The difference between deviant behavior from delinquent. Delivened behavior Examples

27.09.2020

Deviant and delinquent behavior

The absorption of social values \u200b\u200band norms is the basis of socialization, and the norms are the basis of social control. The concept of deviation relates to the concept of the norm; If there is no norm, then there can be no deviation from it.

Deviation from generally accepted norms is called in sociology deviant (deviating) behavior.

In a broad sense, the concept of "deviation" means any inconsistency of the behavior of any social norm. In a narrow sense, devianity refers to deviations from informal norms. Deviation from legal norms (violation) is called delinquent behavior As already mentioned above, the deviation from criminal law - criminal behavior. Thus, the widest concept is deviant behavior, narrower - delinquent, even narrower - criminal.

Devianity can be both with a "plus" sign, and with the "minus" sign: negatively deviating behavior and positively deviating. For sociology, genilation and evils - things are quite joint: it is just two types of deviant behavior. But most often, when they talk about deviant behavior, they mean negatively deviating behavior. Dividing behavior as a form of negative devianity has only a negative assessment.

The most common and socially significant for any society forms of deviant behavior are suicide (suicide), alcoholism, drug addiction, sexual successes. The degree of prevalence of negative forms of deviant behavior serves as an indicator of the effectiveness of social control.

In ordinary societies with an undeveloped regulatory system, deviant behavior is easily diagnosed and monitored. The smaller the norms, the less the possibility of deviations. In the complex sockets, including several regulatory systems and a plurality of subcultures, the problem of determining the behavior as deviant and controlle is repeatedly complicated.

The task of social control is to prevent deviation from the norm. The same task is also in prevention (warnings) of delinquent and criminal behavior. The concepts of control and prevention are very close (they have similar goals, some common institutions), but not identical. On the one hand, the concept of control is wider: its object is any social behavior, while the object of prophylaxis is an unlawful. On the other hand, prevention as a genus of social activities includes both the behavior of individuals, and the impact on objective social factors (causes and conditions) contributing to divincional behavior.

The concept of devianity is relative. Deviant behavior within a single culture or community can be considered as normal in another. In primitive society (and some tribes and today) cannibalism, geonstocide (murder of old people), healing and infanticide (killing of children) were considered a normal phenomenon caused by economic reasons (food deficit) or a social device (permission from marriage between relatives).

But devianity is a relative characteristic not only for two different societies or eras, but also two or several large social groups within one society. In this case, they are not talking about culture, but about subculture. An example of such groups - believers, young people, women, pensioners, national minorities. So, the ingun of the church service is deviation from the standpoint of a believer person, but the norm from the position of the unbeliever. The etiquette of the noble class was required by appeal by the name-patronymic, and the diminutive name ("ring" or "nikitka") - the rate of appeal in the lower layers - was considered from the first deviation.

Murder in war is allowed and even rewarded, but in peacetime is punished. In some countries, prostitution is legal (legalized), in other countries it is considered illegal and deviant. It follows that the criteria of devianity are relative to this culture and cannot be considered in the separation from it.

Devianity criteria change over time within noah and the same culture.

After World War II, smoking received widespread and social approval in the US. Smoking in the apartment or in the office was considered normal behavior. But in 1957, scientists have proven that smoking is the cause of many serious diseases, including lung cancer. Gradually, the general public began a campaign against smoking. And today in the US, smokers turned into an object of universal condemnation.

In the USSR in the 60-70s, school teachers fought with "long-haired" disciples, seeing the imitation of the "bourgeois lifestyle" and signs of moral plant. In the late 1980s, our society has changed and long hair has turned from deviation to normal.

Thus, the deviation is relative to the historical era, b) of the culture of society. Relativity in sociology is called relativism.

The deviant, which is mentioned above is the deviation from the norms of culture, i.e. Cultural deviant. It should not be identified with mental deviance, with the so-called "mental anomalies". Very often in mental anomalies (various sorts of accentuation, psychopathy, oligophrenia, etc.), i.e. Deviations from the mental norm, see the cause of crimes - deviations from the social norm.

Recently, many studies have been conducted, which established that among criminals many persons (according to various data from 25 to 80%) with mental anomalies. From this, it would seem, we can conclude that crimes mainly make people with anomalies. But this is not quite the case (and disaster in these studies is not accidental). First, many anomalies are not hereditary, but acquired, and very often the socio-moral nestness of the person qualify as a mental anomaly (especially in adolescents). Secondly, the above-mentioned digits on anomalies are not official data of forensic psychiatric examinations, but by data of sample studies conducted by very different techniques. Thirdly, most studies are carried out among the convicts for imprisonment. But, as you know, the conditions of imprisonment places are a powerful stressful factor that negatively affects the human psyche. And ordinary techniques do not allow to identify when anomalies arose - before the commission of a crime or after, during the period of serving the sentence.

Mental anomalies, of course, affect the behavior of a person, because they can cause serious difficulties during socialization - it is harder to study, it is difficult to obtain a highly qualified profession, etc. But, in contrast to moral deviations, mental anomalies are not the result of socialization.

The approval of the presence of a direct connection between mental anomalies and criminal behavior means that social correction is impossible and preventing the criminal behavior of mentally abnormal (but imputed) subjects is unpromising. Therefore, for sociology and criminology in the study of mental anomalies, another approach is a more fruitful approach - the study should be directed to the search for communications not to species of anomalies with certain forms of criminal behavior, but mental disorders with the peculiarities of the process of socialization of abnormal individuals.

More often than in other age groups, deviant behavior is observed in adolescents. The objective cause of this circumstance is that at minor the socialization process (the assimilation of the norms) and the process of forming divinted behavior (deviation from the norms) on time coincide. And one (delinquency) is a consequence of shortcomings and failures in another (socialization).

The life experience of a teenager is small and fragmented, character and views were finally not formed. Because of this, the assessment of the situation is often inadequate, small experience and inadequacy of the assessment of the situation determine the wrong foresight of the consequences.

In addition, they play the role and features of age:

social - There is a change in socialization spheres. The family as the main institution of the child's socialization is replaced by educational and labor collectives and informal groups;

socio-psychological - The teen behavior line is formed under the influence of contradictory factors. For minors are characteristic of both elevated conformity (compliance with a group) and the desire for independence. This causes instability, the situationality of the behavior of juveniles;

psychological - The process of puberty exacerbates (accentuates) the manifestation of certain qualities (increased excitability, impulsivity, etc.). Everything This is a certain extent and determines the increased incidence of minors to divinted behavior.

