RPK74: purpose, combat properties and general device manual machine gun, principle of operation of automation; The order of incomplete disassembly and assembly. Remove the shutter from the receiver

Fig. 7. General view of the RPK74 machine gun

The 5,45-mm manual machine gun Kalashnikov is a weapon of the rifle compartment. It is designed to destroy the live strength and defeat of the enemy's fighter means. For shooting and observation in the conditions of natural night illumination to machine guns RPK74N, RPKS74.n is joined by the Night Rifle Sight Universal (NSPU).

Ballistic and constructive data of the RPK74 machine gun

No. p.	Name of data	RPK74.
1	Target distance, m	1000
2	Direct shot:
	breast Figure, m	460
	on the running figure, m	640
3		~600
4
	when shooting solitary shots	50
	when shooting queues	150
5		up to 600.
6		up to 500.
7	Focused fire on ground group purposes, m	up to 1000.
8		960
9		1350
10		3150
11	Line height, mm	305
12	The weight of the machine gun, kg:
	with a non-soldered plastic store	5,0
	with an equipped plastic store	5,46
13	Store Capacity, Cartridges	45
14	Weight of plastic store, kg	0,30
15	Caliber, mm.	5,45
16	Machine gun length, mm:	1060
17	Stem length, mm	590
18		549
19	Number of cuts, pcs.	4
20	Length of the stroke of the slices, mm	200
21	Victory Line Length, mm	555
22	Flush thickness, mm	2
23	Cartridge weight, g	10,2
24		3,4
25	Weight of powder charge, g	1,45

Fig. 8. Overall device of the RPKK74 machine gun: 1 - trunk with a hard box, with a shock-shutter mechanism, aiming device, butt, a pistol handle and with a compound; 3 - bonding box; 4 - a gate frame with a gas piston; 5 - shutter; 6 - return mechanism; 7 - gas tube with trunks; 8 - Tsevier; 9 - shop; 10 - bayonet knife; 11 - SHOMPOL; 12 - affiliation case; 13 - FlameSeeter. Fig. 9. Affiliation to the PKK74 machine gun: 1 - ammunition; 2 - rubbing; 3 - enshik; 4 - screwdriver; 5 - Fucking; 6 - pencils; 7 - cover; 8 - Maslenka; 9 - Oboyma; 10 - adapter.

1.4. Machine gun Kalashnikov Tank (PKT)

Fig. 10. General view of the PKT machine gun

7.62-mm Machine gun Kalashnikov (PKT - Tank) is a powerful automatic weapon and is designed to destroy the living strength and firing means of the enemy.

Ballistic and design data of the PKT machine gun

No. p.	Name of data	PT
1	Direct shot:
	breast Figure, m	440
	on the running figure, m	670
2	Temp of shooting, shots per minute	600-700
3	Combat rainfall, shots per minute:
	when shooting queues	up to 250.
4	The most valid fire for land goals, m	up to 1000.
5	The most valid fire on aircraft, helicopters and parachuts, m	up to 1000.
6	Bullet initial speed, m / s	855
7	Range to which the slaughter action of the bullet is preserved, m	3800
8	Limit range of the bullet, m	3800
9	The weight of the machine gun, kg:	10,5
	weight of the trunk, kg	3,23
10	Capacity of the cartridge box, cartridges	250
11	Weight of a box with an equipped ribbon for 250 ammunition, kg	9,4
12	Caliber, mm.	7,62
13	Machine gun length, mm:	1098
14	Length of the cutting part of the trunk, mm	550
15	Number of cuts, pcs.	4
16	Length of the stroke of the slices, mm	240
17	Cartridge weight, g	21,8
18	Weight bullets with steel core, g	9,6
19	Weight of powder charge, g	3,1

Fig. 11. General device UPC machine gun: 1- trunk; 2 trunks with a lid, base receiver and butt; 3 - gate frame with an extraimer and gas piston, 4 - shutter; 5 - return-combat spring; 6 - guide rod; 7 - gas piston tube; 8 - electrospass; 9 - trigger. Fig. 12. Affiliation to the tank machine gun PKT: 2 - SHOMPOL; 3 - Rub, 4 - Yershik: 5 - screwdriver; 6 - otkolotka; 7 - Pencil with lid; 8 - an extractant; 9 - Maslenka; 10 - Frame for shooting by idle cartridges; 11 - sleeve for firing by idle cartridges. Read full abstract

The table top shows data on standard RPK machine guns. Through the fraction indicated RPK / RPK74. On the photo on the left, the first version of the RPK74 machine gun is depicted.

Easy manual machine gun Kalashnikov Caliber 7.62x39 RPK and its modifications - RPCs, RPKN, etc.

As well as a description of the light hand-held machine gun Kalashnikov RPK74 in caliber 5,45x39 mm and its modifications - RPS74, RPKN74, etc.

