Bright and warm quotes and aphorisms about the sun.
Sunny days in the summer are quite common. In summer, the sun does not surprise or inspire anyone as much as in winter. In summer, many often complain about the unbearable heat and wait for the sun to set over the horizon. Winter is different! Dark days pass one after another, and then people begin to realize that they are missing something. What? Of course, the sun!
In winter, everyone, without exception, rejoices in the sun. When the bright rays of the sun come out from behind the clouds, they make both children and adults smile! In winter, the days are very short, before dawn has come, the sunset is already approaching. The constant lack of vivid landscapes and cloudy days lead to the winter blues. Only the sun can heal from winter despondency! It may not yet warm the human body, but it warms the soul. Sunny winter days are like a real fairy tale.
The sun is not just a celestial body, it is the only star in the solar system, satellites, planets, asteroids, etc. revolve around it. Something warm and light is always associated with the sun, which is why a number of metaphorical meanings arise when the word sun is used. Children are often called the sun, who, like the rays of the sun, illuminate the lives of their parents. The word sun is often used in addressing their loved ones, emphasizing that they are the one and only.
- What three things cannot be hidden for a long time?
- The sun. Moon. True.
A person often lacks the sun, as well as the truth ...
The pleasure of life is drawn from our meetings with the new, and therefore there is no greater happiness than constantly changing our horizons, meeting every day under a different sun.
You need to live, travel and be able to enjoy life and the sun!
Why did people stop deifying the sun? After all, the sun has innumerable many things for this: it created life, it is infinitely mysterious, it is so powerful that no one on earth dares to look in its direction.
People stopped appreciating the sun. They stopped seeing his strength and beauty.
Unfaithful friends are swallows that you only meet in summer; it is a sundial, which is useful only as long as the sun shines.
The sun goes down to rise again.
The child is the mirror of the family; just as the sun is reflected in a drop of water, so the moral purity of mother and father is reflected in children.
Children are the real sun!
If a person has the ability to reason, and can contemplate the sun, moon and stars, and enjoy the gifts of the earth and the sea - he is not alone and helpless.
Nature is a true friend, as long as a person sees nature around him, until he is alone.
Man is the sun, feelings are his planets.
Their number depends on the purity of the senses.
As clear light is hidden from the blind,
So for fools there is no road to truth.
Only the blind longs to see the sun, but cannot. A fool can do anything, but wants nothing.
The audience applauds the fireworks, but not the sunrise.
Everyone is happy about technical progress, while they stopped noticing and appreciating the beauty of nature, thinking that she owes everything to everyone ...
Aphorisms
The silence was broken only by the squalling - the sun roasted the heavens.
Not everyone can see, let alone hear the sounds of nature. They just don't want to.
The sun was happy in that it shone, the sea in that that reflected its exultant light.
A person should also be happy that he does good deeds.
The winter was very cold that year. Even the sun got cold, chilled his cheeks, and he got a runny nose. And when the sun has a cold, instead of heat comes cold from it.
So this is why the sun shines in winter, but does not warm. It has a cold and has no strength.
The sun does not know the right. The sun knows no wrong. The sun shines without a goal to warm someone. He who finds himself is like the sun.
Only a person does everything with some purpose and benefit for himself ...
In the inner world of a person, kindness is the sun.
There is nothing brighter than the sun and warmer than kindness.
Even the sun, when it goes down, always turns red.
But a person can sink, lie and not blush.
Do you know what the power of the sun is? It is not afraid to look into the Darkness.
Don't be afraid to dive into something new.
The sun has one drawback: it cannot see itself.
But it sees everything, everyone in the world!
Every person has a sun. Just let it shine.
Until a person wants to, he will not light up ...
When you go outside and see the light, do not be alarmed - this is our friend the Sun.
The sun blinds, they get scared and hide from it. And only no one is afraid of lies and does not hide from it ...
Solar statuses
The sun is shining - it's good, it doesn't shine - it's also good, I am my own sun.
You need to find the strength in yourself to shine on others!
It is necessary to let the sun in so that the heart feels.
Then the inner world will become warmer and a person will be able to illuminate everyone with sunlight!
To live, you need sun, freedom and a small flower.
In fact, a person needs not so much for life ...
Know that the biggest diamond is the sun. Fortunately, it sparkles for everyone.
But only a few value this diamond ...
The sun shines for everyone, but it does not illuminate everyone.
Not everyone is inspired by bright sunlight. It's a pity…
Whoever carries the sun and life within himself will not seek light somewhere on the side.
Plant goodness within yourself, and the sun will settle in you ...
Constant kindness can work wonders. Just as the sun can melt ice, so kindness casts out misunderstanding, mistrust and hostility.
Sincere feelings, like the sun, can do anything.
Hopefully there will never be a "No Places" sign under the Sun.
Although, if she were, everyone would like to see the sun and rejoice in him ...
Somehow I especially love the sun, I like its very name, the sweet sounds of the name, the ringing hidden in them.
The sun is special. therefore love for him is also special.
The sun is shining, but it does not warm.
This is to begin to appreciate him warmly!
