Flexibility in design is ergonomic. The ergonomics of the design were of great importance
Traditionally, rational ergonomics is a science that supports the provision of plenty of people, space and objects for safe and effective development on the basis of the mental and physical state of people.
The basis for ergonomics is formed from a wealth of sciences, starting with anatomy and ending with psychology. І її main tasks are to find optimal shapes and sizes Roztashuvannya correctly items for the safest and most efficient life.
Ergonomics is important for the design of any interior, starting with the work area and ending with the sleeping area.
Every self-respecting designer and architect must know all the laws of ergonomics and implement them in design projects.
It is important to note that the area of learning ergonomics does not include furniture, but this is not the case. Ergonomics examines all working areas and areas to adjust the computer mouse to temperature conditions and helps to set the optimal parameters for the skin of these components.
One of the most important warehouse design projects for your premises may include a scaling plan for the placement of furniture in accordance with the current laws of ergonomics. It is also important to have a carefully crafted design, with ideal color and texture, to ensure a comfortable and healthy sleep.
No matter if there is a person at work or at home, he will always want to get involved in the things that challenge his handiness and safety. And the design and ergonomics flow into the satisfaction with the crafting of this or that object, so it is not surprising that these two directions organically flow into one another. In various areas of the industry, professional designers work with ergonomic experts who provide various data on the physiological and biomechanical characteristics of humans, taking their part from the development of and tested viruses Chernyavina L.A. Fundamentals of ergonomics in the design of the middle: initial guide/L.A. Chernivtsi. – Vladivostok: VGUES, 2009. – 262 p. 167..
Based on psychological, hygienic and other standards, various items are being broken down to new items or techniques so that the stench, by eliminating them, becomes handy and comfortable in the bathroom, for example, toothbrush bent in such a way that the brush reaches the back surface of the teeth, a SLR camera that is comfortable to hold in your hands, or is best equipped that will ensure high rhubarb be safe. Comfort, amazing functionality and added value external look- all the benefits of creating objects can be ensured by competent ergonomics and design.
One of the main things to understand is what ergonomics operates on - these are the anatomical features of people. Anatomical officials widely swear by design. The designer's job is to ensure the adaptation of viruses to a specific person, so that others can easily and comfortably use them. In addition, when designing an emergency room, the designers see the nutrition of the fact that high up on the seat there is a curved backrest, so that a person’s back can rest comfortably on it. To emphasize the importance of nutrition, the farmers go all the way to ergonomics, as has long been the concept of Line Akerblom. Tse average value, Which means our ridge is located in the transverse section at the center of the middle (approximately 23 cm). The support of the ridge must be transferred to this part of the seat itself.
It should be noted that ergonomics often uses special, flat mannequins that represent the proportions of a person’s body. Based on these data, designers often design new workspaces or design a working space that would suit most people with ergonomic parameters. Plus, to what extent, computer analysis and various daily program capabilities will inevitably become stagnant, as well as simple tools, on the basis of control tests or sheets, in addition to which data is collected about those that, one way or another, are associated with various everyday factors or labor activity people, including the need for comfort and security.
The application of ergonomic principles to design has become increasingly widespread in the design of furniture and in the design of interiors of residential, office and industrial spaces. Ergonomics considers all items related to the storage areas of the workspace and living area, starting with the primary computer mouse and ending with other areas temperature regime in a room designed according to the laws of ergonomics, people in the living room are practically intuitive - you can easily find a symbol on the wall, the color scheme of the interior design and lighting creates the required mood, which is what you need є otherwise I will calm down є Runge V.F., Manusevich Yu.P. Ergonomics in the design of the middle / V.F. Runge, Yu.P. Manusevich.- Architecture-S, 2007.-328 p.164.
For example, when developing the design of furniture and creating space for the finishing area, designers consider the anthropometry of a person, such as sitting in a relaxed, calm position. It is imperative to ensure that the seat is covered in order to ensure that you can easily get up from a chair or a chair. In different areas, custom sofas are often installed, and the rules of ergonomics require the designer to arrange the furniture in such a way that a person sitting on such a sofa can freely stretch his legs and not feel distracted m people.
In living spaces associated with sleep, in bedrooms, furniture is assembled and placed according to the size of a sleeping person. Here, ergonomic factors dictate the placement of the sofa with its long side against the outer wall or the corners of the sofa in a densely squeezed space.