According to the UN, about 30% of all young people take part in any illegal actions, and 5% commit serious offenses.

Sociologists have established a pattern: the person is easier to assimilate the samples of deviant behavior, the more often with them faces and the younger age.

It comes from this differential Communication Theory (Association) american criminologist Edwina Saterland (1883-1950). This theory says that criminal behavior, like any other behavior, study, and study with those who have a closer connection. (Sometimes this theory is ironically called the theory of "bad company"). The degree of influence on a person of certain samples of behavior depends on the degree of its relationship with one or another person (or a group of persons): Communicating mainly with criminals, a person will most likely become a criminal, communicating with law-abiding persons - law-abiding (communication differentiation). In poor districts, no crime, much easier to become a criminal:

learn to relevant techniques, work out skills, find partners, sell stolen, etc.

A person does not inherit criminal inclinations. Individual differences between people if and affect crime, then only to the extent that they determine the frequency and stability of contacts with samples of criminal behavior. Emotional stresses in the family are meaningful insight, as they drive a person from home and pushed him to contact with offenders.

The theory of differentiated communication is descriptive, and not explanatory theory: it describes the mechanism of assimilation of behavior samples, the effects of which are subject to an individual, but does not explain where the criminal behavior comes from. The theory of E. Saterland was one of the first theories describing the process of reproducing crime, it caused serious scientific discussions and contributed to the development of the criminological theories of the sociological direction.

Currently, socio-economic factors, sometimes called social costs of conducted economic reforms, are currently in Russia for divinctual behavior of young people. The most vulnerable was such a major institution of socialization as a family. The rapid impoverishment of a significant part of the population, unemployment, the growth of drunkenness and alcoholism lead to the collapse of the family. The consequence of this is a significant increase in minor neglect, vagrancy, begging, involving them into immoral and criminal activity. The problem of social orphanhood was sharply aggravated, i.e. The actual lack of families with living parents evading the upbringing of children, deprived of parental rights or in places of imprisonment. The number of offenders from such socially unsettled groups such as migrants and forced migrants increased.

Since, as above, the process of socialization and the process of forming divinted behavior in minors coincide in time, the main direction in the prevention of divinctual behavior of juveniles is social prophylaxis, The purpose of which is to create conditions contributing to the normal formation of a teenager. It should be covered by all the main spheres of socialization: family, school, labor collective, the scope of communication and leisure. The well-thoughtful social policy of the state, including assistance to the family in the education of children, improving education at school, improving labor education, the creation of conditions for conducting a meaningful leisure - all this contains significant anticriminal potential. The center of gravity in preventive work with minors should be postponed from entities from a law enforcement system to state and public organizations.

The social significance of the problem of teenage delinquency is due to the special place of the younger generation in society. The task of protecting the life, physical and moral health of the future nation, the all-time social and legal protection of the legitimate rights and interests of minors and young people is prioritized in the internal policy of any civilized state. Any normal society is particularly painfully reacting to the injury to the crime of the social group of minors.

Deviation and diversity

Devianity should not be considered as a purely negative phenomenon. As mentioned above, deviations are both negative and positive. Devianity is a source diversity - Basics of social development (evolution). A variety is also associated with devianity, as uniformity - with the norm. The norms and devianity are two inextricably related parties to social progress.

At all times, the society tried to prevent deviations in the behavior of its members. If we speak abstractly, in principle, any deviations carry a threat to social stability: genius and madness, heroism and betrayal. But practically social control asymmetrical: Negative deviations are more often condemned, positive - approve. The history of mankind shows that the fight against deviations is often reborn into the fight against diversity - feelings, thoughts, actions.

On one of his pole, the most disarmed types of behavior will be arranged: drug addiction, vandalism, crime, sacredness, etc.;

On the other pole, the most approved deviations will be located: heroism, self-sacrifice, genius, etc.

If a statistical counting, it turns out that in normally developing societies and under normal conditions for each of these groups will have about 10-15% of the total population, and 70% are "solid middle peasants" - people with insignificant deviations.

During the survey of residents of New York, 99% of respondents admitted that they committed one or more illegal actions, for example, stored in the store, cheated a tax inspector or commissioning, not to mention the more innocent stages - late for work, the transportation of the street or smoking In the wrong places.

One of the first to tie to the existence of delinquency and crime with categories of norms and pathology, deviations and diversity, was an outstanding French sociologist Emil Durkheim. He just like W.Lombrose (1835-1909), considered crime as a natural phenomenon, but unlike him he did not consider it a pathological, but a normal phenomenon, an integral part of any healthy society. As A. Ketle, E. Durkheim paid special attention to such a crime property, as stability, that it exists in all the societies of all types, but in his conclusions he went much further. The man does not like the pain in the same way, wrote E. Durkheim, as a society crime, and yet pain - the function of normal physiology.

But if some phenomenon is steadily and constantly, then in accordance with the concept of structural and functional analysis (one of whose founder was E. Durkheim) it should carry out a certain social function. According to E. Durkheim, the function of crime is evolutionary. The state of crime can serve as an indicator of the level of social development. Development is a deviation from established norms and rules. Society should give freedom to occur in deviations, but freedom of indivision: it makes it possible both for positive and negative deviations. If society does not give such freedom (totalitarian regimes), the crime level falls, but development slows down. Therefore, it is abnormal as too high the crime level (anomioma) and too low (stagnation). From this point of view, it is explained why crime in socialist countries was much smaller than in capitalist. For democracy and freedom, you have to pay, including the growth of crime.

But crime is not only an indicator of the development of society, it can be directly an evolutionary factor (this is the most brave and paradoxical conclusion of E. Durkheim). Often the crime (the crime of Socrates in antiquity, the crimes of heretics in the Middle Ages) directly prepare the soil for the formation of new rules of morality and law. If we apply this approach to our reality, it can be said that since we have no salars of market psychology, and Jordan Bruno, and the mining workers, the currency and the "shops", so far and should not be surprised that the face of young Russian capitalism is disfigured by vicious criminal polity .

In the broad sense, "Deviation" implies any actions or actions that do not correspond to:

a) unwritten standards

b) writing standards. In the narrow sense, "Deviation" refers only to the first J

the type of inconsistency, and the second type was called divincional behavior. As you know, social norms are of two types:

1) writing - formally fixed in the Constitution, criminal law and other legal laws, the observance of which is guaranteed by the state

2) Unwritten - informal norms and rules of conduct, the observance of which is not guaranteed by the legal aspects of the state. They are fixed only by traditions, customs, etiquette, manners, i.e., by some conventions, or silent agreements between people on what to consider due, the right, attractive behavior.