A light hand-made infantry machine gun was needed in the Soviet Army, like any other army of the world. It is not surprising that new weapons were created on the basis of an already well-developed and proven automaton of AKM, which was a crown of creation among the options for the modernization of Kalashnikov machine guns, starting in 1949. ACM was created and put up for weapons in 1959 as the main general automatic automatic weapon, and several modifications of the automaton were almost immediately appeared - AKMS with a folding butt, AKMN with a side plank of fastening for a bracket of night vision, as well as some other modifications for special forces. But for the divisions of the Russian (Soviet) army, a light manual machine gun was also required. After the creation of AKM, without being causing Lukovo, they began to create a machine gun on the basis of this automaton, which was, given the exhaust technology, whitewally. Therefore, the RPK was made pretty quickly, in which no one doubted. AKM, that is, the modified variation of the Kalashnikov machine gun, saw the light in 1959. And when the issues of creating and setting the army of a light hand-made infantry machine gun in the USSR - for a long time no one thought and was tasked to make a handmade machine gun with a shop on the basis of the same Kalashnikov machine, as its production was, as they say, on ointment . And in order to maximize the unification in production with ACM, in 1961, a manual machine gun Kalashnikov - RPK was adopted, the same caliber as AKM - 7,62x39 mm under the chief cartridge of 1943 (M43). This machine gun replaced in the troops a few obsolete handmaker Degtyarev - RPD, known as "Degtyar".

The degtyarev - RPD-44 manual machine gun with an empty round ribbon box for 100 ammunges.

RPD had a ribbon food and was heavier the follower, with a blank belt box per 100 cartridges, a machine gun weighed 7.5 kg, but on combat characteristics of the RPD showed significantly top scores on the cuminess of the battle, rather than the RPK. The refusal to the design of the RPK from the ribbon dictate dictated to a faster replacement of the store, but it was a stick about two ends - the capacitance of box stores was clearly not enough, so a disk store was created for 75 ammunition, which turned out to be distant from the reference. But due to the impossibility of replacing the superheated trunk, tightly for the machine gun stores enough, because the long-lasting shooting was ineffective, the barrel was quickly heated.

Special design work for the production of a new manual machine gun was for nothing. Because it was already tested as soon as possible Kalashnikov, upgraded - AKM. Here is a new light handmade machine gun and did not make himself wait - did immediately, as soon as the order was received from the relevant instance of our defense. And 2 years after the adoption of the adoption of Akma, the RPK was put on arms, in fact the same, only more.

Calashnikov's handmade machine gun - Caliber RPK 7.62x39 mm on bumps. Standard version with wooden fixed butt and zevy, shop by 40 ammunition.

Design, work parts and mechanisms.

RPK74 machine gun, incomplete disassembly. As we see - complete similarity with AK.

In essence, PKK was the same AKM, there were no differences, so we will not go into the details of the work of parts and mechanisms of this weapon, but simply list its main differences from the ACM automaton:

A heavier, long and thick-walled barrel;

A more durable and wide trunny box, respectively, more stable for loads, but it appeared and minus - the weight increased, as from a heavier barrel;

At the tip of the trunk, quite reliable folding bumps were installed;

The regular sectoral stores for the RPC were provided for a capacity of 40 ammunition, and a disk store was created at 75 ammunition, which, however, did not justify himself, as it was not so reliable, in comparison with a box-shaped store, which is especially important for a light hand machine gun. In addition to this machine gun, thirty-path of shops from AK47 and AKM are suitable;

Butt one form;

Handmade Machine gun Kalashnikov - RPK with a disk store with a capacity of 75 ammunition.

The trunk of the machine gun was in an integral, therefore the possibility of replacing the superheated trunk was excluded, which is a need for a manual machine gun such a layout with air-cooled. The magnified container shop, 75 caliber cartridges of 7.62 mm, was inconvenient and slower when charging, the boxed store was more reliable, but too barely for the machine gun (40 ammunition), and also greatly increased the gabar of weapons in height, because it was very long.

At first, box stores were made of steel, but a slightly later material for shops was a shockproof polymer.

The aiming devices are a fly and graded culk with fixed positions for shooting at different distances with a 100 meters increments, also calibrated horizontally.

It is possible to keep fire in two modes - single and continuous, fuse-translator of fire on the RPK is the same as on the machine Kalashnikov.

Modifications of the RPK.

RPCs - option with a wooden butt folding on the left side. Initially intended for airborne fighters.

RPCs with a folded butt.

RPKN is a standard RPK, but with a plank installed on the left for fastening night sights.

RPKSN - from RPKN is distinguished by folding on the left side of the butt.

RPKM. Today, on the basis of a modern modernized manual machine gun RPK74M (about which will be discussed below), for export deliveries, a submachine RPKM under the cartridge 7.62x39 mm with a polymer folding butt, polymer zevsey and a gas tube lining, a universal plank is installed on the left side of the receiver box for the left side of the receiver. Installation of side brackets for sights (optical, night, collimator, etc.). Also reinforced the main details of the machine gun to increase his survivability.

Modern RPKM under the cartridge 7.62x39 mm with a folding butt and side plank for sights.