Particular attention is paid to ergonomics when organizing and designing space for work. Online designers have to cope with the anatomical features of a person, like sitting at their desk. For example, when designing an area behind a working computer, ergonomics emphasizes respect for the person’s life, while it itself indicates the optimal height of the chair or chair. The ergonomics of the work area also reflects the fact that the height, area and height of the work table are determined by the type of robot designed by the worker.
All items necessary for labor activity should be placed, in accordance with the rules of ergonomics, on an accessible stand near the table, so that people can handle them without going into extreme fuss Munitsikov V.M. Ergonomics: Pidruchnik/V.M. Munitsikov. - M.: Logos, 2004. - 320 p. 240. Ergonomics also contributes to the increased attention of the designer before organizing the consecration. Consecration is not due to the mother of an intense and extremely bright character, so as not to sleep and overly strain the eyes of people. This is where the comfort of work and the positive attitude of people come into play.
Also, ergonomics now plays a significant role in industrial and object design, in the creation of household products and the design of office equipment, as well as in the design of the interior and planning of the premises. This is a complex discipline, which in this and other worlds feeds into all the nutrition that feeds into the work of a professional designer.
The manner of decorating the living space allows us to reveal the character and individuality of a person. The design of objects, their size, design, functionality and style are shaped according to the masters' achievements. Ergonomics in interior design allows you to achieve not only aesthetic beauty, but also maximum practicality.
The main rule that governs ergonomics is comfort, which you feel in every day of your life. To achieve this effect, it is necessary to adhere to specific rules. Let's see what criteria the life of a real person can be judged by.
Ergonomics in the bedroom interior
Ergonomic interior design
Ergonomic room design
Apartments in the area are built with local economy savings. In the minds of small spaces, it is very important to accommodate all the details for a comfortable everyday life. Please Korisna Considerations from ergonomics and the choice of furniture will help create spaciousness and functionality in a small space.
Select the living area of the booth and cover the number of interior items that need to be placed in a new place.
When repairs are started from scratch, rulers often forget about the place under cleaning the car, refrigerator or they don’t know about a sufficient number of closed police to save speeches. In this way, all objects are forced to “quiet” to such an extent that there is an inherent intangibility.
Ergonomics in interior design
Planning an ergonomic apartment design
Increase your appreciation for new smart furniture.
There are new models of folding tables, beds, book covers and hats on the market that fit into the space so that you don’t notice them at first glance. Such items can not only be bought, but also worked with your own hands and washed.
Take all deposits
It turns out that in a neatly furnished room you don’t feel comfortable at all. The reason for this is the wealth of speeches put on display. For example, there is an old tradition of collecting souvenirs and figurines that fall with a saw on the police and do not in any way decorate the interior.
Ergonomic room design
Ergonomic interior design
Get in order
Cleanliness is an indispensable aid to ergonomics. After a while, we often scatter speeches and banally harrass the space. In an untidy apartment, people obviously feel discomfort and cannot concentrate.
Choose the right furnishings
The main place in the apartment is occupied by furniture. When different interior items are taken from sets and are not combined, it creates visual dissonance. It looks like you took your interface from what it was.
Increase respect for colors
A very flat apartment with a plan of different shades and textures causes discomfort for people. In such minds, our brains cannot gather everything into a single composition.
Ergonomics in the kitchen interior
Rearrange furniture elements to save space
Choose furniture options that save space as much as possible and allow you to save more items. They must fit perfectly into the interior and the dimensions of the room.
For non-standard planning - individual solutions
Buying everything in a store is not the best option if you have a non-standard apartment. In the minds of the increasing abundance of replanning ideas, it is better to trust the designer.
Don't forget about accessories
The selection of a large number of unnecessary and non-functional accessories can be changed to a more beautiful one, if the applications are cleared away from the stagnation of practical speeches.
Ergonomic interior design
Ergonomic room design
Decorate the rooms accordingly before their appointment
There are a lot of ergonomic problems that arise, since when the ceiling is trimmed, it is possible to properly zone the space. The skin area has its own significance. Functional design allows you to create an ergonomic image.
Minimum requirements before cleaning the living quarters
There are a number of regularities that help to achieve growth.
- If you start from the front, go near the narrow corridor there are gaps of 30-30 cm. This space is enough to install a compact air vent - and occupy the place, and over-drying does not matter.
- The width of the passage in all rooms is no less, at least 70-100 cm. Access to functional objects in the interior may be open.
- Avoid piling up furniture. Try to grab some extra tricks: a table with hidden drawers, additional coats in the wardrobe, etc.
- The skin area is visible lightly and the texture of the materials. Choose a stylistic approach, but still achieve a unified composition.