Violation of formal norms is called delinkvent (criminal) behavior, and violation of informal norms - deviant (deviating) behavior.

What do they differ from each other?

You can differ as follows. First relatively And the second absolutely. The fact that for one person or group is deviation, then for another or others can be a habit. The highest class considers its behavior of the norm, and the behavior of representatives of other classes, especially the lower deviation. Deviant behavior relative, for it is related to the cultural norms of this group only. But delinquent behavior is absolutely in relation to the laws of robbery by trenders of social bases, from their point of view, it is necessary to be normalized by the type of earnings or a way to establish social justice. But this is not a deviation, but a crime, since there is an absolute norm - legal law, qualifying a robbery as a crime.

Help '"in Russia in 1994 According to the CIA, 6,000 organized criminal groups scattered throughout Russia also operated. Only in Moscow more than 1,000 doors and firms providing intimate services. In elite and street prostitution, 70% - Noshosmuvichek .

Deliverance. The situation, bribery, robbery or murders violate the main laws of the state, guaranteeing personal rights, and are criminally prosecuted. The court is committed on the criminals, they are determined by the measure of punishment and for different time limits (depending on the severity of the criminal act), refer to correctional or hard work, put in prison or determine the conditional measure of restraint (partial limitation in rights). This is an extremely wide class of phenomena - from a short-free travel to the murder of man.

Crimes include fraud, embezzlement, production of fake documents, bribes, industrial espionage, vandalism, theft, hacking, autocracks, arson, prostitution, gambling and other varieties of illegal actions.

Deviangne. A contrary, such actions, like the exposure of genitals, emptying or sessing sex in public places, foul language, loud or excited conversation, do not violate criminal law, but contradict the norms of behavior. The only way of punishment is to attract administrative responsibility, payment of the fine, oral condemnation of people or disappromances, oblique views of passersby.

Forms of deviant behavior include criminal crime, alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, homosexuality, gambling, mental disorder, suicide.

Deviant and delinquent behavior

The establishment of certain rules of the behavior of the behavior due to moral, legal and ethical norms, it allows people to harmoniously coexist, and also significantly affects the development of society as a whole. However, despite this, some individuals, due to various reasons, refuse to accept and comply with the rules, thereby demonstrating deviant and delinquent behavior.

In general, the deviation means deviation from any norms and concepts. As well as any other type, deviating behavior can have its own negative and positive parties. So, for example, the vision of the world by the artist, differing from previously adopted canons can also be a deviant behavior, but in general, it is generally affected by the development of culture.

However, the positive manifestation of this type of behavior in reality is extremely rare, and it is worth remembering, characterizing the deviant behavior that it is, above all, the manifestation of insufficient socialization of the individual.

An extreme negative form of deviation of behavior is delinquent behavior. This term comes from English an offense. In other words, it can be said that delinquent behavior is the commission of unlawful actions aimed against society and prosecuted by criminal law.

A more than the manifestation of deviation is susceptible to teenagers for whom this type of behavior is the practical natural stage during the search for its own place in society. At the same time, the deviant behavior of adolescents can manifest themselves rather vividly or in a slightly.

The fact is that in adolescence, a person has a constantly experimenting, discovering new knowledge and hobbies. The results of such behavior are greater dependent on the environment of the individual, which is reflected in its further socialization. For example, if in the adolescence, a person communicated in a small society for which immoral or asocial behavior is inherent, the proportion of the likelihood is that the deviation will become the norm for him in its continued life.

Types of deviant behavior

In practical psychology, there are three types of deviant behavior of an individual:

Disciplinary violation is a deviation from moral norms of behavior, without harming the environment. This includes such manifestations as a violation of the charter. educational institutions or enterprises of employers, conflict generations, formation of youth informal flows, etc.
The offenses or crime is the manifestation of delinquent behavior with the cause of varying degrees of damage.
Mental deviations caused by diseases. In this case, when establishing an individual with similar manifestations, it is necessary to carry out treatment and isolation from society.

Based on the foregoing, you can allocate different reasons Deviant behavior:

Biological factors - psychological diseases hereditary or injured, anatomical deviations impeding socialization process, physical disadvantages are not accepted by society.
Psychological factors - violation of the basic functions of psyche, emotional instability, pronounced individual character traits, neuropsychiatric diseases.
Socio-pedagogical factors are insufficient education, poor attitude in family or educational institutions, asocial or immoral environment, ill-treatment.
Socio-economic factors - separation of society on social interlayers, from the point of view of financial well-being, a massive poverty that contributes to an increase in criminal actions, the possibility of self-realization.
Moral and ethical factors - a violation of moral principles inherent in a humane society, the loss of spiritual values, a narrow emphasis on the material, neglect of the value of human life.

Negative deviating behavior, examples of which today can be found literally everywhere, closely connected with low levels intellectual Development Individual individuals, the quality of education as a whole, and also due to a limited circle of interest, primarily young people. So, for example, according to statistics, the teenagers from disadvantaged families, as well as in families, where children from an early age are not paying enough attention, is observed.

There are often cases of negative deviant behavior and in well-widespread families, where parental attention is often replaced by the indulgence of whims and material benefits. Also, significantly higher than the percentage of deviation in small weakly developed settlements, where there is no possibility of organizing cultural leisure of young people (sports halls, libraries, theaters, artistic circles, etc.).

Love yourself and change your life

Beauty is a big deal

Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you how you look

Deviant and delinquent behavior. Basic forms of deviation

Devianity is unusual, but at the same time a stable deviation from statistical norms. Deviant is considered a steady image of action, behavior or thinking, which is not typical of the overall population.

Deviant behavior (from. Eng. Deviation - deviation) - actions that are not appropriately established or actually established in this society ( social group) Moral and legal norms and leading violators (devix) to isolation, treatment, correction or punishment.

Usually, we evaluate the behavior as a deviant depending on whether it receives a negative assessment and causes a hostile reaction. Thus, this is an estimated definition imposed on specific behaviors of various social groups.

A comparison of different cultures shows that the same actions approve in some societies and are unacceptable in others. Determining behavior as deviant depends on time, places and groups of people. For example, if ordinary people Sleeping the crypts, they are branded as dockers, but if archaeologists make it, they are talking about them with approval, as scientists who are prompted by the borders of knowledge. However, after all, in both cases, foreign sneakers invade the burial sites and from there some items. One more example. Sociability, modern clothing and an open face of a European woman are unacceptable in many traditional Muslim countries.

