 there were 19 awards by this Order. From sixteen cavaliers (three awarded twice) 10 Marshals of the Soviet Union, one army general and 5 foreigners.
February 20, 1978 The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a decree to award the Secretary-General of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Chairman of the USSR Council of Defense Marshal of the Soviet Union L. I. Brezhnev, thereby rudely violating the Statute of the Order
List of cavaliers Order
Twice
Vasilevsky, Alexander Mikhailovich: April 10, 1944, April 19, 1945
Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich: April 10, 1944, March 30, 1945
Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich: July 29, 1944, 26 June 1945Once
Konev, Ivan Stepanovich: March 30, 1945
Rokossovsky, Konstantin Konstantinovich: March 30, 1945
Malinovsky, Rodion Yakovlevich: April 26, 1945
Tolbukhin, FDDOR Ivanovich: April 26, 1945
Govorov, Leonid Aleksandrovich: May 31, 1945
Tymoshenko, Semen Konstantinovich: June 4, 1945
Antonov, Alexey Innokentievich: June 4, 1945
Meretkov, Kirill Afanasyevich: September 8, 1945
Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich (award was awarded on February 20, 1978, canceled on September 21, 1989.
Foreign Cavalera
Bernard Montgomery (United Kingdom): June 5, 1945
Dwight Eisenhower (USA): June 5, 1945
Mihai I (King Romania): July 6, 1945
Mikhal Roli-Zimeter (Poland): August 9, 1945
Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia): September 9, 1945 - For the entire existence of the Order of 20 of its copies, 17 of its cavaliers were handed.
On April 10, 1944, the names of the three first cavaliers of the Order of the Victory were known. The owner of the sign 1 was the commander of the 1 Ukrainian front of the Marshal of the Soviet Union G. K. Zhukov. Sign 2 received the head of the General Staff Marshal of the Soviet Union A. M. Vasilevsky. The Order of the "Victory" 3 was awarded the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Marshal of the Soviet Union I. V. Stalin. All of them are marked as high awards for the liberation of the Right Bank of Ukraine. The following awards went only in a year: March 30, 1945 Kavalers of the Order were the commander of the 2 Belarusian Front of the Marshal of the Soviet Union K. K. Rokossovsky - for the liberation of Poland, and the commander of 1 Ukrainian Front Marshal of the Soviet Union I. S. Konev - for the liberation of Poland and Forcing Oder. On April 26, the list was replenished by two more names - commander of the 2 Ukrainian front of Marshal Soviet Union R. Ya. Malinovsky and commander of the 3 Ukrainian front of Marshal Soviet Union F. I. Tolbukhina. Both were awarded for liberation in heavy, bloody battles of the territories of Hungary and Austria. On May 31, the Kavaler of the Order was the commander of the Leningrad Front Marshal of the Soviet Union L. A. Govorov - for the liberation of Estonia. By the same decree, the Marshal of the Soviet Union, the Marshal of the Soviet Union, the Marshal of the Soviet Union, the Marshal of the Soviet Union, the Marshal of the Soviet Union. Vasilevsky was awarded the first victory: the first to take Berlin, the second - for the capture of Königsberg and the liberation of Eastern Prussia . On June 4, the Order of the "Victory" awarded the two "Moscow" military leaders: a representative of the Supreme Commander of the Soviet Commander of the Soviet Union S. Tymoshenko, who was the first day before the war of the USSR Defense Defense, and the headquarters of the General Staff of the army of A. I. Antonova - the only Cavaller of the Order "Victory "I did not have a marshal title, and unfortunately, never received it. Both were awarded the highest military order for planning combat operations and coordinating the actions of the fronts throughout the war.
By decree dated June 26, 1945, the Order of Victory was secondaryly awarded I. V. Stalin (on the same day he became the hero of the Soviet Union, and on the next - Generalissimus of the Soviet Union). Following the results of the war with Japan, the commander of the Far Eastern Front of the Marshal of the Soviet Union K. A Meretkov became Kavaler, the commander of the Far Eastern Front. Thus, the Order of "Victory" in the USSR was awarded 10 Marshals of the Soviet Union - 3 of them twice, and 1 Army General.