Standard rules do not apply to the model. Ergonomics ensures that the interior meets the needs of the skin as much as possible. For people, the visibility of everything necessary, the correct arrangement of objects, aesthetics and comfort are important. A living room has space for landscaping any area - kitchen, living room, living room, living room, bedroom, bathroom and work area. Try to choose items that require less cleaning and will allow you to ensure that your wife is tidying up.
Scheme of ergonomic apartment design
Ergonomics in the interior of the room
Organization of space
Standard living plan new apartment The insurance company deals with benefits. The ergonomics are simple in the renovated areas. For example, at the entrance to the apartment there is more space under the front room, then closer to the entrance there is a front room and a kitchen. The kitchen area is located in a quiet corner. The recovery area, sleep and work areas, as well as the toilet area, are located at the entrance to the entrance for maximum comfort. It is important that the area of the living area reflects the number of people who live here.
The width and height of the passage may correspond to the dimensions of a person. Seeing the surrounding zones in the room will help the contrast of colors in the design and the correct placement of light. The strength of the selected furniture is to ensure availability great amount sharp doors and doors that open correctly. Organize the space according to your likes and sensibilities. For example, if you can’t sit with your back to the door, then don’t stand work place White walls.
Ergonomic design for kitchen interior
Ergonomic room design
Ergonomics in the interior of the room
Ergonomics of the area after repair
Removing objects from the area helps people feel relaxed. In this little place everything is geared towards relaxation. To achieve the optimal effect, install a warm underlay, a fluffy cover for the underlay, and a soft light behind a lamp or sconce. Book hats, sofas, armchairs or sofas are always installed here.
It’s good if the place opens up to a view of the street. Being careful about too much light is important for people, so they can think about it in a calm environment, get excited and concentrate. The best solutions for the finishing area are soft furniture and muted tones.
The application of ergonomics in interior design
Ergonomic interior design
Ergonomics of the working place
The antithesis of the human place is the work zone. Here everything is aimed at activation. Think about rotating the table. The style of furniture may be consistent with the style of all household items. Do not allow modernity and classics to overlap with the design of the workspace. To ensure comfort, use the correct table height and style.
The disadvantage of a person sitting at a computer is compensated by the strength of the back of the chair. Choose furniture whose dimensions reflect the number of working devices (office supplies, equipment, documents, etc.). Release the bottom for manual positioning of the legs. The best option is to see an adjacent room for furnishing a special office.
Ergonomic room design
Ergonomics in the interior of the room
Ergonomics in the apartment layout
Ergonomics of the sleep area
In order to get your bedtime routine in order, you need to focus on a minimum of details. Leave the place for rest and relaxation. If there is no place for a bed in the sleeping area, then it is necessary to install a manual sofa or sofa that can be folded out, which is especially important for small apartments. It is important to use the correct size to ensure practicality. Place a spot of light at the corner. The sleeping area for two requires the finishing of wide passages on both sides of the bed. Choose a neutral wall color that will calm you down nervous system for a shvidkogo sinannanya.
See the key place for lying down. It is better to smooth out the corners of the white walls. From the sleeping bed you need to open a look at the door and window. The height of the bed depends on the size of the person and the required number of sleeping places. Buy a bath without sharp edges and with a closed bottom that fits snugly to the lining, so that the sawdust does not settle in critically accessible areas. To save space, install a bed with functional drawers for bedding and bedspreads, rather than install a frame with sharp coats over your head.
Ergonomic room design
Ergonomics in the interior of the room
Ergonomics of the living area
The design of the kitchen interior reflects the ease of cooking and the comfort in which you live. The ergonomics of this space will be ensured by the selection of thoughtful furniture. Choose a ready-made headset that provides handiness, simplicity and functionality. An important aspect in every room design is the area of the table. This is a working place, the size of which allows you to accommodate all the equipment and kitchen utensils. What is new for a smart apartment is the kitchen, where household items are stored.
The ergonomics of other kitchens provide sufficient space for setting up a full-sized dining table (60 cm for a person) and comfortable changing. The room must have a refrigerator, stove, sink and drawers for storing items. The walls of the room are filled with tones that will satisfy your appetite. The height of the stele allows for the installation of a sunroom, and additional light bulbs are placed above the working surface. The base is tiled, and practical details are included in the interior design.
Today's ergonomics will help revitalize and create comfort in the minds of any space. Use your imagination and creativity to improve your skin room. Hurry up with ready-made solutions for the design of your space, and you will see a wonderful result!