These examples indicate that deviations cannot be an objective characteristic of human behavior. The society itself decides, to consider or not to consider some kind of behavior deviant. This does not mean that such phenomena like murder, theft, sexual perversions, mental deviations, alcoholism, gambling and ill-treatment of children, etc., could not have a place if they had no social definitions. It is simply crucial of how people determine behavior and how concrete people react to it.

The same behavior can be considered by one group as a deviation, and the other - as the norm. Moreover, much depends on the social context in which such behavior is observed. For example, the appearance in a drunk at work causes dissatisfaction with others, but at the New Year party, it is this behavior of its participants is quite natural. Dragging sexual relations and divorces, just one generation ago caused a strong condemnation in society, now in general are considered the norm. Most people are considering deviant behavior as bad, as a behavior, which is a source of social problems. The reason for such estimates is the result of negative or destructive consequences that the majority of deviations from the norm entails.

Deviant behavior is a behavior that is not a violation of criminal legislation, that is, it is not illegal, but simply does not coincide with the standards adopted in society. For example, homosexuality is purely deviant in the narrow sense of the word behavior. In the recent past, homosexuality was considered as criminal behavior and appropriately punished, but at present the society became tolerant to such deviations.

Features of deviant behavior: 1) His relativity (the fact that for the same group is a deviation for another - the norm (for example, intimate relations in the family - the norm, in the labor collective - deviation);

2) historical character (what was considered by the deviation before, now - the norm, and on the contrary; for example, private entrepreneurship in Soviet times and today);

3) ambivalentity b (The deviation is positive (heroism) and negative (laziness)).

Negative consequences of deviation are obvious. If individual individuals are not able to perform certain social norms or consider their execution optional for themselves, their actions are applied to society damage (bring harm to other people, distort and even interrupt significant social ties and relationships, bring the breakdown of a group or society as a whole).

The classification of species and forms of deviant behavior can be laid various bases. Depending on the subject (i.e., who violates the norm), deviant behavior may be individual or group. From the point of view of the object (ie, what rule is broken), deviant behavior is divided into the following categories:

1 is an abnormal behavior deviating from mental health standards and implying the presence of explicit or hidden psychopathology;

2 is asocial or antisocial behavior that violates some social and cultural norms, especially legal. When such actions are relatively negligible, they are called offenses, and when they are serious and punished in criminal procedure - crimes.

The main forms of deviant behavior in modern conditions include crime, alcoholism, prostitution, drug addiction. Each form of deviation has its own specifics.

Crime. Crime is a reflection of the vices of humanity. And so far eradicated it is not a single society. The factors affecting crime include: social status, occupation, education, poverty as an independent factor. A large influence on the state of crime was transmitted to market relations: the emergence of phenomena such as competition, unemployment, inflation.

Alcoholism. In fact, alcohol entered our lives, becoming an element of social rituals, a prerequisite for official ceremonies, holidays, some methods of pastime, solving personal problems. However, this situation is expensive to society. According to statistics, 90% of cases of hooliganism, 90% of rape with aggravating circumstances, almost 40% of other crimes are associated with intoxication. Murders, robbery, robber attacks, applying serious injuries in 70% of cases are taken by persons in a drunk; About 50% of all divorces are also associated with drunkenness.

The consequences of drunkenness and alcoholism are economic, material damage from crime and accidents, the costs of treating patients with alcoholism, the content of law enforcement agencies. It is not amenable to material accounting for the damage to spiritual and moral relations in society, the family.

Addiction. The term comes from the Greek words of Narke - "Cleaning" and Mania - "rabies, madness." This disease, which is expressed in physical and (or) mental dependence on narcotic drugs, gradually leading to deep depletion of the physical and mental functions of the body. Drug addiction (drugs) as a social phenomenon is characterized by the degree of prevalence of drug use or substances equal to them without medical testimony, which includes both drug abuse and painful (usual) consumption. For many years, drug addiction was considered a phenomenon belonging to an exclusively Western way of life.

The results of sociological studies show that the main motives of drug consumption are thirst for pleasures, the desire to experience the thrill, Euphoria. And since we are in most cases about young people, these motives are strengthened by social immaturity, carelessness, frivolous. Drug consumption in the youth environment is very often group in nature. Many drug addicts take drugs in public places (on the streets, in the courtyards, in cinemas, in a cafe, on the beaches), some can do it in any place.

Most addicts to some extent aware of the danger threatening them and critically refers to their addiction. Do not see anything bad in the consumption of drugs, mostly novice young smokers Gasisha, often even braving it. The coming after taking the drug excitation, the raised mood for many inexperience and ignorance is taken for the beneficial effect of this substance for health. But at a certain stage of physical and mental degradation, most drug addicts clearly realize that it is waiting for them further, although no longer abandoning this habit.

Suicide. Suicid is the intention to deprive itself of life, an increased risk of committing suicide. This form of deviating behavior of a passive type is a way to care from unsolvable problems, from life itself.

World experience of suicide research identifies the basic laws of suicide behavior. Suicides are more typical for highly developed countries, and today there is a tendency to increase their number.

Finally, the relationship of suicide behavior with other forms of social deviations is undoubtedly, for example, with drunkenness. The forensic examination establishes: 68% of men and 31% of women committed themselves with life, being in a state of alcohol intoxication. Registered as chronic alcoholics consisted of 12% of the suicide of men and 20.2% of all who had seen on their lives.

The most socially dangerous form of deviation is criminal behavior, which in sociology is called divinted. The most important feature of delinquent behavior is that, in contrast to the deviant it is absolute (that is, unacceptable in all social groups of society)

The term "delinquent behavior" refers to a combination of unlawful actions that are not subject to criminal penalties, but already being a minor offense.

If the behavior not approved by public opinion is called Deminent, the behavior that is not approved by the law is delinquent. The line between delinquent and criminal behavior is where the scope of administrative responsibility ends and the region of criminal punishable actions begins. For example, if a teenager is registered in the child's children's room, does not attend school, appears in a drunk company in public places, his behavior is delinquent, but not criminal. It will become criminal when he committed an act, regarded by law as a criminal offense, and will be convicted of law as a criminal.

The most advantageous to the divinction group of the population is the youth, primarily growing and passing socialization in a criminal or deviant environment. Such a medium or family in everyday terminology is called disadvantaged. Most often, the tendency towards divinner behavior arises under the influence of drinking parents who often visited the places of imprisonment.