In addition, in 1945, 5 foreign citizens became cavaliers:Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia Marshal Josip Broz Tito;
Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Polish Troops (in the USSR) Marshal Poland Mikhal Roli-Zimersky:
Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Armed Forces in Western Europe, General Army Duight David Eisenhower (USA);
commander of the Allied Army Group in Western Europe Field Marshal Bernard Low Montgomery (United Kingdom);
the King of Romania Mihai I, - after overthrowing in Romania the fascist regime of Marshal Antonescu's troops Mihai I fought on the side of the allies.
On this awards, the Order of Victory was completed and the Order of History. But after 30, another one, seventeenth cavalier, unexpectedly, unexpectedly appeared, was unexpectedly, on the eve of the 60th anniversary of the Soviet Army and the Navy, this Order was received by the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU L. I. Brezhnev. Although he wore the title of Marshal Soviet Union and held a "part-time" post chairman of the Council of Defense of the USSR, his "Acts" did not fall under the status of the Order "Victory".
This Order was the second in the rarity of the award of our Fatherland after the Order "For the service of the Motherland in the armed forces" of the I degree; - For example, the heroes of the Soviet Union were a thousand times more, and the cavaliers of the Order of St. George I degree before the revolution is almost twice as much.
The Order was established in 1943, after a radical fracture during the Great Patriotic War, when the leadership of the USSR had the need to establish a higher military award, to which it was possible to represent particularly distinguished commander in rank not lower than Marshal.
The work on the sketch of this award was commissioned at once several artists-medal polishers.
Initially, the award was assumed to give the name "for loyalty to the Motherland". However, this project was not approved, and the work on the creation of a sketch of the award was continued. Among the various options, the preference was given to the sketch of the main artist of the technical committee of the main intensity department of Tar A.I. Kuznetsov, the author of the Order of the Patriotic War. The Order of the Order, which presented a five-pointed star with a central round medallion, on which the graceful profile bas-reliefs of Lenin and Stalin were not approved by the Supreme Commander. Stalin expressed a wish to put an image of the Kremlin Spasskaya Tower in the center of the medallion. On October 29, 1943, Kuznetsov presented several sketches, of which Stalin chose one - with the inscription "Victory".
For the manufacture of the Order, platinum and gold, diamonds and rubies were needed. The execution of the order for the production of the order signs was tasked by the masters of the Moscow Jewelry-hour Factory, which was a unique case - "victory" became the only one of all domestic orders, made not on the Mint. It was assumed to make 30 ordine signs. According to experts, each of them was required 180 (taking into account the damage) of diamonds and 300 grams of platinum. In the process of manufacturing the Order, we faced a problem: natural rubies had various shades of red and collect even one ordinar, withstanding the color, did not seem to be possible. Then it was decided to use artificial rubies, from which it was possible to cut the right amount of blanks of the same color. A total of 22 copies of the Order were manufactured, of which 3 copies were not presented to anyone.
The first award took place on April 10, 1944. The owner of the Order No. 1 was the commander of the 1st Ukrainian front of Marshal G. Zhukov. Order N 2 received the head of the General Staff Marshal A. Vasilevsky. The Order of the Victory N 3 was awarded the Supreme Commander Marshal I. Stalin. All of them are marked as high awards for the liberation of the Right Bank of Ukraine.
The following awards occurred only in a year. On March 30, 1945, the Cavaliers of the Order of the Order: Commander of the 2nd Belarusian Front Marshal K. Rokossovsky - For the liberation of Poland and the commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front Marshal I. Konev - for the liberation of Poland and forcing the Oder.
On April 26, the list was replenished by two more names - the commander of the 2nd Ukrainian front of Marshal R. Malinovsky and the commander of the 3rd Ukrainian Front of Marshal F. Tolbukhin. Both were awarded for the liberation of Hungary and Austria.
On May 31, the Kavaler of the Order was the commander of the Leningrad Front Marshal L. Govorov for the liberation of Estonia. By the same decree, the commander of the 1st Belarusian Front of the Marshal of Zhukov and the Commander of the 3rd Belarusian Front, Marshal A.Vasilevsky were awarded the Order of Victory Secondary. The first - for the capture of Berlin, the second - for the capture of Königsberg and the liberation of Eastern Prussia.
On June 4, the Order of Victory was awarded the representative of the rates of the Supreme Commander of Marshal S.Timoshenko and the head of the General Staff, A.ANTONOV - the only cavaller of the Order of Victory, who did not have Marshall title. By decree of June 26, 1945, the Order of Victory was secondaryly awarded I. Stalin. According to the results of the war with Japan, the commander of the Far Eastern Front Marshal K. Metskov became Kavaler.