Video: Ergonomics in interior design
50 photos of ergonomic interior design ideas:
In return, people with the objective world do not exchange more than pardon the aesthetic advantages of objects. It is important that all the items are not only beautiful and aesthetically pleasing, but also handy, comfortable to wear, and consistent with your physiological and anatomical characteristics. Therefore, the field of design today is closely intertwined with ergonomics - a complex science that looks at people in their minds, activities and everyday life.
Ergonomics is aimed at ensuring that we maintain good health in our tires with unnecessary objects, reducing our fatigue, improving mood, efficiency, or even better. Today, ergonomics has become one of the most important factors in industrial, object and interior design.
Concepts of ergonomics, significance and rotations
Ergonomics, literally translated from Greek, means “the law of work” (“ergon” is the work, and “nomos” is the law). Under these concepts, it is generally understood that the activity of people is monitored in their system of “people - possession (technology) - skills” in order to achieve greater efficiency of work . Here, experts from ergonomics consider such nutrition as the breakdown of a person’s body in the process of work, the importance of energy expenditure and productivity in different minds.
In a broader sense, ergonomics means a scientific direction that examines various objects that are in close contact with people in their everyday life, like at work, It’s the same in everyday life. It is based on the scientific results of many disciplines, including physiology, psychology, biomechanics, anthropometry, medicine, hygiene and sociology.
The very concept of “ergonomics” appeared only in 1949. in Great Britain. In America, the study was initially called “Research on Human Factors,” and in Germany it was called “Anthropotechnics.” It’s true that ergonomics, as well as design, existed long before the 20th century.
Even in the early days, nutrition and ergonomics played an important role for people. The first people learned to select a suitable stone for the shape of their hand, trimmed it and polished the handle until it was better for hand and safety. Then the whole place was stagnated for the purpose of watching hedgehogs, watering and killing. For a long time, people have been trying to recreate objects with their own physiological capabilities, in order to make them not only aesthetically pleasing, but also as handy as possible. Archaeological excavations today offer the opportunity to discover how well thought out were the actions created by early people.
However, it was necessary to develop ergonomics until the beginning of the 20th century, when problems arose related to the development of new technology and technological solutions. Scientific and technological progress provoked an increase in injuries in the field of production, a deterioration in the mood of workers and other problems that ensured a high level of personnel. Practitioners needed to adapt to the production technology and work space, which often did not guarantee their safety and high production efficiency. Therefore, nutritional ergonomics began to go according to plan.
Ergonomics ensures the handiness of the robot with the device
The ergonomic engineers began to design the entire process of work in such a way that the production of the manufacturing plant would be as safe and easy for people as possible. With the introduction of an ergonomic approach, a new type of industrial equipment began to be designed with advanced signals (signal lights and sirens), larger sizes of buttons, handles and important elements.
Ergonomics is achieved due to the fact that people can easily find one type of different items (equipment) and work with them comfortably. In the 60s of the last century, ergonomics was already forming as a scientific knowledge - in different countries, partnerships and associations began to appear in the world, specializing in the nutrition of ergonomics.
At the beginning of the 21st century, three main disciplines were identified:
- Ergonomics, which looks at the problems between people and the physical environment. This galusa is dependent on nutrition in relation to the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of a person, which may directly relate to their everyday life or physical activity.
- Cognitive ergonomics. This area is associated with the psychology of calmness, closeness, as soon as other sleep flows into making decisions between people and other objects too much of a middlebrow.
- Directly ergonomics, which involves the interconnection of people, groups of people with equipment for safety the brightest minds pratsi. Such organizational ergonomics also considers the nutritional security of connections between neighboring people, their close cooperation and management.
The main task of ergonomics as a scientific discipline was the development of a specific form of objects that would be handy and safe for people to use. Ergonomics is intended to promote people's work efficiency by brightening the minds of people.
Step by step, the sphere of ergonomics has moved from work to our primary everyday life. Today's ergonomics, closely intertwined with design, are being explored in many areas. The main task of this scientific discipline was the development of a specific form of objects that would be handy and safe for people to use. Ergonomics is intended to promote people's work efficiency by brightening the minds of people. The nutrition of ergonomics is also covered by designers during the design process everyday items and when designing interiors.
Nutrition of ergonomics in the field of design
No matter if there is a person at work or at home, he will always want to get involved in the things that challenge his handiness and safety. Both design and ergonomics contribute to the satisfaction with the crafting of this or any other object, so it is not surprising that these two directions organically flow into one another. In various areas of industry, professional designers work with specialists in ergonomics to provide various data on the physiological and biomechanical characteristics of humans, taking part in the development and the tested viruses.