Delivens include administrative offenses, expressed in violation of the rules road, small hooliganism (foul language, obscene branch in public places, offensive to citizens and other similar actions that violate the public order and tranquility of citizens). As administrative offenses, drinking alcoholic beverages on the streets, in stadiums, in squares, parks, in all types of public transport and other public places; The appearance in public places in a drunken form, insulting human dignity and public morality; bringing a minor to the state of intoxication by parents or other persons. Enhance administrative responsibility and such devices as a prostitution, the spread of pornographic materials or items, etc., the list of which in the legislation on administrative offenses is rather extensive.

Disciplinary misconduct as a type of divinted behavior is an unlawful, guilty non-fulfillment or improper performance by an employee of its employment duties. Disciplinary misconduct (drilled without good reasons, absenteeism without valid causes of students, the appearance at work in a state of alcoholic, drug or toxic intoxication, drinking alcohol, drug use or toxic toxic equipment and during working hours, violation of labor protection rules, etc. .) Enhance the disciplinary responsibility provided for by labor law.

A special public danger represents such a kind of divinted behavior as a crime. Crimes are only those socially dangerous acts that are provided for by the criminal law and prohibited by them under the threat of punishment. These include theft and murders, car grows and vandalism (desecration of structures and damage to property), terrorism and rape, fraud and illicit drug trafficking and psychotropic substances. These and many other crimes entail the most stringent measures of state coercion - punishment and other measures of criminal responsibility (public works, fine, arrest, imprisonment, etc.).

So, in this paper, we considered the most important theoretical problems arising from the study of the psychology of deviating behavior.

We tried to find out what deviating behavior, what is its causes. Considered what is understood under rejecting behavior today.

As mentioned above, under the deviant (deviating) behavior can be understood:

1) a deed, actions of a person who are not appropriately established or actually established in this society standards (standards, templates);

2) Social phenomenon expressed in mass forms of human activity that are not relevant to the norms officially established or in fact in this society (standards, templates).

Deviations can occur in the field of individual behavior, they are actions of specific people prohibited by public norms. At the same time, there are many deviating subcultures in each society, whose norms are condemned by the generally accepted dominant morality of society. Such deviations are defined as group.

The importance of studying these problems is obvious: deviating behavior is a social and psychological phenomenon that has some deviations from recognized norms and laws, and sometimes associated with certain antisocial behavior of people. Deviations themselves can take a variety of forms: criminals, hermits, ascetics, saints, geniuses, etc.

Explain such behavior, reveal its reasons, to find effective ways and means of warning can be possible only with a deep study of the psychology of deviating behavior.

What are deviant and delinquent deviations express?

Deviant and delinquent behavior are varieties of action that do not correspond to social templates, which is the foundation of socialization. In general, an understanding of the deliquets imply the commission of illegal events, and the deviation is actions that go beyond the scratch and unwritten social norms.

Scripture standards include formally recorded norms in legal legislation. Unwritten is informal rules of activity enshrined by customs, traditions and etiquette.

Typology and causes of devianity

Under this term in sociology, the individuals of the individual differing from the installations in the specific public environment that serve to preserve social order are implied. Deviations can be both negative, leading to the destruction of the system, and positive, pursuing the goal of the fight against the canons who have buried themselves. But both demonstrations of deviation project reluctance or inability to adapt to generally accepted prescriptions, indicating the weak skill of adaptability.

However, relatively deviant and delinquent behavior, adolescent actions should be considered separately. It all depends directly from the individual qualities of the child and the level of its mental and physical development. According to Zmanovskaya E. V., up to 5 years in children there is no one's own understanding of well-known plants, and control is assigned to adults. The awareness of generally accepted obstacles appears at the age of about 9 years.

Psyche disorders, alcoholism, passionate for gambling, drug addiction, crime, prostitution or suicide, each such digression from standards is a form of deviant behavior.

Relying on the opinion of Mendeleviya V. D., these manifestations can be divided into categories by ways of disorders and relationships with reality:

dividing behavior as a form of criminal prosecuted actions;
patoCharacterological, explaining by pathological transformations of the nature acquired in the process of education;
addictive - the desire to burn out from reality with certain substances or regular repetition of monotonous actions to obtain strong emotions;
psychopathological, based on the demonstration of symptoms of diseases and disorders associated with the psyche;
based on abilities, significantly exceeding the average.

The most reliable, relative to the conditions of the formation of deviations, are the conclusions of theories from the sociological field:

psychological prerequisites: dementia, psychopathy or degenerativeness;
infection by the evil spiritual and cultural views of representatives of higher layers from lower estates;
blurring of standard motivation formulas in difficult situations;
inequality - differences in the possibilities of satisfying needs provokes from representatives of the low-class antisocial mood;
conflict of interest between different communities and society;
class public policy, allegedly protecting the interests of the economically dominant estate and oppressive rights of oppressed classes;
anomios - devaluation of cultural aspects of life, conscience, worldview, as a result of social development by revolutionary methods;
also, natural, technogenic and social cataclysms, reinforcing inequalities that have a negative impact on the psyche of individuals who undermine the organization of law enforcement structures are played.

Typology and causes of delinquency

Under divisionable behavior, unlawful acts are implied, aimed at causing harm to any people or society.

Qualitative typology of divinquency forms can be carried out, based on violated industries and the degree of risk for society. Formally, deliquets are divided into several categories:

Civil law. It is causing moral or property damage to a separate person or legal entity, for example, discredit of the reputation of the personality, etc.
Administrative are expressed in violation of administrative laws regulating by the state and its subjects: begging, smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages in unidentified places, etc.
Disciplinary - misconduct, characterized by non-compliance with the articles of the Labor Code: the appearance at work in a drunk, absenteeism, intentional damage of the property of the employer, etc.
Criminal offenses consisting in events contrary to the country's criminal legislation: fraud, robbery, hooliganism, theft, rape, murder.

Such factors include the following:

traumatic experiences, provoked by ignoring from parents of the child's needs in attachment, care and tenderness;
repeated use of psychological or bodily punishment;
difficulties in the development of moral consciousness due to lack of fatherly influence;
fixation on the circumstances of acute injury at an early age;
potaking children's whims, lack of parental demand;
intensive stimulation;
lack of a clear assimilation of the rules due to inconsistent requirements;
changing guardians;
permanent family quarrels, especially dangerous cases with the cruelty of the Father in relation to the mother;
adverse personal features are too demanding the head of the family and an indulgent mother;
instrumentation from the young years of invalid values \u200b\u200bfrom the outside.