In 1974, when the old good AKM was replaced by a small-caliber AK74, and the cartridge was 7.62x39, respectively, was replaced with a 5,45x39 caliber cartridge, then, in addition to the machine gun, in the same 1974, the machine gun was replaced. Now the light manual machine gun of the Russian army was called RPK74, by analogy with AK74.

RPK74 machine gun is one of the first episodes with a wooden butt, zevy and paddle on the gas tube.

The differences of the new RPK74 with the old RPK were minimal. In addition to replacing the cartridge on the lighter and thin, the plane sensor was installed - the bullshop-compensator. Reducing the caliber made it possible to increase the capacity of the store, the boxed store from the RPK74 had a capacity of 45 cartridges of a 5.45 mm caliber, the soldiers could take more amplifier with them. The walls of the barrel became even thicker, since the outer diameter remained the same, and the caliber of the barrel decreased from 7.62 mm to 5.45 mm. Also, a slightly changed and the shape of the store.

Modifications of RPK74.

Over time, manufacturers have abandoned the use of a tree and a mixture of machine gun, as well as a cable with an upper pad, began to be made from black shockproof plastic.

RPK machine gun with polymer parts instead of wooden.

By analogy with the Caliber RPK, 7.62 mm, the RPK74 machine guns also have modifications:

RPK74C - with a folding butt;

RPK74N - with side mount for the sight of NSPU night vision.

RPK74N machine gun with wooden butt, store for 45 cartridges and a night sight set.

There were options with the designations of RPK74P (with a fastening for the usual optical sight), RPK74N2 and RPK74N3, designed to apply night vision sights of other modifications.

Currently, the RPK74M machine guns are in service, which are the symbiosis of the above models, that is, they have folding ones on the left side and planks on the left side of the receiver for installing various sights. Butt, Tsevier, a pistol handle and an overlay on the gas tube are made from high-strength plastic black. Also on RPK74m some details, based on the experience of applying a machine gun, are strengthened, which increased the reliability of the machine gun and increased its resource of the work.

RPK74M machine gun in a marking position, with a folded butt and bumps.

RPK machine gun in a combat position - with an unfolded butt.

Practice of the use of RPK.

According to many fighters - the RPK is not a machine gun, it is just a long-bale assault rifle. And indeed - no indispensable parameters for the modern machine gun of parameters at the RPK. A non-removable trunk that simply deprives a machine gun of full-fledged work, does not allow the intensive fire by medium and long queues, which is the main task of the machine gun.

The most reasonable version of the use of RPK is to work with it as with a long automatic rifle, which, when it is necessary, can be placed on the bumps. Weapon weight is only 5 kg, which is very small for the machine gun.

And mostly from the RPK shoot from the hands, as from an ordinary machine. Stores, as a rule, are used box-shaped "forties" (capacity of 40 cartridges) for the Caliber RPK 7.62 mm and "Sorrifapes" (with a capacity of 45 rounds) for RPK74. In such an arms, the weapon is significantly superior to a similar machine Calashnikov, because a longer and weighted trunk provide good accuracy of combat and make long-range weapons, efficiently long-range. Quite often you can see shops from RPK and RPK74 in AKM and AK74 automata (AK74M).

RPK, that the caliber is 7.62 mm, which is 5.45 mm caliber, is much more accurate, compared with their units (AKM and AK74). The accuracy of combat is higher both in solitary mode and in automatic. From RPK74, standing without stop, experienced arrows are confidently affect the objectives of the queues at distances up to 600 meters. From this weapon, it is recommended not to shoot as a full-fledged machine gun, long queues, the best option is both from the machine, short queues. The reason is the same - the impossibility of replacing the superheated trunk on the cold, as is done in any machine gun.

Manual machine gun Kalashnikov RPK-74rana, with wooden fittings.

Handmade machine gun Kalashnikov RPK-74Products, with plastic fittings.

Caliber 5.45 × 39 mm
Weight4.7 kg
Length 1060 mm
Stem length 590 mm
Food Secto store 45 cartridges
Temp firing600 shots per minute

A manual machine gun Kalashnikov RPK-74 was designed as replacing a 6.62x39mm power grid machine gun in the framework of a small-scale cartridge system 5.45x39mm, and was adopted in 1974 together with the Savtomat AK-74.

RPK-74 is practically virtually incorrect from the preceding pressure of the Caliber of 7.62mm, which preceded the peripulum of the Caliber of 7.62mm, and was built on the basis of automak-74. RPK-74 has an identicalAc-74 automation based on a gas-feeding with a shutter with a trunk by turning. The lights are conducted with a closed shutter, the trunk is fixed, extended and lost by the poisoning with AK-74. Under the trunk, light folding bumps are installed. In the early samples of the Tsevier and the wooden butt, the last grades are plastic. Aimed tools have the ability to enter side amendments. Modifications The designated RPK-74N have a side bar for fastening night sights. Power supply of PKK-74 is carried out from stores interchangeable with AK-74-Circulated by 30 or 45 cartridges.
Currently, on the basis of the RPK-74, the released RPK-74M machine gun, which is distinguished by the strengthening of the rowed output designs, the presence on the left-hand side of the bar for the installation of daily or night sights, as well as folding Block with plastic butt. For exports based on RPK-74M, also developed RPK-201 under the cartridge 5.56x45 NATO, using shops from the AK-101 automaton of the same caliber.