Based on psychological, hygienic and other standards, basic equipment is being broken down to new items and techniques so that the stench is eliminated, making it easier and more comfortable for the bathroom. For example, a toothbrush is bent in such a way that the brush reaches the back surface of the teeth, a digital SLR camera that can be easily held in the hands or is equipped with a high level of safety. Comfort, wonderful functionality and an attractive, modern look - all the benefits of creating objects can be ensured only by competent ergonomics and design.
One of the main things to understand about ergonomics is the anatomical features of people. Anatomical officials widely swear by design. The designer's job is to ensure the adaptation of viruses to a specific person, so that others can easily and comfortably use them.
Of course, when designing the initial emptying, the designers see the nutrition of the fact that high up on the seat there is a curved backrest, so that a person’s back can rest comfortably on it. To demonstrate the importance of nutrition, the food processors go all the way to ergonomics, which has long been the concept of Line Akerblom. This is the average value, which means that our ridge lies in the transverse section of the ridge in the middle (approximately 23 cm). The support of the ridge must be transferred to this part of the seat itself.
It should be noted that ergonomics often uses special flat mannequins that represent the proportions of a person’s body. Based on these data, designers will often design a new environment or design a working space that will suit most people within ergonomic parameters. Plus, to what extent, computer analysis and various daily program capabilities will be stagnated, as well as simple tools will be added to the control panel of test sheets, which will help to collect data about those who cough is associated with various factors in everyday life work activity, including the level of comfort and safety.
The use of ergonomic principles in design has become increasingly widespread in the design of furniture and in the design of interiors of residential, office and commercial spaces. Ergonomics considers all the conditions related to the working space and living area, starting with a computer mouse and ending with a similar temperature regime. In a room designed according to the laws of ergonomics, people in the living room have a practical intuitive feel - you can easily find out the design on the wall, the color scheme of the interiors and lighting create the required mood that you need Or, perhaps, it will calm you down.
For example, when developing the design of furniture and creating space for the area, designers are based on the anthropometry of a person, such as sitting in a relaxed, calm position. It is imperative to ensure that the seat is covered in order to ensure that you can easily get up from a chair or chair. In different areas, cutout sofas are often installed, and the rules of ergonomics require the designer to arrange the furniture in such a way that a person sitting on such a sofa can freely stretch his legs and not get distracted to people.
In living spaces associated with sleep, including in the bedroom, furniture is selected and placed according to the size of the sleeping person. Here, ergonomic factors prevent the placement of the sofa with its long side against the outer wall of the living room or the corners of the sofa in a densely squeezed space.
Particular attention is paid to ergonomics when organizing and designing space for work. Online designers have to cope with the anatomical features of a person, like sitting at their desk. For example, when designing an area behind a working computer, ergonomics emphasizes respect for the person’s life, while it itself points to the optimal height of the chair or table. The ergonomics of the work area translates into the fact that the height, area and height of the work table are determined by the type of robot designed by the worker.
All items necessary for work activity, in accordance with the rules of ergonomics, are placed on an accessible space near the table, so that people can freely handle them without going into too much effort. Ergonomics will also require greater attention from the designer before organizing lighting. Illumination is not due to the mother of an intense and very bright character, so as not to be angry but to kindly protect the eyes of people. This is where the comfort of work and the positive attitude of people come into play.
Also, ergonomics now plays an important role in industrial and object design, in the creation of household products and the design of office equipment, as well as in the design of interiors and planned spaces. This is a complex discipline, because it drains all the nutrition that feeds into the work of a professional designer.
The end of the meta design and ergonomics - that’s what you fell in love with, because, as you imagine, it’s about you and appeared here for your benefit.
R. Lee Fleming
The practical importance of objects is the reason to extract one’s understanding from them, especially in production, where there is a lot of success in what lies in the fact that the machine is adjusted to the capabilities of people and their particularities. Ergonomics deals with the design of manual equipment for work, use, and the creation of a comfortable object-spacious environment for various processes of human life.
Concept "Ergonomics"
The term "ergonomics" (Greek "Egdop" - work + "nomos" - law) was adopted in England in 1949, when a group of English scholars fell asleep in ergonomics before the last marriage. The members of this partnership raised the most pressing problems of rational organization of work.
Ergonomics has emerged as a complex discipline
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F The function of objects that express their ergonomics is such a thing as a bow and arrow, the shape of which has existed for thousands of years.