How to distinguish two concepts?

What is the difference between deviant and delinquent behavior?

Deviant and divinted behavior can be distinguished according to the following principle: Devianity is relative, and the delinquency absoluteness. The relationship between them, as the relationship between private and integer, native and view.

Any illegal antisocial action is a deviation, but not every deviating act is delinquency. Something that is familiar to one individual or group may be regarded as unnatural for another person or subculture.

The difference of these concepts is that the problem of deviant properties only applies to the cultural component of individual associations. Deliveness is directly related to the need to comply with regulatory legal acts.

Deviant and delinquent behavior

Being in society, a person must comply with generally accepted norms. How qualitatively he manifests it, characterizes its cultural level of development. In case of deviation from the above-mentioned norms, his behavior will be called deviant or deviating, but formal - criminal and, as yet referred to, delinquent.

Deviant and delinquent personality behavior

Data two types of behavior differ in that:

the first is relative, because it refers to the cultural standards of a purely single group;
the second is absolute in relation to the norms established by the state.

For a clearer understanding of these two concepts, we give an example. People who committed street robbery, consider it to be, for example, work, the type of making money or, as if Robin Hood is fighting, thus fighting for justice in society. But there is a legal law, according to which this action should be considered as a crime, and this is no longer a deviation (deviant behavior).

In other words, the deviant (deviating) is all those actions that they contradict expectations, norms officially established, or over the years in a certain social group and delinquent - the behavior that is considered socially deviating.

If we talk about it in more detail, then:

Under the concept of "delinquent behavior", the acts of personality, which are unlawful, that is, such that they are rejected from the laws established in a particular society, but also threatening life, well-being, social order of other individuals. In the psychology actions of such a person personality - delinquent. They are called delictions, the behavior of this species itself is regulated, first of all, through disciplinary rules, laws, social norms. The society actively condemns and seeks to punish the deck of delinven. It is worth noting that at the basis of the motives of the actions of the violator of the law there is an internal conflict between the personal aspirations and interests of society.

If the law is permissible in the concept of delinquent behavior is the law, then in deviant - social norms, standards, and in this case, individuals, in order to achieve the desired, are ready to resort to various means. Such personalities are becoming or offenders, or criminals.

Copying information is allowed only with direct and indexed reference to the original source

Deviant and delinquent behavior;

The assimilation of social norms is the basis of socialization. Compliance with these norms is determined by the cultural level of society. The deviation from generally accepted norms is called in sociology by deviant behavior. In the broad sense, "Deviation" implies any actions or actions that do not correspond to: a) unwritten standards, b) writing standards. In the narrow sense, "Deviation" refers only to the first type of inconsistency, and the second type was called divincional behavior.

Social norms are of two types:

1) written- formally fixed in the Constitution, criminal law and other legal laws, which are guaranteed by the state.

2) Unwritten -Nformal norms and rules of conduct, the observance of which is not guaranteed by the legal aspects of the state.

They are fixed only by traditions, customs, etiquette, manners, i.e. Some conventions, or silent agreements between people on what to consider due, the right, attractive behavior.

Violation of formal norms is called delinquent (criminal) behavior, and violation of informal norms - deviant (deviating) behavior. What do they differ from each other? Deminent and delinquent behavior can be distinguished as follows. The first is relative, and the second is absolutely. It is that for one person or group - a deviation, then for another or others can be a habit; The highest class considers its behavior of the norm, and the behavior of representatives of other classes, especially the lower deviation. Deviant behavior relative, for it is related to the cultural norms of this group only. But delinquent behavior is absolutely in relation to the laws of the country. Street robbery by representatives of social bases can, from their point of view, to be considered a normal type of earnings or a way to establish social justice. But this is not a deviation, but a crime, since there is an absolute norm - legal law, qualifying a robbery as a crime.

Dividing. Theft, bribery, robbery or killings violate the main laws of the state, guaranteeing personal rights, and are criminally prosecuted. The court is committed on the criminals, they are determined by the measure of punishment and for different time limits (depending on the severity of the criminal act), refer to correctional or hard work, put in prison or determine the conditional measure of restraint (partial limitation in rights). This is an extremely wide class of phenomena - from a short-free travel to the murder of man. Crimes include fraud, embezzlement, production of fake documents, bribes, industrial espionage, vandalism, theft, hacking, autocracks, arson, prostitution, gambling and other varieties of illegal actions.

Devianity. On the contrary, such actions as the exposure of genitals, emptying or sessions in public places, foul language, a loud or excited conversation, do not violate criminal law, but contradict the norms of behavior. The only way of punishment is to attract administrative responsibility, payment of the fine, oral condemnation of people or disappromances, oblique views of passersby. Forms of deviant behavior include criminal crime, alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, homosexuality, gambling, mental disorder, suicide.

Conclusions: In sociology, deviant behavior is understood as a broader category than the concept of "delinquent behavior". In other words, the first concept includes the second concept as its component. Deviation - any violations of norms, and delinquency - only serious, entailing criminal punishment. In sociology with equal rights applicable and wide, and narrow interpretation. Feature Deviant behavior - cultural relativism, in other words, the relativity of any social norms. Some primitive tribes in primitive time and today cannibalism, geonstocide (murder of old people), healing and infanticide (killing of children) were considered a normal phenomenon caused by economic reasons (food deficit) or a social device (permission from marriage between relatives).

Cultural relativism can be comparative characteristic Not only two different societies or eras, but also two or several large social groups within one society. In this case, it is not necessary to speak about culture, but about subculture. An example of such groups is political parties, government, social class or layer, believers, youth, women, pensioners, national minorities. So, the ingun of the church service is deviation from the standpoint of a believer man, but the norm from the position of the unbeliever. The etiquette of the noble class was required by appeal by the name-patronymic, and the diminutive name ("ring" or "nikitka") - the rate of appeal in the lower layers - was considered from the first deviation.

In modern society, such forms of behavior are considered as deviant. Murder in war is allowed and even rewarded, but in peacetime is punished. In some countries (for example, in Holland), prostitution is legal (legalized) and is not condemned, and in other countries it is considered illegal and deviant. It follows that the criteria of devianity are relative to this culture and cannot be considered in the separation from it. In addition, the criteria of devianity change in time even within the same culture. In the USSR, the years of school teachers fought with "long-haired" disciples, seeing the imitation of the "bourgeois lifestyle" and signs of moral plant. In the late 1980s, our society has changed, and long hair has become a deviation to normal.