Like its predecessor, RPK-74 is significantly inferior in the fire power to foreign small-caliber manual machine guns (for example, a very common FN Minimi), as it does not have a replaceable trunk, it shoots with a closed shutter and has stores of limited capacity. Its main advantages - unification with the basic machine, a small mass and a relatively low cost.

· RPK-74N.

· RPKS-74N

RPK-74N, RPKS-74N
the USSR
5,45-mm handmade machine gun of the 1974 sample RPK74 (ind. 6p18n1) with NSPU night vision scope (ind. 1pn-34). Hand-held RPK74 machine guns, having in the "H" index (night) - RPK74N and RPKS74N, are designed to use devices (sights) of night vision (infrared night vision devices). On the specified machine guns on the border of the left there are special planks for setting the sight of night vision.

Characteristics

The range of efficient shooting is:

§ on solitary land targets - 600 m;

§ for air targets - 500 m;

§ For group ground targets - 1000 m.

Direct shot:

§ Breast Figure - 460 m;

§ on a running figure - 640 m.

[edit] Building / disassembling machine gun

The incomplete disassembly of the machine gun is produced for cleaning, lubricant of the weapon examination in the following order:

1. Separate the store;

2. Check the absence of cartridge in the chamber;

3. Remove the fan of the accessories from the socket of the goal (except machine guns with folding butts);

4. Separate a hack;

5. Separate the plane sensor;

6. Separate the cover of the receiver;

7. Detish the return mechanism;

8. Separate the gate frame with a shutter;

9. Separate the shutter from the gate frame;

10. Separate the gas tube with a trunny lining.

The assembly after incomplete disassembly is carried out in reverse order.

Complete disassembly are carried out for cleaning with severe pollution, as well as for repair in the following order:

1. They produce incomplete disassembly;

2. Disassemble the store;

3. Disassemble the return mechanism;

4. Disassemble the shutter;

5. Disassemble the shock-trigger;

6. Separate Tsevier.

The assembly after complete disassembly is carried out in reverse order.

Mass, kg:	5.0 (RPK-74 unqualified) 5,15 (RPCs-74 unqualified) 5.46 (RPK-74 Outline) 5.61 (RPCs-74 Circled) 7.76 (RPK-74N Circled) 7.91 (RPCs -74n Circled) 0.3 (Plastic Store)
Length, mm:	1060 845 (RPKS-74 with folded butt) 1065/857 (RPK-74M with unfolded / folded butt)
Stem length, mm:
Cartridge:	5.45 × 39 mm 5.56 × 45 mm (RPK-201) 7.62 × 39 mm (RPK-203)
Work principles:	Powder gas removal, swivel shutter
	745 (RPK-203)
Aiming range, m:
Maximum range, m:
Affectiona Type:	A boxed store for 45 ammunition (it is possible to use stores by 30 ammunition from AK74), the experienced RPK-74 party used boxes for 60 ammunition
Aim:	Adjustable Outdoor, Planck for the installation of day or night optical sights (RPK-74P, RPK-74N, RPKS-74P, RPKS-74N, RPK-74M, RPK-201 and RPK-203)

PC sample

7,62-mm Kalashnikov machine gun (PC) - machine gun developed by Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov as a single machine gun for Soviet army. PC was adopted by the Soviet Army in 1961. It was used in almost all wars and armed conflicts of the second half of the century, and the beginning of the XXI.

Tactical specifications

Option	PC	PKM.	PT
Mass (kg)	9,0	7,5	10,5
Tank mass (kg)	2,6	2,4	3,23
Length (mm)
Stem length without a flame relief (mm)
Bullet initial speed (m / s)
Rapidity (shots per minute)
Practical rapidity (shots per minute)
Mass of the box with an equipped ribbon per 100, 200 or 250 ammunition	3,9/8,0/-	3,4/6,2/-	-/-/9,4
History of production
Constructor:	Kalashnikov, Mikhail Timofeevich
Designed:	beginning of the 1960s
Total released:	more than 1,000,000
Options:	PC, PKS, PKB, PKT, PKM, PKMS, PKMB
Characteristics
Mass, kg:	9.0 PCs on Cups 7.5 PCM on Cups 16.5 PKS with Machine of Label 12.0 PKMS with Stepanov Machine 3.9 Box with Cutting Ribbon 100 Cartridges 3.4 Lightweight Box With Cutting Ribbon 100 Cartridges 8.0 Box with an equipped tape for 200 ammunition 6.2 lightweight box with an equipped ribbon for 200 ammunition
Length, mm:
Stem length, mm:
Cartridge:	7.62 × 54 mm R
Work principles:	Powder gases
Firing, shots / min:	650 (PC, PKM); 800 (PKT)
The initial speed of the bullet, m / s:	825 (PC, PKM); 855 (PKT)
Aiming range, m:	1500
Affectiona Type:	Tapes of 100/200/250 cartridges
Aim:	Mechanical (Mushkushka and Colek)
Images on wikisklad? :	Machine gun Kalashnikov

Options and modifications

PC - Kalashnikov machine gun with sushkami.