Design for stone use: chopping, sokiri, drill
Mount Tebsh (Gobi Altai).
Rock baby human figure with a tsibule,
on the science of low technical sciences, psychology, physiology, hygiene, anatomy, biomechanics, anthropology, biophysics. Its task is to fully understand the functional characteristics and capabilities of people in the process of activity and interaction with unnecessary objects.
Vaughn is represented by three warehouses - anthropometry, which follows Budova human body with the understanding of cultural, cultural, ethnic, professional and other features, engineering psychology, which looks at the interrelationships between people and technology to ensure the brightest minds and results of work, and the psychology of work , which reflects the peculiarities and patterns of visual and tactile perception of a large amount of object light and .
Metric systems
The nourishment of familiarity with distant speeches has been praised by people for a long time. The first person selected a stone according to the shape of his hand, for greater handiness, he trimmed it, polished the handle until it was finished and put it in place with a buckle for his protection, like a butt and watering. Archaeological excavations often present us with wonders for the thoughtfulness and handcraftedness of the craftsmanship, hanging from stone, making from brushes of creatures, and later – casting from bronze and molding. One of the first items to be washed were wooden chains that were made from a solid piece of wood. In this case, the part of the club played the role of a handle and was narrower, easier for the hand to bury with a pencil; the “shock” part was massive, thickened. Lyudina equated the creation of the objective world with her physical parameters and physiological capabilities of the body.
Apparently, many ancient approaches are based on the size of human body parts. This is English
For a long time now, people have been trying to create a new metric system for ease of use. Many ancient approaches are based on the size of the parts
human body (span, foot, foot, sazhen) or a fair view (croc, guy's croc, etc.)
Scheme of the dimensions of the working place, INDITE.
foot (English foot - foot), right dovzhni middle human foot (0.3048 m), Russian: p'yad (stand between the ends of the extended great and black fingers), elbow - the world of dovzhni, as in Suitable for up to 5 mm of the elbow bone . Vikorist such universal units in the world, which have always been “under the hand” and “foot”, by the masters of the past, were created with extreme precision of architecture, objects of practice, and everyday life.
Based on the physical parameters of the human figure, an entire metric system was created. The most recent evidence about the laws of human body proportions was found in a pyramid tomb near Memphis (about 3000 BC). Since that time, artists have been working on revealing the hidden proportions of the human body. We know the Egyptian canon of the hours of the pharaohs, the canon of the Ptolemaic era, the canons Ancient Greece ta Rimu. We know the law of Polycletus, the research of Alberta, Michelangelo, Durer. . The work of Leonardo da Vinci directly resulted in the creation of a graphic model and the law of proportions of the human body.
In the craft practice of the Middle Ages there were divisions of peaceful modules and rules for their formation, which served as a kind of matrices for the creation of proportional and human-friendly speeches. We deserve the respect of the research of the last century and, first of all, A. Zeising, who, having calculated the proportions of people on the basis of the most accurate measurements, established the rules of the golden span. Among the famous architects, the "Modulor" of Jle Corbusier is widely known - a harmonious system of approaches, based on the laws of "geometry" of the human body and the principle of the "golden feather." According to Le Corbusier himself, “Modulor is a unique instrument great significance, how it is possible
On the basis of ergonometric data, special self-tographic models are formed that visually represent the process of completing individual work operations.
A. Belov, V. Yanov. Somatographic analysis of the work place.
O. Grashin, M. Sugalko. The layout of the console and the functional diagram of operator behavior
to buy one hundred percent of everything that is distributed in a serial or other order, for example, cars, furniture, books." . Rumors in the sphere of harmony in the excessive people of the objective middle are troubling today.
Ergonomics of the armor
Particularly note the achievements of ergonomics in the sphere of the arch. Kindness, value, and kindness were a rich part of people's lives. Formerly he was given special respect. With special care, as a rule, on an individual basis, with provisions for a specific figure of a person, the image of the average person was created. And such a dispute often cost the whole day.
The treasures of the Wiconians with their deep knowledge of the anatomy of the human hand are called upon, using towels, sword hilts, ephesus, sabers, sabers, swords. Having a barrel-like shape, the handle repeats the internal volume of the clenched fist, which is the result of equal division If your hands are sore, you will tire less and stop sitting by your hand. The binding attribute is a sectional element between the handle and the blade, which serves as a stop that prevents the blade from getting stuck on the blade. With this method, the handle of a sword or a sable is often reduced to the shape of a loop. The Ephesians also had a special shield of round or oval shape - a guard, which protected the hand from blows.