Conclusion: Deviation in a broad sense relative: but) historical era, b) the culture of society. Relativity in sociology received a special name of relativism.

Sociologists set the following patterns:

1. If disagreement with norms makes a personal damage, shall be punished with a society to a lesser extent or not punishable at all than a violation that causes collective harm.

Example. Thenabeque appeal with matches can lead to a fire in a public building and will take tens of human lives. It is punished stronger than the same violation in a private house.

2. If the deviation from the norm threatens human life, it is punishable more than the damage of property or public order.

Example Serve transport incidents and road accidents.

3. Deviant behavior that makes a lot of material damage, really threatening human life or honor, or confrontation of state security, goes to another category of behavior and qualifies as a crime.

Example - Judicial process over the traitors of the Motherland.

4. The minimum inhabited deviations are transferred to society calmer, as they are considered a random event that can happen to every person. Examples are given above.

5. The borders of the company's tolerance to deviations are different in different cultures or in different situations in the same culture.

Examples. The murder of a person in modern society is regarded as a crime, and in primitive - as bringing the victim to the gods. Attack on a person and his murder in modern society - a crime. But protection from the criminal, which caused the death of the attacker, is regarded as heroism. The murder of a compatriot in peacetime is cruelly punishable, but the murder of a stranger, who is considered an enemy or invader in wartime, causes respect and brings fame.

St. Petersburg Institute of Psychology and Social Work

_____________________________________________________________

Faculty of applied psychology.

Essay on legal psychology on the topic:

Deviant and delinquent teenage behavior.

Forms of manifestation of violations of behavior.

Assessment of any behavior always implies its comparison with some norm, the problem behavior is often called deviant, deviating.

Deviant behavior is a system of actions deviating from a generally accepted or implied norm (mental health, rights, culture, morality).

Deviant behavior is divided into two large categories. Firstly, this is a behavior that deviates from mental health issues that implies the presence of explicit or hidden psychopathology. Secondly, this behavior is antisocial, violating some social and cultural norms, especially legal. When such actions are relatively negligible, they are called offenses, and when they are serious and punished in criminal procedure - crimes. Accordingly, they are talking about divinted (illegal) and criminal (criminal) behavior.

Delivebrity usually begins with school skills and admission to the asocial group of peers. This follows small hooliganism, mockery of younger and weak, take away small pocket money from kids, hijacking (with the goal of ride) bicycles and motorcycles. It is less likely to fraud and small speculative transactions, causing behavior in public places. "Home theft" of small amounts of money can join this. All these actions in a minor age are not a reason for punishment in accordance with the Criminal Code.

However, adolescents can show large divinted activity and those causing a lot of concern. It is usually delinquency that serves as the most common reason for the proceedings in minors.

Youth age in general and early youth in particular represent a risk group.

First, the internal difficulties of transitional age are affected, starting with psycho-physic processes and ending with a restructuring of I-concept. Secondly, the border and uncertainty of the social status of adolescents.

Thirdly, contradictions, due to the restructuring of social control mechanisms: Children's forms of control no longer operate, and adult methods involving discipline and self-adjustment have not yet been developed or stolen.

Teenage delinquency in the overwhelming majority has a purely social causes of rabidity primarily. From 30 to 85% of divinner adolescents grow in an incomplete family, i.e. Without a father, or in the family deformed - with recently emerged stepfather, less often, with a stepmother.

The growth of adolescents among adolescents is accompanied by social turmoils, which are trapped by non-trap and depriving family custody.

Deliveness is not always connected with character anomalies, with psychopathologies. However, with some of these anomalies, including the extreme norms of the norm in the form of character accentuations, there is less stability regarding the adverse effects of the immediate environment, great compliance with detrimental effects.

The emergence of socially humored forms of behavior is talking about the status called social dezadaption. No matter how diverse these forms are, they are almost always characterized by bad relations with other children, which are manifested in fights, quarrels, or, for example, aggressiveness, demonstrative disobedience, destructive actions or falsehood.

They may also include antisocial actions, such as theft, school grays and arson. There are important links between these various forms of behavior. They manifest themselves that those children who, at an early school age, were aggressive and deputies, becoming older, with a greater probability will be a tendency to asocial behavior.

Social deadaption syndrome is much more common among boys. What is clearly manifested in cases of antisocial actions.

Teenagers with so-called socialized forms of antisocial behavior are not characterized by emotional disorders and, moreover, they easily adapt to social standards, within those antisocial groups of friends than relatives to which belong. Such children often occur from large families, where inadequate education measures are used and where anti-social forms of behavior are absorbed from the immediate family environment.

On the contrary, a poorly socialized, an aggressive child is in very bad relations with other children and with his family. Negativism, aggressiveness, audacity and vitality - these are the main features of his character.

All forms of deflecting behavior naturally lead to violation of the legislation. The output beyond the social rules, accompanied by an extraordinary cruelty, is always suspicious as a possible mental anomaly.

Deviant and delinquent forms of behavior are an adaptation to the social and psychological realities of adolescence and adolescence, although a condemned society for its extremism.

Deviant phenomena in the life of a teenager.

As not different forms of deviant behavior, they are interrelated.

Drunkenness, drug use, aggressiveness and illegal behavior form a single block, so the involvement of the young man in one type of deviant actions increases the likelihood of its involvement also in another.

The unlawful behavior, in turn, although not so harsh, is associated with violation of mental health. To some extent, as already mentioned, social factors (school difficulties, traumatic life events, the influence of the deviant subculture or group) coincide and contribute to the deviant behavior.

Alcoholization (alcohol abuse) and early alcoholism.

A person is not born by an alcoholic. Even burdened heredity is just a prerequisite. It requires a meeting of man and alcohol. This meeting can be prepared not only by microsudes - the family, the nearest environment, but also macros - society, its institutions, including the school. This danger is common with us very wide. According to one selective survey (F.S. Makhov, 1982), alcoholic drinks used about 75% in the VIII class, 80% in IX, 95% in X classes. This, of course, is not drunkenness, but the earlier the child comes to alcohol, the stronger it will be more stable.

The peculiarity of the pharmacological effect of alcohol on the psyche is that, on the one hand, he, especially in large doses, suppresses mental activity, and on the other, especially in small doses, it stimulates it, removing conscious braking and thereby giving output suppressed desires and impulses . The process of forming relations to alcohol or, in short, the alcohol installation is that the sign of the relationship can be "imprinted" by different ways simultaneously apart, in combination. Such methods can be attributed to the behavioral aspect of the installation, when even simple imitation of movements (filling glasses, utilization of toasts, etc.) includes a whole associative series, fixing a positive sign. This process can leak completely unconsciously.