If the sun did not rise in the morning, then the sun is today - you! Come and shine!
And who is stopping you from waiting for someone or something to do?
The sun is on vacation, today I'm for him!
Only I will not warm everyone, but only those who believe in me ...
I found where the sun lives! In my heart…
This means that love lives there ...
Do you lack sunlight or, on the contrary, are delighted with the glimpse of the sun's rays? Or maybe you just want to say something nice to your family and friends? Choose beautiful sayings about the sun, share them with your friends, and everything around you will become much brighter and warmer!
sky)3) Ilya sometimes just wants to be a frisky boy
rush and redo everything yourself. (A. Goncharov)4) Pierre as
lawthe son got everything. (L. Tolstoy)5) to him as a person
timid and uncommunicative, first of all, it was striking that
that he never had ... (A. Chekhov)6) To me like a face you-
co-assignednot befitting to ride horse. (A. Chekhov)
7) As a stylist Chekhov is out of reach. (M. Gorky)8) you like ini-
the ciator must play a major role. (V. Panova)9) How live
scribeMayakovsky respected and loved Serov. (B. Shklovsky)
246.
1. Expressively read an excerpt from the story by V. G. Korolenko
The Blind Musician. Title this snippet. Find in the text
words that convey visual and tactile sensations, and
group them thematically. Determine the
the correspondence of each word you wrote out to one or another part
speech and draw conclusions. What is the role of these words in revealing
the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe text?
2. Conduct spelling and punctuation analysis of the text.
Pay special attention to the explanation of the prescription
knowledge in sentences with homogeneous, distinct members and
comparative turnovers.
3. Write down the words, when changing the stress in which the
the grammatical form appears or another word “appears”.
4. Graphically mark all the members of the proposals included in
the composition of the 1st paragraph.
5. Write dictation, check and rate your work.
Nature spreads around like a great temple
prepared for the holiday. But for the blind it was only
immense darkness that was unusually agitated around,
stirred, rumbled and rang, reaching out to him,
touching his soul from all sides unknown yet, not-
ordinary impressions, from the influx of which it is painful
a child's heart was beating.
From the very first steps, when the rays of a warm day hit him
in the face, warmed the delicate skin, he instinctively turned
to the sun, their blind eyes, as if feeling who
everything around gravitates towards the center. For him there was neither this
transparent distance, neither azure vault, nor wide apart-
that horizon. He only felt like something material-
new, caressing and warm touches his face with tender, warming
with a touching touch. Then someone cool and light
although less light than the warmth of the sun's rays, it relieves
his face this bliss and runs over him with a feeling of fresh
coolness. In the rooms the boy got used to move freely
feeling empty around me. Here he was captured by
some strangely alternating waves, now gently caressing, now
tickling and intoxicating. Warm touch of the sun
quickly fanned themselves by someone, and a stream of breeze, ringing in their ears,
covering the face, temples, head to the back of the head, stretched
140
around, as if trying to catch the boy, carry him away
somewhere in a space that he could not see, carrying away
knowledge, casting a forgetful languor. Then the boy's hand
squeezed her mother's hand tighter, and his heart sank and, apparently
elk, is about to stop beating altogether.
247.
Prepare a dialogue appropriate for the following speech situation:
G utterance topic:"My favourite band";
G purpose of the statement:influence listeners by convincing
them in their rightness;
G destination:friends;
G situation:unofficial;
G genre:dialog;
G style:colloquial.
Consider what expressive language you will be
use to attract the attention of friends and argue
express your point of view.
Use sentences with comparative in your story.
turnovers.
248.
1. After listening to the text for the first time, explain what language
the author uses the means so that the portraits are described
dignity figuratively and vividly.
2. Listen to the text again, and then try to draw on
paper portraits of children. What details of the verbal portrait will help
gut you in this?
3. Write the text under dictation, and then compare it with the printed
Please correct the errors and explain the reasons for their occurrence.
4. In each sentence of the text, highlight the grammatical
stem and minor members. Find out if it helps
whether such work is to understand the punctuation features of the text
one hundred. Give reasons for your answer.
There were three of them: a red-haired boy, with volatile
eyes, green-eyed girl, with brown hair, and
very little girl, with blue eyes and hair
as light as flax. All three are capricious and whimsical.
Eyes blue as linen and cobweb-blonde hair, like
linen. Eyes emerald, like blades of grass in spring, and hair, like
color of autumn leaves, golden chestnut. Eyes, and the most
whimsical eyes, now black as night, now shining as ut-
ro, then the unbelievers are like the sea, and the hair
lumpy, like matte gold, slightly tarnished.
(K. Balmont)
249.
1. Write down by inserting the missing letters. Please comment
punctuation marks. What is the role of comparative
mouths in this text?
141
The sun is the main source of energy on Earth. Without it, the existence of life would be impossible. And although everything literally revolves around the Sun, we very rarely think about how our star works.
Structure of the sun
To understand how the sun works, you first need to understand its structure.
- Core.
- Zone of radiant transfer.
- Convective zone.
- Atmosphere: photosphere, chromosphere, corona, solar wind.