Current types of fire-fighting armor (sporting guns, mislivka torches) have special designs of butts, which are completed with devices for the strength of the butt stop in the shooter’s shoulder. Vuzol "stikuvannya" is completed with the butt of the rushnitsa and the shoulder of the people of creations based on the principle of a hinged joint, based on
American astronaut Bruce McCandless on a special device with a jet engine.
Interior of an orbital space station
Penti Khitanyan.
Installation of 1st class carriages of Finnish countries zaliznytsya, 1989
Salon of the Renault "Grand Espace" minivan, France, 1998
what is the anatomy of the human shoulder.
Ergonomics in furniture
In the lower regions today, ergonomic rules and standards have already been formed. Thus, we know from furniture design that the height of the working area of a writing desk is 750 mm, the seat of a stool is 450 mm, the chair for work is 350 mm, etc. І unimportant in change artistic styles That directly, which carry with them their own special shapes and details, materials and structures, and parameters that arise from the physical dimensions of a person, become practically unchanged even during the last three hours.
Thus, the American designer Walter Doruin Teague made a life-size model of the passenger cabin of the Boeing 707 in order to determine the standards of physical and psychological comfort for passengers, which would be deprived of the same in the aviation industry. U.S. philosophies.
In this case, developments in ergonomics will continue. They led to the creation of specialized furniture designed for specific functional processes. Such furniture can be traced back to what we all know from childhood and often not short side, dental slide. Its design, on the one hand, is dictated by the mental organization of the teeth extraction process, on the other hand, by the patient’s participation in this process (the shape of the headrest, the shape of the backrest, a fixed support for ig).
Let's paint the butt can also be broken up by ergonomists "anatomical seat", which is found in sports cars. Its design fully reflects the peculiarities of the human body. In such a chair the body does not get tired for a long time. Cream
In the harmats
sports
organized
ahead of us
adapts
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ergonomics.
Ostannya
often
is growing
artistic theme
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shaping
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Sports simulator made by "David International Ltd". Finland, 1984.
Knives and accessories for sharpening knives from the Finnish company "Fiskars". 984, 1989.
Brent Trimble. Bicycle "Kestrel-4000" USA, 1987.
Moreover, depending on the situation, you can change your form. The pilot's safety in an emergency situation is greatly affected by the ejection seat of the military military commander.
A sign of our time are such additional conveniences that have appeared in work furniture, such as the ability to change the height of the seat and back of the chair, wrapping and repositioning the chair around the office.
However, the practice of ergonomic design has its curious uses. Thus, the owner of one of the summer street cafes in Nimechchina, with the method of increasing the number of workers, is able to achieve the optimal ergonomics in an original way. The backs of the chairs for the chairs at this cafe have little or no obvious expressions, but the gateway is what prevents you from leaning on the back of the chair, sipping lemonade on a sunny summer day! It’s true that the cafes were never closed for a long time, even though the cafe was famous for its cuisine.
Various warehouses from which a designer project is formed. In these turns lie in front of all human manifestations about the subject matter and the peculiarities of its effects. The external nuts of the surrounding object, although there is a slight stench of any thorough aesthetic powers, are insufficient for the creation of a harmonious object middle ground. It’s not just the objects that fit together, but the appearance of patterns in space, and the understanding of the life of objects in space. Current design breaks the basic framework for us in the design of other objects. Its object is space - the interior of a car, a bathyscaphe, spaceship. It is organized according to special principles governing design. Ergonomics plays a major role here, which allows you to rationally and comfortably organize the middle part.
Ergonomics is of vital importance in the design and installation of medical instruments. I will separate the area to become subject-specific
All ergonomic considerations and changes in the process of designing objects and design are formalized in the form of anthropometric, psychophysiological and other tables and recommendations. Stinks become the basis of ergonomic design, in a process in which the designer forms an ergonomic model of a future object, which ensures optimal interaction of the “person – object – middle” system. The order of ergonomic design is based on ergonomic analysis, which can be carried out both at the stage of pre-design research and after design when testing the finished product.
The consideration of human factors, however, does not exhaust all the depths of the interconnection of artistic design and ergonomics. The process of artistic design is responsible for absorbing all the richness in place of an ergonomic approach to the rise of problems of optimizing systems "people - in general - in the most common way", especially since such an approach for the individual and finally implements the basic principle of ergonomics - everything is designed differently for people and for Vikoristannya lyudinoyu.