Options PKB and PKS. They differ from PC only by the factory complete set, which is determining their purpose:

§ If the PC is installed on a three-way machine, then called PKS.(machine).

§ If the PC is installed on the armored personnel carrier (using a swivel bracket), then called PKB (Bronetransport). Rotary bracket is officially referred to "Installation". The machine gun was placed only on armored personnel carriers who do not have a tower (in the armored personnel carriers with the tower PT).

Trephabit to PKS. and installation to PKB They had a serial number and fixed in the division for a specific entry entry in the form.
All three machine guns (more precisely - one in the three titles, depending on where it is established) in 1961 instead of RP-46, SGM and SGMBC complialy.

Trephabit for PKS. facilitates the sight shooting of the machine gun of the edge or trench, firing by air Goals and shooting in mountainous areas.

Installation for PKB Consists of supervuga (providing horizontal vendor), sectors (providing vertical tip), holder (holding a cartridge box of high capacity for 200/250 ammunition), a spring shock absorber with a mitigating return, a frame (connecting the machine gun with the installation) and the sleeve of the indoor space BTR).
The PKB kit included bumps and butt, which allowed it in case of need to use it outside the combat vehicle. In this case, he again turned into an ordinary PC.
The PKB was used on the armored personnel carriers of the design with an open riding without a swivel tower (BTR-40, BTR-152, BRDM-1, BTR-50) as well as on the rooted early embodiments of the BTR-60 - BTR-60P and BTR-60P. Since these types of armored personnel carriers were almost completely removed from the weapons of the USSR Sun in Soviet times, this modification is rare.

PKM. - Kalashnikov Ugranized machine gun. Adopted in 1969 to replace PC. It has a smaller mass. Options that were in the factory configuration trephabit or installation called respectively PKMS. and Pakm.
Together with PKM, a new three-time steel 6T5 design of Stepanov was adopted. When maintaining all the positive qualities of the previous machine, it was 3 kg easier.

PT - Kalashnikov tank machine gun, with a more severe trunk and equipped with electrospa. It is installed in tanks and other combat armored vehicles (BMP, BMD, BTR-60PB / 70/80/90, MT-LB, BPT, BRD, BRM). Adopted in 1962 to replace the SGMT machine gun.

PKTM Kalashnikov machine gun tank upgraded. Adopted in 1998. Who knows what it differs from the PKT, please, write.

Sick for AK-74

5,45-mm Kalashnikov Machine, AK74. (Grau index - 6P20Also there are the names of AK-74, AK 74) - 5.45 mm caliber machine, designed in 1970 and adopted in 1974. It is the further development of AKM. The development of AK74 is associated with the transition to a new low-frequency cartridge 5.45 × 39 mm.

Features

The main differences from the predecessor:

§ a new cartridge of a 5.45 × 39 mm caliber (instead of 7.62x39 mm) having a faster bullet path, which led to an increase in the distance of a direct shot of 100 meters, as well as more easy (mass savings of 1.4 kg when wearing ammunition in 8 stores);

§ a new muzzle brake-compensator, which serves to increase the adversity of the battle and reduce the impact energy;

§ Store from light and durable plastic.

In the automata of release 1974-1986, the butt and tseo are made of wood. Since 1986, they began to produce from black plastic. On the wooden butt on both sides, longitudinal grooves were made to facilitate the total weight of the machine. They continue to do on plastic butt.

These grooves were a long time to reflement in the West. Some assumed that they were intended to distinguish 5.45-mm AK74 from the old 7.62-mm AKM. One of the even more fantastic explanations was what they need to ensure girth with a hand when the automatic machine is shooting through the ambrusura infantry combat vehicle. Alexey Dragunov and Victor Kalashnikov explained to me that when processing AKM in AK74, the weight of the level was increased, which was established by the requirements of the Soviet Army, as the trunk, the external dimensions of which remained the same, weighed more due to less caliber. Designers AK74 instructed to reduce general weight Weapons wherever possible. One of the ways to achieve this was and these longitudinal grooves on the sides of the butt, although it seems incredible. Cocalis Peter J. New Kalashnikov vehicle under NATO cartridge

It is possible to use with the GP-25 or GP-30 applied grenadeent.

Accuracy of automatic fire has improved compared to ACM almost 2 times (by linear dimensions). Accuracy of solitary fire - approximately 50%.

Footing range is:

§ on solitary land and air targets - 500 m;

§ For land-based group purposes - 1000 m.