The diameter of the solar core is 150-175,000 km, about 20-25% of the solar radius. The core temperature reaches 14 million degrees Kelvin. Thermonuclear reactions constantly occur inside with the formation of helium. It is in the core that energy is released as a result of this reaction, as well as heat. The rest of the Sun is heated by this energy, it passes through all layers to the photosphere.
The zone of radiant transfer is located above the nucleus. Energy is transferred by emitting photons and absorbing them.
The convective zone is located above the zone of radiative transfer. Here, the transfer of energy is carried out not by re-radiation, but by the transfer of matter. At a high speed, the colder substance of the photosphere penetrates into the convective zone, and radiation from the zone of radiant transfer rises to the surface - this is convection.
The photosphere is the visible surface of the Sun. Most of the visible radiation comes from this layer. Radiation from deeper layers no longer penetrates into the photosphere. The average layer temperature reaches 5778 K.
The chromosphere surrounds the photosphere; it has a reddish tint. Emissions - spicules - constantly occur from the surface of the chromosphere.
The last outer shell of our star is the corona, consisting of energetic eruptions and prominences that form the solar wind, spreading to the farthest corners of the solar system. The average corona temperature is 1-2 million K, but there are areas with 20 million K.
The solar wind is a stream of ionized particles that travels to the heliosphere at a speed of about 400 km / s. Many phenomena on Earth are associated with the solar wind, such as the aurora and magnetic storms.
Solar radiation
The plasma of the Sun has high electrical conductivity, which contributes to the appearance of electric currents and magnetic fields.
The sun is the most powerful emitter of electromagnetic waves in the world, which gives us:
- ultra-violet rays;
- visible light - 44% of solar energy (mainly yellow-green spectrum);
- infrared rays - 48%;
- x-ray radiation;
- radiation radiation.
Only 8% of the energy is spent on ultraviolet, X-ray and radiation radiation. Visible light is located between the rays of the infrared and ultraviolet spectrum.
Also, the Sun is a powerful source of non-thermal radio waves. In addition to all kinds of electromagnetic rays, a constant stream of particles is emitted: electrons, protons, neutrinos, and so on.
All forms of radiation exert their influence on the Earth. It is this influence that we feel.
Exposure to UV rays
Ultraviolet rays affect the Earth and all living things. Thanks to them, the ozone layer exists, since UV rays destroy oxygen, which is modified into ozone. The Earth's magnetic field, in turn, forms the ozone layer, which, paradoxically, weakens the strength of UV exposure.
Ultraviolet light affects living organisms and the environment in many ways:
- promotes the production of vitamin D;
- has antiseptic properties;
- causes sunburn;
- enhances the work of hematopoietic organs;
- increases blood clotting;
- increased alkaline reserve;
- disinfects surfaces of objects and liquids;
- stimulates metabolic processes.
It is ultraviolet radiation that promotes self-cleaning of the atmosphere, eliminates smog, smoke and dust particles.
Depending on latitude, the strength of UV radiation varies greatly. 
Infrared rays: why and how the sun heats up
All the heat on Earth is infrared rays, which appear due to the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. This reaction is accompanied by a huge release of radiant energy. About 1000 watts per square meter reaches the ground. It is for this reason that infrared radiation is very often called thermal.
Surprisingly, the Earth acts as an infrared emitter. The planet, as well as the clouds, absorb infrared rays and then re-emit this energy back into the atmosphere. Substances such as water vapor, water droplets, methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, some fluorine and sulfur compounds emit infrared rays in all directions. It is because of this that the greenhouse effect takes place, which keeps the Earth's surface in a constantly heated state.
Infrared rays not only heat the surfaces of objects and living creatures, but also have another effect:
- disinfect;
- improve metabolism;
- stimulate blood circulation;
- relieve pain;
- normalize water-salt balance;
- strengthen the immune system.
Why does the sun warm weakly in winter
Since the Earth revolves around the Sun with some axis tilt, the poles deviate at different times of the year. In the first half of the year, the North Pole is turned towards the Sun, in the second - the South Pole. Accordingly, the angle of exposure to solar energy changes, as well as the power.