Simultaneously with the process of development of design, ergonomic design is accompanied by fundamental changes. This is due to the evolution of form under the influx of technological progress - the emergence of new technologies, materials, and the influx of fashion. The process of this is not completed and straightened to a thorough thoroughness, the creation of handy and beautiful speeches, without which our life would be difficult and ineffective.
Ergonomics means that it comprehensively integrates the work activity of people in the system “people – technology – middle class” to ensure efficiency, safety and comfort of work activity. Ergonomics is the science of systems. It includes such concepts as anthropometry, biomechanics, physical hygiene, physical physiology, technical aesthetics, physical psychology, engineering psychology. This is the art of science, which twists the arms of the human body during the hour of work, wasting energy and productivity of a particular human race. Zastosuvannya area
Ergonomics are broad: they support the organization of work places, both manufacturing and everyday work, as well as industrial design. Ergonomics is a scientific discipline that deals with the development and creation of effective systems made by humans. Ergonomics influences the human hand in the process of productive activity, expenditure of energy, productivity and intensity in specific types of work. Ergonomics is divided into miniergonomics, midergonomics and macroergonomics. Ergonomics is based on a wide variety of disciplines ranging from anatomy to psychology, and its main tasks are based on the creation
Such minds work for people who would save their health, increase the efficiency of their work, reduce fatigue, and simply maintain a good mood during the long working day. Vinny ergonomics have dealt with the problems associated with the introduction and operation of new equipment and technology in the 20th century, as well as the increase in injuries in the workplace, the shortage of personnel, and the beginning of scientific and technological progress. gain momentum, and this meant a new unification of sciences with active learning of psychology, hygiene and much more.
By methodergonomicsє study of the laws of labor processes, the role of human factors in labor activity and increasing the effectiveness of production for the development of security minds. e. includes the treatment of conflict situations, stress at work, and attention to the individual characteristics of the doctor. Adds respect to the selection process, the beginning and retraining of fakhivts. The creation of an information base, communication, and workspace design are directly influenced by the process of production and production. The development of uniform standards and work performance criteria for the skin profession in such minds is important for safety, minimization of emergency situations and optimization of work minds.
Topic 37. Anthropometric benefits to ergonomics
Anthropometry- the branch of science that deals with the worlds of the human body and parts. The shape and functional dimensions of every object, its volumetric-spatial structures are inextricably linked with the dimensions and proportions of the human body throughout the entire history of civilization. Ancient peoples and peoples of all Europe, right up to the 19th century, used entry systems based on the parameters of the human body (elbow, foot, foot, etc.). Builders and architects created ideas in which the parts were similar to the proportions of people, and the absolute dimensions of the people themselves were comparable to people. Artists and sculptors, in order to eliminate simple methods for creating a figure without brutalizing it to life, and also strive to create a harmonious image of people, propounded and tinkered with systems of proportions - canons.
In the canon of Polykleitos, the sculptor of Ancient Greece, the width of the thigh was taken as one and the head became 18 times the length of the body, and the face - 110, etc. Canon of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) - standing with raised and spread arms and open legs fits into a circle, the center of which is the navel. The architect Corbusier (1887-1965) patented a proportioning system called “Modulor”. There is a scale of linear dimensions, which demonstrates three benefits: they exist in the same proportional waterways one after another, allowing the harmonization of both details; directly corresponds to the size of the human body, ensuring the human scale of architecture; The expressions in the metric system of inputs and this indicate the required unification of biological viruses. In modern practice, it is respected for being more rude anthropometric characteristics people. Separate classicі anthropometric ergonomic signs. The first are selected based on body proportions, age-old morphology, to equalize the morphological characteristics of different population groups, and others - when designing viruses and organizing activities. Ergonomic anthropometric signs are divided into static and dynamic. Static signs are identified during the steady development of people. They include the dimensions of the surrounding parts of the body and the overall (largest) dimensions in various positions and postures of a person. These dimensions are determined by the design of the viruses, the minimum passages and so on. Dynamic anthropometric signs- these are the dimensions that change when bodies move in space. The stench is characterized by vertebral and linear movements (curves in the corners, rotation of the head, linear movements of the hands when they are moved uphill, etc.). These signs appear when turning handles, pedals, designated visibility zones, etc. The numerical values of anthropometric data are most often displayed in a table. The basis dirty rules The analysis of anthropometric data in the development of work parameters and industrial equipment is based on the percentile method. Percentile- one hundredth part of the world population of people, which represents the greatest significance of anthropometric signs.