Direct shot:

§ Breast Figure - 440 m;

§ on a growth figure - 625 m.

Normal battle requirements for AK74:

§ All four breaks contain in a circle with a diameter of 15 cm;

§ The average point of hit is deviated from the control point for no more than 5 cm in any direction.

Battle check is carried out by shooting solitary on check target or black rectangle 35 cm high and 25 cm wide, reinforced on a white shield with a height of 1 m and a width of 0.5 m. Footing range - 100 m, position - lying from the stop, without a bayonet knife, Cartridges - with an ordinary bullet, sight - 3.

9 mm Pisoletmakarova (PM, the Gau index - 56-A-125, (Unofficial jargon names - "Makarov", "Makar", "Makarych") - a self-loader, developed by the Soviet designer Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov in 1948. PM from 1951 to this time serves as personal weapons in the Soviet and post-Soviet armed Forces Refractory organs.

A free drummer is applied to PM, which does not have a spring holding it in the rear position. Theoretically, this can lead to a spontaneous shot when the pistol falls from a high height, but Makarov considered that the drummer does not have a sufficient mass so that seriously consider this opportunity.

Distinctive features of Makarov are simplicity of design and minimum of parts. Many details perform several functions at once. So, the shutter delay serves simultaneously reflector the sleeves. The combat spring is simultaneously the spring store of the store, the spring of the platoon lever and the spring whisper.

The gun consists of the following parts and mechanisms:

§ frame with trunk and trigger;

§ shutter with a drummer, discharge and fuse;

§ Return spring;

§ shock-trigger;

§ handle with screw;

§ Shutter delay;

§ score.

9-mm / 9x18 / pistol cartridges are applied to shooting from a pistol. The initial flight rate of the bullet is 315 m / s.
The filming of the cartridges in the cartridge during shooting is made from the store with a capacity of 8 ammunition.
Weight and linear data of 9- mm Makarova pistol (PM)
The weight of the gun with the shop without cartridges 730 g
The weight of the gun with a shop, equipped with eight cartridges 810 g
Pistol length 161 mm
Pistol height 126.75 mm
Stem length 93 mm
Caliber barrel 9 mm
Number of slices 4.
Store Capacity 8 Cartridges
Cartridge weight 10 g
Bullet weight 6.1 g
25mm cartridge length
Combat rainfreight 30 shots per minute
The initial speed of the zeros of 315 m / s General device and work of parts of the gun

60. RGO and UAH

RGD-5, RG-42 and F-1 had one significant disadvantage, which consisted in a large segment of time between the shot of the garnet and its undermino. On a sharp rough terrain, in the mountains it allowed the enemy in the mountains, in time the abandoned grenade, to take advantage of the nearest shelter, and also created a threat to the self-tensioner in the event of a grenade bounce from the barrier or rolling from the slope after the throw. Therefore, it took the samples to be replaced by new RGN grenades (offensive) and RGO (defensive) developed at the Basalt SNPP and a target sensor and triggering when hitting any obstacle.

Each grenade consists of a housing, the charge of an explosive mixture, detonation checkers and smelled, unified for both models. The Housing of the RGH is formed by two hemispheres of aluminum alloy with the inner notch. The Housing of the RGO to increase the number of fragments other than two outer hemispheres have two internal. All four hemispheres are made of steel, the bottom outdoor - for the convenience of the differences in the grenades from the RGN - has an outdoor notch, the rest is internal. In the upper part of the cuff enclosures, the glass was spilled for sunken, when stored with a plastic plug. Under the glass in the recess inside the explosive mixture was placed a detonation checker.

The design of the shock-remote action has become a significant novelty. Mocked assembled in the plastic case, consists of a catal-protective mechanism, a target sensor, a remote device, a long-rigging mechanism and a detonating node. Calcule and safety mechanism ensures safety in circuits and includes a drummer with a stale, spring, pin (check) with a ring, plug, bar and caps. The drummer turns on the axis (like a jurka) under the action of a springs on a twist. The target sensor provides triggering sunk when hitting the barrier and consists of spherical cargo (inertial body), sleeve, sting, springs and sleeves. The remote device provides slowing down after the throw by 3.2-4.2 seconds and includes a sediment sleeve and a detonator caps. The long-running mechanism is intended to be stretched over 1-1.8 seconds after the throw (i.e., on the removal from the throttle) and includes two sleeves with pyrotechnic compositions, a stopper, engine, capsule and spring. The detonating node is fixed in the glass and consists of a kapxyl detonator and sleeve. In the usual condition, the drummer is rotated to the upper (folded) position and is held with a lever pressed against the body and a fixed pin. The stoppers hold the engine with the caps in the shift to the edge, so that the caps is removed from the sting, the spring engine is compressed. The cargo will be pressed to the housing of the sleeve, the movement of which is limited by the engine. Such a relatively complex design smelled provides a combination of reference safety (6 protection steps) with guaranteed triggering.