I The child was born into a wealthy family of the South-West region, at midnight. The young mother lay in deep oblivion, but when the first cry of the newborn, quiet and mournful, was heard in the room, she darted with closed eyes in her bed. Her lips were whispering something, and a grimace of impatient suffering appeared on her pale face with soft, almost childlike features, like a spoiled child experiencing unfamiliar grief. The grandmother bent her ear to her quietly whispering lips. - Why ... why is he? the patient asked barely audibly. The grandmother did not understand the question. The child screamed again. A reflection of acute suffering flashed across the patient's face, and a large tear slid from her closed eyes. - Why, why? her lips still whispered softly. This time the grandmother understood the question and calmly answered: - You ask why the child is crying? It always happens, take it easy. But the mother could not calm down. Each time she shuddered at the new cry of the child, she kept repeating everything with angry impatience: - Why ... so ... so terrible? The grandmother did not hear anything special in the cry of the child, and, seeing that the mother was talking as if in vague oblivion and, probably, was simply delirious, she left her to play with the child. The young mother fell silent, and only from time to time some heavy suffering, which could not break through with movement or words, squeezed large tears from her eyes. They seeped through thick eyelashes and quietly rolled down marble-pale cheeks. Perhaps the mother's heart sensed that, together with the newborn child, a dark, inanimate grief was born, which hung over the cradle to accompany the new life to the very grave. Perhaps, however, it was also real nonsense. Anyway, the child was born blind. II At first no one noticed it. The boy gazed with that dull and indeterminate gaze, which all-born babies look up to a certain age. Days passed by, the life of a new man was considered as weeks. His eyes cleared, the muddy drag came off them, the pupil was determined. But the child did not turn his head for the light beam that penetrated the room along with the cheerful chirping of birds and the rustle of green beeches that swayed by the very windows in the dense village garden. The mother, who managed to recover, was the first to notice with concern the strange expression of the childish face, who remained motionless and somehow not childishly serious. The young woman looked at people like a frightened turtle-dove [Turtle-dove], and asked: - Tell me, why is he like that? - Which one? the strangers asked indifferently. - He is no different from other children of this age. - Look how strangely he is looking for something with his hands ... - The child cannot yet coordinate [Coordinate - coordinate, establish the correct proportions] of hand movements with visual impressions, - answered the doctor. - Why is he looking all in one direction? .. He ... is he blind? - a terrible guess suddenly burst out of the mother's chest, and no one could calm her down. The doctor took the child in his arms, quickly turned to the light and looked into the eyes. He was slightly embarrassed and, having said a few insignificant phrases, left, promising to return in two days. The mother cried and fought like a wounded bird, clutching the child to her breast, while the boy's eyes still looked with the same fixed and stern gaze. The doctor actually returned two days later, taking with him an ophthalmoscope [Ophthalmoscope is a medical instrument, a special mirror used to examine the fundus of the eyeball]. He lit a candle, brought it closer and further away from the child's eye, looked into it and finally said with an embarrassed look: - Unfortunately, madam, you are not mistaken ... The boy is really blind, and, moreover, hopelessly ... Mother heard this news with calm sadness. “I knew for a long time,” she said quietly. III The family in which the blind boy was born was not numerous. In addition to the persons already mentioned, it also consisted of his father and “Uncle Maxim,” as all the household members and even strangers called him without exception. My father was like a thousand other village landowners in the Southwestern Territory: he was good-natured, even, perhaps, kind, looked after the workers very well and was very fond of building and rebuilding mills. This occupation absorbed almost all of his time, and therefore his voice was heard in the house only at certain, certain hours of the day, coinciding with dinner, breakfast and other events of the same kind. In these cases, he always uttered the invariable phrase: “Are you healthy, my dove?” - after which he sat down at the table and said almost nothing, except occasionally he reported something about oak shafts and gears. It is clear that his peaceful and unpretentious existence had little effect on the mental disposition of his son. Zotodyadya Maxim was of a completely different kind. Ten years before the events described, Uncle Maxim was known for the most dangerous bully not only in the vicinity of his estate, but even in Kiev at the "Contracts" ["Contracts" is the local name of the once glorious Kiev fair. (Author's note)]. Everyone wondered how such a respectable family in all respects, what was the family of Pani Popelskaya, nee Yatsenko, could turn out to be such a terrible brother. No one knew how to deal with him and how to please him. At the courtesy of the gentlemen, he responded with insolence, and to the peasants he let down self-will and rudeness, to which the most peaceful of the "gentry" would certainly answer with slaps in the face. Finally, to the great joy of all good-minded people [Good-thinking people. - Before the revolution, this was the official name of the supporters of the existing government who were hostile to revolutionary activity], Uncle Maxim was very angry with the Austrians for something [angry with the Austrians - indignant with the Austrians, under whose yoke Italy was then] and left for Italy; there he joined the same bully and heretic [Heretic - here: a man who retreated from the generally accepted views] - Garibaldi [Garibaldi Giuseppe (1807 - 1882) - the leader of the national liberation movement in Italy in the middle of the XIX century, who led the struggle of the Italian people against the Austrian oppression] , who, as the landowners reported with horror, fraternized with the devil and put the Pope himself in a pittance [Pope is the Pope, the supreme leader of the Roman Catholic Church]. Of course, in this way Maxim forever ruined his restless schismatic [Schismatic (Greek) - heretical] soul, but the "Contracts" passed with fewer scandals, and many noble mothers stopped worrying about the fate of their sons. The Austrians must have been very angry with Uncle Maxim, too. Times in Kurierka, from time immemorial the favorite newspaper of the landowners' gentlemen, mentioned in the relations [Relation - report, report] his name among the desperate Garibaldian companions, until one day from the same Courier the gentlemen found out that Maxim had fallen with his horse on the battlefield. The enraged Austrians, who had obviously long since sharpened their teeth at the inveterate bagpipe [Volynets, a native of Volyn, Volyn province in the Southwestern Territory] (which, in the opinion of his compatriots, was still Garibaldi), hacked him up like cabbage. - Maxim finished badly, - the gentlemen said to themselves and attributed this to the special intercession of St. Peter for his lieutenant. Maxim was considered dead. It turned out, however, that the Austrian sabers were unable to drive out his stubborn soul from Maxim, and it remained, although I was in a badly damaged body. The Garibaldian bullies carried their worthy comrade out of the dump, sent him somewhere to a hospital, and now, a few years later, Maxim unexpectedly appeared to his sister's house, where he stayed. Now he had no time for duels. His right leg was completely cut off, and therefore he walked on a crutch, and his left arm was injured and it was only good enough to somehow lean on a stick. And in general he became more serious, calmed down, and only at times did his sharp tongue act as well as the saber once did. He stopped going to the "Contracts", rarely appeared in the community and spent most of his time in his library reading some books about which no one knew anything, except for the assumption that the books were completely ungodly. He also wrote something, but since his works had never appeared in the Courier, no one attached serious importance to them. At the time when a new creature appeared and began to grow in the village house, silver gray was already making its way in Uncle Maxim's short-cut hair. The shoulders from the constant support of the crutches rose, the body took a square shape. The strange appearance, the gloomily knitted eyebrows, thumping chills and the puffs of tobacco smoke that he constantly surrounded himself with, not letting the pipes out of his mouth - all this frightened strangers, and only people close to the kinvalid knew that a warm and kind heart was beating in a chopped-up body, and in a large a square head covered with bristles of thick hair, a restless thought works. But even close people did not know what issue this thought was working on at that time. They saw only that Uncle Maxim, surrounded by blue smoke, sat at times for whole hours motionless, with a dazed look and sullenly knitted thick eyebrows. Meanwhile, the crippled fighter thought that life was a struggle and that there was no place for disabled people in it. It occurred to him that he had already left the ranks forever and was now in vain loading the furshtat [Furshtat (German) - military baggage]; it seemed to him that he was a knight, knocked out of the saddle by life and reduced to dust. Is it not cowardly to wriggle in dust, like a crushed worm; is it not faint-hearted to grab hold of the winner's stirrup, begging him for the pitiful remnants of his own existence? While Uncle Maxim was discussing this burning thought with cold courage, pondering and comparing the pros and cons, a flickering new creature appeared before his eyes, to whom fate was destined to be born already an invalid. At first he did not pay attention to the blind child, but then the strange similarity of the boy's fate with he was interested in his own uncle Maxim. “Hm ... yes,” he said once thoughtfully, glancing sideways at the boy, “this fellow is also disabled. If we put both of us together, perhaps, there would come out one lazy [Ladashchiy - weak, nondescript] little man. Since then, his gaze began to dwell on the child more and more often. IV The child was born blind. Who is to blame for his misfortune? Nobody! There was not only a shadow of someone's "evil will", but even the very cause of the misfortune is hidden somewhere in the depths of the mysterious and complex processes of life. And between the tempri every glance at the blind boy, the mother's heart contracted with an acute pain. Of course, in this case, like a mother, she suffered from the reflection of her sons with disabilities and a gloomy foreboding of the difficult future that awaited her child; but, in addition to these feelings, in the depths of the young woman's heart, there was also the consciousness that the cause of the misfortune lay in the form of a formidable possibility in those who gave him life ... This was enough for the little creature with beautiful, blind eyes to become the center of the family, an unconscious despot, with by the slightest whim of which everything in the house was formed. It is not known what would have happened over time from a boy predisposed to non-objective anger with his misfortune and in whom everything around him tried to develop selfishness if a strange fate and Austrian sabers had not forced Uncle Maxim to settle in the village, in the family of his sister. The presence in the house of a blind boy gradually and insensitively to the active thought of a mutilated soldier is another direction. He still sat for hours, smoking a pipe, but instead of a deep and dull pain in his eyes, one could now see the thoughtful expression of an interested observer. And the more Uncle Maxim looked closely, the more often his thick eyebrows frowned, the ion puffed more and more with his pipe. Finally, one day he dared to intervene. “This fellow,” he said, putting on ring after ring, “will be even more unhappy than me. It would be better for him not to be born. The young woman lowered her head and a tear fell on her work. - It is cruel to remind me of this, Max, - she said quietly, - to remind without a purpose ... - I speak only the truth, - answered Maxim. - I have no legs and arms, but I have eyes. The little one has no eyes, over time there will be no arms, no legs, nivoli ... - Why? - Understand me, Anna, - Maxim said softer. “I wouldn't say cruel things to you in vain. The boy has a fine nervous organization. He has every chance of developing his other abilities to such an extent as to at least partially reward his blindness. But this requires exercise, and exercise is called forth only by necessity. Foolish