Another order was intended for the Army General I. Chernyakhovsky. The order for awarding and assigning him the title of Marshal Soviet Union was already ready, but because of the sudden death of General on February 18, 1945, the order remained unfulfilled under the flaw.
Thus, the Order of Victory in the USSR was awarded 10 Marshals of the Soviet Union - three of them twice - and 1 General of the Army.
After the end of the war, it was decided to award the Order of the Victory of the Warlords of the Allied Forces. By decree of June 5, 1945, "For outstanding successes in conducting a large scale operations, as a result of which the victory of the United Nations over Hitler Germany was reached," were awarded:
uS Army General Duight Eisenhower, Feldmarshal Sir Bernard Loy Montgomery, Marshal Poland Mikhal Roli - Zimersky.
The King of Romania Mihai I Gogenzollerne-Zigmaringen on August 23, 1944, arrested with the Hitler Germany members of the Government of Romania. For this act, Mihai on July 6, 1945, he was awarded the Order of the "victory" with the wording "for a courageous act of a decisive turn of Romanian policy towards the gap with Hitler Germany and the Union with the United Nations at the moment when the defeat of Germany was not yet determined."
On September 9, 1945, the last foreign cavalier of the Order of the Victory was September 9, 1945, Marshal of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito.
In 1966, the Order of Victory was supposed to reward the President of France Charles de Gaulle during his visit to the USSR, but the award did not take place.
On February 20, 1978, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a decree awarding the Secretary General of the CPSU Central Committee, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Marshal of the Soviet Union L.I. Brezhnev Order "Victory". However, on September 21, 1989, the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR M.S. Gorbachev signed a decree on the abolition of awarding L I. Brezhnev with the wording "as a contrary to the Statute of the Order."
For all the existence of the Order of 20 copies, 17 of its cavaliers were presented.
For all the existence of the Order of 20 copies, 17 of its cavaliers were presented.
On April 10, 1944, the names of the three first cavaliers of the Victory Order became known. The owner of the sign N 1 was the commander of the 1st Ukrainian front marshal G. Zhukov . Sign N 2 received the head of the General Staff Marshal A. Vasilevsky. The Order of Victory N 3 was awarded the Supreme Commander Marshal I. Stalin . All of them are marked as high awards for the liberation of the Right Bank of Ukraine.
The following awards went only in a year: March 30, 1945, the commander of the 2nd Belarusian Front became Cavaliers marshal K. Rokossovsky - For the liberation of Poland and the commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front marshal I. Konev - For the liberation of Poland and forcing the Oder. On April 26, the list of awarded replenished two more names - the commander of the 2nd Ukrainian Front marshal R. Malinovsky and commander of the 3rd Ukrainian front marshal F. Tolbukhina . Both were awarded for liberation in heavy, bloody battles of the territory of Hungary and Austria. May 31 Cavalier Order The commander of the Leningrad Front marshal L. Govorov - For the liberation of Estonia. The same decree commander of the 1st Belarusian Front Marshal G. Zhukov and the commander of the 3rd Belarusian Front marshal A. Vasilevsky We were awarded the Order of Victory Secondly: the first - for the capture of Berlin, the second - for the capture of Koenigsberg and the liberation of Eastern Prussia. On June 4, the Order of Victory awarded two "Moscow" military leaders: a representative of the Supreme Commander's Rate marshal S. Tymoshenko and head of the General Staff General of the Army A. Antonova - The only cavaller of the Victory Order, who did not have Marshall title. Both are awarded the highest military order for planning combat operations and coordinate the actions of the fronts throughout the war.
By decree of June 26, 1945, the Order of Victory was secondaryly awarded I. Stalin . Following the results of the war with Japan Kavaler, the commander of the Far Eastern Front became the commander marshal K. Meretkov . Thus, the Order of Victory in the USSR was awarded 10 Marshals of the Soviet Union - 3 of them twice and 1 army general.
In addition, in 1945, 5 foreign citizens became cavaliers: the Supreme Commander of the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia became marshal Josip Broz Tito , Supreme Commander Troops of Polish (in the USSR) Marshal Poland Mikhal Roli-Zimeter , Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Armed Forces in Western Europe, Army General Dwight David Eisenhower (USA), commander of the Union Army Group in Western Europe feldmarshal Bernard Low Montgomery (United Kingdom), king Romania Mihai I. .