After pulling the pin and throw the lever, under the action of the spring, discarded from the grenade and frees the drummer, which turns and sticks the capsul. The ray of fire set fires the compositions of the remote node and the mechanism of long-range stretch. After burning out the last (1-1.8 s), the stoppers are discharged by their springs to the edge of the plane and free the engine that shifts under the action of its spring to the axis, puts the caps, opposite the target sensor tag. When meeting with an obstacle, the load of the sensor target under the action of inertia moves and causes a shift of the sleeve, as a result of which the sting heats the caps. The ray of fire initiates a kapxyl detonator. The latter conveys the detonation of the detonation checker, which causes the picker charge undermining. The spherical shape of the goods and its mount allow you to "catch" the component inertia in a wide range of angles. If the target sensor is not developed (drop in dirt, snow, strictly "on the side"), the capsule defone will be initiated from the detonator-detonator after the remote composition (3.2-4.2 s). The temperature range of work is smelled, like most of the Soviet weapons samples, from -50 to +50 degrees C.

The RGN grenade during the explosion forms 220-300 fragments of the average weight of 0.42 g at the initial speed of 700 m / s, the reduced space of fragments - 95-96 sq.m. RGU gives 670-700 fragments weighing 0.46 g and speed up to 1200 m / s. The formation of slaughter fragments is 73% of the mass of the grenade hull. The energy of the RGO fragments is three times surpasses the fragments of the RGN, the reduced expansion area - 213-286 sq.m. The "controlled fragmentation" of the RGO provides a greater density of the lesion field than with a small amount of heavy fragments (as in F-1 or Mils) and, at the same time, greater safety for the throwing and its division due to the rapid loss of slaughter energy fragments.

RGO and RGN grenades are in a standard granite bag of two or in the pockets of equipment. Packed - in boxes of 20 pieces. High sensitivity smelled and a large area of \u200b\u200bfragments of fragments require additional training of personal composition with them.

It consists of Russia.

61. How is the shot from firearms

Phenomenon shot.

The shot is the process of very fast conversion of the chemical energy of gunpowder first into thermal, and then into the kinetic energy of the weapon movement.
The shooting is called the phenomenon of the bullet (shell) from the barrel channel under the action of the energy of powder gases. This phenomenon is characterized by the following features:
- a large magnitude of the pressure of gases (2-3 thousand and more atmospheres);
- high temperature of powder gases (2500 - 2500 seconds);
- low phenomenon (0.001 - 0.06 sec.);
- the burning of the powder charge in the rapidly changing volume.
How the shot when shooting from small arms occurs. For the production of a shot need:
- to send a cartridge in the chamber;
- reliably locked the trunk channel of the shutter;
- Press the trigger.
The following phenomena occur:
- Under the action of the shock-trigger mechanism, the striker strikes the coach of the cartridge;
- the percussion composition of the capsule is ignited;
- the beam of fire through the seeding hole penetrates inside the sleeve and flammifies the powder charge;
- the produced gases increase in volume and increases pressure;
- gases are distributed in all directions and put on the walls of the sleeve, the bottom and on the bullet;
- The pressure of gases to the bottom of the sleeve force it to be pressed to the shutter cup, the pressure on the walls of the sleeve makes them tightly cuddled to the walls of the chamber, and the pressure on the bullet makes it cut into the neck cuts, move along the barrel channel and depart from the trunk.
These phenomena are divided into four periods.
The phenomenon of the shot, in which the burning of the powder charge in a constant volume to the magnitude necessary to complete the cut of the bullet in the cuts is called preliminary Period. This period is characterized by the formation of the pressure of the forcing (PO). For small arms, it is equal to 250 - 500 kg / cm2.
First, or the main, phenomenon of the shot. It is characterized by the burning of the powder charge in a rapidly changing volume. It lasts from the moment when the forcing pressure is reached, until the powder charge is completely combustion. During this period, the pressure of gases reaches the maximum value (RMA). For small arms, it reaches 2500 - 4000 kg / cm2. This pressure causes a significant acceleration of the motion of the bullet in the barrel channel, as a result, the starting space increases. Therefore, despite the influx of new gases, the pressure begins to fall, reaching about 2/3 of the maximum pressure at the end of the combustion of the powder charge, the bullet movement speed by the end of the period reaches approximately 3/4 of the initial speed.
Second Phenomenon period shot. After the combustion of the powder charge, the influx of new gases is stopped, but since gases have a large stock of energy, their expansion continues and, due to the increase in the speed of the bullet. This period lasts from the end of the combustion of the powder charge until the bullet from the barrel canal is departed. At the end of the period, the pressure drops rapidly and reaches the muzzle cut - a dual pressure - 300 - 900 kg / cm2.
In some types of small arms, especially short-barreled (Pistol Makarova), the second period is absent, because Full combustion of powder gas By the time of departure, the bullet from the barrel channel practically does not occur.
The third The period, or period of the consequences of gases, is characterized by the fact that gases expiring from the barrel after the bullet continue to influence it. It lasts from the moment of departure of the bullet from the barrel channel until the termination of the powder gases on the bullet. During this period, the pressure drops sharply, the speed of the bullet increases slightly as long as the pressure of gases on the bullet becomes equal to the air resistance. The speed of the bullet reaches the maximum (Vmax). It is achieved at the removal of several tens of centimeters from the muzzle cut slicer.