solicitude, which removes the need for effort from him, kills all chances for a fuller life in him. The mother was smart and therefore managed to overcome the immediate urge that made her throw herself headlong at every plaintive cricket baby. A few months after this conversation, the boy freely and quickly crawled through the rooms, alerting his ears to every sound, and with a gallop, unusual in other children, felt every object that fell into his hands. V He soon learned to recognize his mother by his gait, by the rustle of her dress, something else, to him the only available, elusive for others signs: no matter how there were people in the room, no matter how they moved, he always headed unmistakably in the direction where she was sitting. When she unexpectedly picked him up in her arms, he nevertheless immediately recognized that he was sitting with his mother. When others grabbed him, he quickly began to feel with his little hands the face of the man who had taken him and also soon recognized the nanny, Uncle Maxim, his father. But if he hit a stranger, then the movements of the little hands became slower: the boy carefully and attentively led them over the unfamiliar face; and his writings expressed intense attention; he seemed to "peer" with the tips of his fingers. By nature, he was a very lively and agile child, but the months passed in months, and blindness more and more left its mark on the boy's temperament, which was beginning to be determined. The liveliness of the movements was gradually lost; he began to huddle in secluded corners and sat there for hours at a time, with frozen features, as if listening to something. When the room was quiet and the change of various sounds did not entertain his attention, the child seemed to be thinking about something with a bewildered and surprised expression, a make-up and not a childishly serious face. Uncle Maxim guessed right: the boy's delicate and rich nervous organization, with his sensitivity to the sensations of touch and hearing, seemed to strive to restore, to a certain extent, the completeness of his perceptions. Everyone was surprised by the amazing subtlety of his touch. At times it even seemed that he was not alien to the sensation of flowers; when brightly colored rags fell into his hands, he would stop his thin fingers on them for a longer time, and an expression of amazing attention passed over his face. However, over time, it became more and more clear that the development of receptivity is mainly in the direction of hearing. Soon he studied the rooms perfectly by their sounds: he could distinguish the gait of the household, the creak of a chair under the disabled uncle, the dry, measured shuffling of the thread in his mother's hands, the even ticking of the wall clock. Sometimes, crawling along the wall, he keenly listened to a light rustle, inaudible to others, and, raising his hand, stretched it after the fly running along the wallpaper. When the frightened insect took off and flew away, the face of the blind man showed an expression of painful bewilderment. He could not realize that the fly had mysteriously disappeared, but afterwards, even in such cases, his face retained an expression of meaningful attention: he turned his head in the direction the fly flew, his sophisticated ear caught in the air the subtle ringing of its wings. The world, sparkling, moving and sounding around, penetrated into the little head of the blind person mainly in the form of sounds, and his representations were molded into these forms. A special attention to sounds was frozen on his face: the lower jaw was slightly pulled forward on a thin and elongated neck. The eyebrows acquired a special mobility, and the beautiful, but motionless eyes gave the face of the blind a certain stern and at the same time touching imprint. VI The third winter of his life was coming to an end. The snow was already melting in the courtyard, the spring streams were ringing, and at the same time the health of the boy, who had kept everything in winter and therefore spent all of it in the rooms, without going out into the air, began to recover. They took out the second frames, and the spring burst into the room with a vengeance. The light-flooded windows gazed out the laughing spring sun, bare bristles of beeches swayed, in the distance the fields blackened, along which in places lay white mottled snows, in places barely noticeable green grass was breaking through. For a blind boy, she burst into the room only with her hurried noise. He heard the streams of spring water running, as if in pursuit of Friend, jumping over the stones, cutting into the depths of the softened earth; branches of beeches whispered outside the windows, colliding and clinking with light blows on the glass. Hurry spring drops from icicles hanging on the roof, caught in the morning frost and now warmed up by the sun, knocked with a thousand ringing blows. These sounds fell into the room, like bright and ringing pebbles that quickly beat off an iridescent beat. From time to time, through this ringing and noise, the shouts of the rumblings smoothly swept from a distant height and gradually fell silent, as if quietly melting in the air. On the boy's face this animation of nature was reflected in painful bewilderment. With an effort he knitted his eyebrows, stretched his neck, listened and then, as if alarmed by the incomprehensible bustle of sounds, suddenly stretched out his arms, looking for his mother, and rushed to her, clinging tightly to her breast. - What's with him? the mother asked herself and others. Uncle Maksim carefully looked into the boy's face and could not explain his incomprehensible anxiety. - He ... cannot understand, - the mother guessed, catching on her son's face an expression of painful bewilderment and a question. Indeed, the child was alarmed and restless: he was first picking up new sounds, then surprised that the old ones, to which he had already begun to get used, suddenly ceased and disappeared somewhere. VII The chaos of spring turmoil fell silent. Under the hot rays of the sun, the work of nature became more and more in its own rut, life seemed to be strained, its forward [Progressive - directed forward] course became more impetuous, like the run of a parted train. In the meadows, a young grass turned green, the smell of birch buds was in the air. They decided to take the boy out into the field, on the bank of a nearby river. His mother led him by the hand. Uncle Maxim walked beside him on his crutches, and all of them were heading towards the coastal mound, which had already been sufficiently dried by the sun and the wind. He turned green with a thick ant, and from him a view of the distant space opened up. A bright day hit the heads of the mother and Maxim. The sunbeams warmed their faces, the spring wind, as if flapping invisible wings, drove away this warmth, replacing it with fresh coolness. There was something intoxicating in the air, up to bliss, to languor. The mother felt that the little hand of the child was tightly gripped in her hand, but the intoxicating breeze of spring made her less sensitive to this manifestation of childish anxiety. She sighed deeply and walked forward, not turning around; if she did, she would see the strange expression on the boy's face. He turned his open eyes towards the sun with mute surprise. His lips parted; he breathed in the air in swift gulps, like a fish taken out of water; an expression of painful delight broke through the time on the helplessly bewildered face, ran over it with some tonic blows, illuminating it for a moment, and was immediately replaced by an expression of surprise, reaching the level of fright and a bewildered question. Only one eye still looked with the same level and motionless, blind gaze. When they reached the knoll, they all three sat down on it. When the mother lifted the boy off the ground to make him more comfortable, he again frantically grabbed onto her dress; he seemed afraid that he would fall somewhere, as if he did not feel the ground beneath him. But this time the mother did not notice the disturbing movement, because her eyes and attention were riveted on the wonderful spring picture. It was noon. The sun rolled quietly across the blue sky. From the hill on which they sat, a wide-flowing river could be seen. It has already carried its ice floes, and only from time to time on its surface floated and melted in some places the last of them, standing out with white specks, On the flooded meadows [Flooded meadows - meadows flooded with water during the flood of the river] stood water in wide estuaries [Liman - gulf ]; white clouds, reflecting in them together with the overturned azure vault, floated quietly in the depths and disappeared, as if they were melting, like ice skins. From time to time a slight ripple ran from the wind, sparkling in the sun. Dalsheza river blackened melted cornfields and soared, covering the distant hovels, covered with thatch, and dimly sketched blue stripes with a floating, swaying haze. The earth seemed to sigh, and something rose from it to the sky, like a club of sacrificial incense [Sacrificial incense is the smoke of aromatic substances burned when making a sacrifice to the deity according to the rituals of some religions]. Nature sprawled around like a great temple prepared for the celebration. But for the blind man, it was only an inexplicable darkness that was unusually agitated around, stirred, rumbled and tinkled, reaching out to him, touching his soul from all sides with still unknown, unusual impressions, from the influx of which a child's heart was beating painfully. From the very first steps, when the rays of a warm day hit his face, warmed skin, he instinctively turned his blind eyes to the sun, as if feeling to which center everything around him gravitated. For him there was neither this transparent distance, nor the azure vault, nor the wide-open horizon. He felt only like something material, caressing and warm touching his face with a warming foot touch. Then someone cool and light, although less light than the warmth of the sun's rays, removes this bliss from his face and runs over him with a feeling of fresh coolness. In the rooms the boy got used to move freely, feeling emptiness around him. Here he was seized by some strangely changing waves, then gently caressing, skinny and intoxicating. The warm touch of the sun was quickly fanning someone, and a stream of wind, ringing in his ears, covering his face, temples, head to the very nape, stretched around, as if trying to pick up the boy, carry him somewhere into a space that he could not see, taking away his consciousness, evoking a forgetful languor. It was then that the boy's hand gripped his mother's hand more tightly, and his heart froze and seemed about to stop beating altogether. When he was seated, he seemed to calm down somewhat. Now, in spite of the strange sensation that overwhelmed his entire being, he nevertheless began to distinguish individual sounds. The dark gentle waves swept uncontrollably as before, it seemed to him that they were penetrating inside his body, as the shock of the stirring blood rose and fell along with the blows of these waves. But now they brought with them now a bright trill of a lark, now a quiet rustle of a birch tree, now a little audible bursts of the river. A swallow whistled with a light wing, describing bizarre circles not far away, midges tinkled, and over all of this the sometimes drawn-out and sad shout of a plowman on the plain, urging the oxen over the strip being plowed, swept over them. But the boy could not grasp these sounds in their entirety, could not connect them, position them in perspective [That is, he could not understand the degree of distance or proximity of the sounds that reached him]. They seemed to fall, penetrating the dark head, one by one, now quiet, indistinct, now loud, bright, deafening. At times they crowded at the same time, unpleasantly mixing an incomprehensible disharmony [Disharmony - dissonance, discord]. And the winds of the field whistled in his ears, and it seemed to the boy that the waves were running faster and the ichrocat was obscuring all the other sounds that now rush from somewhere else, like a memory of yesterday. And as the sound grew dimmer, a feeling of some tickling languor poured into the boy's chest. His face twitched rhythmically over it; the eyes would close, then open again, the eyebrows moved anxiously, and a question, a heavy effort of thought and imagination, would break through in all features. The consciousness, which had not yet strengthened and was overflowing with new sensations, began to faint: it was still struggling with the impressions that had surged from all sides, trying to resist the middle, merge them into one whole and thus master them, defeat them. But the task was beyond the powers of the dark brain of the child, which lacked visual representations for this work. And the sounds flew and fell one after the other, still too colorful, too sonorous ... The waves that engulfed the boy rose more and more intensely, flying from the surrounding ringing and rumbled darkness and leaving into the same