Handmade Machine gun RPK-74 with plastic butt, zevy and shop, composed

Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of January 18, 1974, and the subsequent order of the USSR Defense Minister of March 18, 1974, a new unified 5,45-mm complex was adopted, which included 5,45-mm automatic cartridge, four models 5 , 45 mm machine and four models 5.45-mm manual machine gun with two options for butt. When developing a 5.45-mm automatic cartridge (5.45x39) with a reduced recoil pulse, it was initially taken into account its use for both machine gun and a manual machine gun. Moreover, the new cartridge allowed to increase the maneuverability and wearable ammunition of a manual machine gunner.

The new rifle armament family includes manual machine guns of the RPK 74 (index 6P18) with constant butt and RPCs 74 (6P19) with a folding butt. The differences between their design, compared with AK 74, the same as the RPK in comparison with AKM - the elongated barrel, the presence of folding bumps and a large capacity of the standard store. The new elements were the dool and the store. On the bunny part of the trunk is attached to a slit glue, which can be replaced with a sleeper firing.

As in the AK 74 machine, a cutout, and a rectangular lease from the left side, and the rectangular protrusion from the bottom of the frame eliminates the interaction of the shutter with the upper cartridges in the store when the parts of the automation parts are moving back. The shutter is reduced and does not have an annular depression in a cup, the bats protrudes over the shutter mirror. The slot for the muzzle in the gate took the type of open groove. The gas tube with a trunny pad at the back end has a spring washer that eliminates its swing and spacer action on the gas chamber.

RPK 74 is equipped with a sectoral sight with the mechanism of introducing side amendments. The fire from the manual machine gun is mainly in short queues. "The average queue length is 5-7 shots. Reducing the recoil pulse and a smaller time of the bullet flight to the target allowed to approximately 1.5 times to improve the part of the shooting compared to 7.62 mm RPK.

A series of low-impetuous cartridges for small arms includes a cartridge 7H6 with an ordinary PS bullet with a steel core, 7tz with a tracing bullet t, 7tm with an upgraded tracing bullet, armor-piercing with BP bullets, 7H10 with an HAP Bullet Bullet, and Educational. With the mass of PS bullet 3.45 g, the cartridge mass is 10.2 g., I.e. The mass of wearable ammunition at the same stock of the cartridges is 1.5 times less than when the cartridge of the arr. 1943

Machine gun feed - from a box of a sector-shaped store with a plastic case and a chess double row arrangement of 45 ammunition. There is a special device for store equipment from the climate. One-boxed store is adopted to the PKK 74 and RPCs 74, from a disk store in RPK 74 abandoned production and economic reasons.

Manual machine gun PKK 74 (6P19) arr. 1976

In the manufacture of butt and zevay, the wood gradually moved to plastics (glass-filled polyamide).
It is worth noting that in the USSR earlier than in other countries, the unification of small arms for both normal and small caliber was carried out, in the link, the platoon separation. This was facilitated by high reliability and stock of the modernization laid in the Kalashnikov system.

RPK 74 and its modifications are in service in Russia, the former republics of the USSR and in a number of foreign countries.
Abroad (in GDR, Poland, Yugoslavia, Libya, Finland) produced copies of Soviet machine guns of the RPK and RPK 74 and their modifications or created their models of manual machine guns "Kalashnikov" systems.

5,45-mm Manual machine guns also have "night" modifications. The plank on the left side of the TRK 74N machine gun's trunca box serves to install sensitive (passive) night sights using standard fastening of the type "Lastochka Tail".

In accordance with the model of the installed night targeted, modifications are highlighted: RPK 74N1 - with the OSPU Sight (1PN34); PKK 74n2 - with NSPUM (1pn58); RPK 74NZ - with the OSPU-3 (1pn51) sight. NSPU-5 night sight can also be used (1pn83). This scope has the multiplicity of amplification of 3.5x allows you to identify a person for a distance of up to 300 m. A universal rifle sight 1P29 multiplicity of zoom in 4x, weighing 0.8 kg. In local conflicts, we also found the use of Hand guns of the PKK 74n with the installation of optical sight instead of the night. The mass of the PKK 74n1 machine gun in a combat position with an Oscel NSPU was 7.66 kg.

Tactically Technical Specifications of the RPK 74 machine gun

Caliber: 5.45 mm
Patron: 5,45 x 39 (arr.1974)
Weapon Weapon Without Shop: 4.7 kg
Machine gun length: 1060 mm
Stem length: 590 mm
Bullet initial speed: 960 m / s
Shooting paced: 600 SECTION / MIN
Boat rapidity: 40/150 SECTION / MIN
Aiming range: 1000 m
Store Capacity: 45 Cartridges