darkness, replaced by new waves, new sounds ... faster , higher, they lifted him more painfully, rocked him, lullied him ... Once again, a long and sad note of a human shout flew over this gloomy chaos, and then all at once fell silent. The boy groaned softly and lay back on the grass. His mother quickly turned to him and also screamed: he was lying on the grass, pale, in a deep faint. VIII Uncle Maxim was very alarmed by this incident. For some time now, he began to write books on physiology [Physiology is a science that studies the functions of the body of humans and animals], psychology [Psychology is a science that studies the human psyche, that is, his mental organization, processes of sensation, perception, thinking, feelings] and pedagogy [Pedagogy - science and methods of education and training] and with his usual energy began to study everything that science gives in relation to the mysterious growth and development of the child's soul. This work attracted him more and more, and therefore gloomy thoughts of suitability for everyday struggle, about the "worm creeping in the dust" and about the "furshtat" had long since disappeared from the veteran's square head [Veteran is an elderly warrior tested in battles] ... In their place, thoughtful attention reigned in this head, at times even pink dreams warmed an aging heart. Uncle Maxim became more and more convinced that nature, which had denied the boy his sight, did not offend him in other respects; it was a being who responded to the external impressions available to him with remarkable fullness and strength. And it seemed to Uncle Maxim that he was called upon to develop the inherent inclinations of a boy, to balance the injustice of blind fate with the effort of his thought and his influence, in order to put a new recruit in the ranks of fighters for the cause of the life of a new recruit [Recruit is a new recruit; here: a new fighter for social justice ], which, without his influence, no one could count on. "Who knows," thought the old Garibaldian, "after all, you can fight not only with a spear and a saber. Perhaps, unjustly offended by fate, over time, the weapon available to him will rise up in defense of others disadvantaged by life, and then I will not live in the world, a mutilated old soldier ..." Even the free thinkers of the forties and fifties were not alien to the superstitious notion of the "mysterious design" of nature. It is not surprising, therefore, that as the child developed, who showed remarkable abilities, Uncle Maxim was finally established in the conviction that blindness itself is only one of the manifestations of these "mysterious designs." "Disadvantaged of the offended" - this is the motto that he put up in advance on the battle banner of his pet. IX After the first spring walk, the boy lay for several days delirious. He lay motionless and silent in his bed, then muttered something and listened to something. And during all this time, the characteristic expression of bewilderment did not leave his face. “Indeed, he looks as if he is trying to understand something and cannot,” said the young mother. Maxim thought about it and nodded his head. He realized that the boy's strange anxiety and sudden fainting were due to an abundance of impressions that his consciousness could not cope with, and decided to allow the recovering boy his impressions gradually, so to speak, dismembered into component parts. In the room where the patient lay, the windows were tightly closed. Then, due to their recovery, they were opened for a while, then he was taken through the rooms, taken out to the porch, to the yard, to the garden. And every time a worried expression appeared on the face of the blind man, the mother explained to him the sounds that struck him. “You can hear the shepherd's horn behind the forest,” she said. - And this is because of the chirping of a sparrow flock, the voice of a robin is heard. The stork screams on its wheel [In Little Russia and Poland, high poles are erected for storks and old wheels are put on, on which the bird curls its nest. (Author's note)]. He flew the other day from distant lands and is building a nest in the old place. And the boy turned his face to her, glowing with gratitude, took his hand and nodded his head, continuing to listen with thoughtful and meaningful attention. X He began to ask about everything that attracted his attention, and his mother or, even more often, Uncle Maxim told him about various subjects and creatures that made certain sounds. The mother's stories, more vivid and vivid, made a greater impression on the boy, but at times the impression was too painful. The young woman, suffering herself, with a touched face, with eyes that looked with helpless complaint and pain, tried to give her child an idea of \u200b\u200bshapes and colors. The boy strained his attention, shifted his eyebrows, and even slight wrinkles appeared on his forehead. Apparently, the child's head was working on an overwhelming task, the dark imagination was beating, trying to create a new idea from indirect data, but nothing came of it. Uncle Maxim always frowned with displeasure in such cases, and when tears appeared in the mother's eyes, and the child's face turned pale from concentrated efforts, then Maxim intervened in the conversation, removed his sister and began his stories, in which, whenever possible, he resorted only to spatial and sound ideas. The blind man's face grew calmer. - Well, what is he like? large? - he asked about the stork, beating off a lazy drum roll on its column. And at the same time the boy spread his arms. He did this in the usual way with similar questions, and Uncle Maxim showed him when to stop. Now he completely parted his little hands, but Uncle Maxim said: `` No, he's much bigger. If you brought him into the room and put him on the floor, his head would be higher than the back of the chair. - Big ... - said the boy thoughtfully. - And the robin - here! - and he slightly parted his palms together. - Yes, such a robin ... But big birds never sing as well as small ones. Robinovka tries to make everyone happy to listen to her. Aahist is a serious bird, it stands on one leg in the nest, looks around like an angry owner at the workers, and grumbles loudly, not caring that his voice is hoarse and strangers can hear it. The boy laughed as he listened to these descriptions, and for a while forgot about his difficult attempts to understand the stories of his mother. But nevertheless, these stories attracted him more, and he preferred to turn with questions to her, and not to Uncle Maxim.