The patterns of drunkenness allow us to find out the causes of the deviations of a teenager:

a) Since intoxication reduces an alarm-experienced sense of anxiety, drunkenness is more often found where there are more socio-hard, conflict situations.

b) drinking is associated with specific social control forms; In some cases, they are a ritual, and in others it acts as antinormative behavior.

c) the main motive of drunkenness - the desire to feel and seem stronger; Drunk try to attract attention to themselves, behave aggressively, violating the norms of behavior.

d) Alcoholism is often rooted in an internal conflict - the pursuit of the person to overcome his feeling of dependence.

What contributes to the alcoholization of adolescents? Drinking teenager seeks to repay the characteristic state of anxiety and at the same time - to get rid of excess self-control and shyness.

An important role is also played by the striving for experimenting and especially the norm of the junior subculture, in which the drinking is a sign of masculinity and adulthood, a means of initiating a dedication to San Drins. It is a group feedback that is a psychological line of initiation in the members of the group.

The alcoholization style adopted in the company, begins to be perceived as natural, normal, finally forming psychological readiness for the non-critical perception of alcohol customs. Alcohol becomes the norm of behavior. Over time, the rigid structure of the group with asocial activity trends is found.

The leading part of the group is a person who takes into account the police in the inspection on minors, previously convicted. As a result, each new member of the group is doomed to pass the "mandatory program" beginner with hooligan actions and ending with relapses and delivery to the medical advantage and serious offenses.

Completing the essay of "alcohol education" emphasizes the special responsibility of the family in the formation of an alcoholic plant. Family can act as an exposure of myths. The norms that it specifies are particularly stable, because They are fixed until ripening critical ability. The family creates (or does not create) the margin of the strength of social attitudes needed by a teenager in his continued life.

Narcotics (drug use) - an extremely serious problem that has been widely distributed in the modern world. Drug abuse is characteristic of those groups of society, which are in the state of the anomium, i.e. Individuals in these groups are deprived of socially significant ideals and aspirations, which is especially characteristic of adolescents. Anomy's phenomenon is developing against the background of destructive phenomena in society, when young people see a fairly clear life scenario for the formation and development of personality. In the situation described, some young people are unable to implement one of the leading life needs for self-realization and self-affirmation. These phenomena are accompanied by a negative emotional background, discomfort, and this last circumstance gives rise to a young man searching for new funds that would help to cope with the crisis situation. The drug in this case is a means that temporarily gives young man the illusion of well-being and emotional comfort. Further drug abuse is very promoted by the individual biological prerequisites of the future drug addict.

Of course, the use of drugs does not necessarily make a person addict. There are different levels of drug addiction (A.E. personko, 1983):

Single or rare drug use;

Repeatedly consumption, but without signs of psychological or mental dependence;

Drug addiction I stage, when mental addiction has already been formed, the search for the drug for the sake of pleasant sensations, but there is no physical dependence and the cessation of drug acceptance does not cause painful sensations of abstinence;

Addiction of stage II, when physical dependence was formed;

Drug addiction III stage - full mental and physical degradation.

The first two stages of development are reversible, only 20% of adolescents belonging to the second level are in the future become drug addicts. However, the degree of risk depends on age, and on the nature of the narcotic drug.

Like drunkenness, adolescence is associated with mental experimentation, search for new, unusual sensations. According to the observations of narcologist doctors, two thirds of young people are for the first time coming to narcotic substances from curiosity, desire to learn that beyond the forbidden. Sometimes the first dose is imposed by deception, under the guise of a cigarette or drink.

At the same time, this group phenomenon, up to 90% of drug addicts begin to use drugs in companies going in certain places.

In addition to the harm to health, drugs almost inevitably mean the involvement of a teenager in a criminal subculture, where drugs are acquired, and then he himself begins to make increasingly serious offenses.

The unlawful behavior of minors is most often expressed in aggressiveness and the assignment of others. Turn to the first.

Aggression as a manifestation of unsuitable for social environment Clearly manifests itself aged from 10 to 13 years. It is expressed either in family scuffs in resolving conflicts, or in beating physically weak, unsure of themselves, deprived of the parental protection of students.

In the older school age, aggressiveness is celebrated mainly in young men, girls are much less likely. The aggression of young men is usually different in the following situations: when opposing themselves with children, adults, old men;

in conflicts between individual youth groups; When regulating relations within the youth group with physical force.

The aggressiveness in relation to the youngest is usually expressed in mockery over them, jogging, subtletiles, sometimes in the selection of small personal items and money. Especially it can manifest themselves against children who do not have a strong defender. Aggressiveness in such cases is a means of mocking and indisputable demonstration of its age superiority and physical strength. The aggression of older adolescents in relation to adults is often intended to identify the boundaries of the vendments permitted in behavior and is demonstrative. It can manifest itself in the deliberate violation of silence, senior objections (often in causing, offend form), clashes at the places of the greatest accumulation of the adult public, the spurry of public property. At the same time, young people carefully watch the behavior of adults and immediately react to it. A significant exacerbation of the situation occurs when the eldest annoyed and angry require "to call for hooligans to order" or fearfully removed from the conflict. Senior teenager likes to tease such adults. And even the possible punishment is subsequently, he regards himself as unfair, because the teenager himself did not know where he was heading for this "experiment." Therefore, adolescents in such cases are vibrant adults.

Aggression is often directed on a separate adult. More often this is noted in criminal behavior, carried out by the whole youth group. The immediate impetus to it usually makes strong emotions that captured the entire company of young people. Often, as noted above, such emotions arise against the background of alcohol intoxication. In such a state, schoolchildren enhances the desire to make some unusual "Lychoe", "brave" action. It can be found in an attack on a physically weak, drunken or elderly person.

Aggressiveness can manifest itself from middle-class schoolchildren in skirmisters between individual groups. The dispute between the people living in the neighborhood usually comes due to the territorial "spheres of influence", the tangle, cinemas, discos. Rivals are trying there not to let.

Finally, aggressiveness when regulating relations in the group. It is associated with the establishment or preservation of a certain "order" in a particular youth association and is directed against the "traitors and confusion", in the edification of the fluctuating and insecure. This usually happens when the decay of a certain informal group occurs.

Teenage aggression is most often a consequence of common camsoconductance and reduced self-esteem as a result of experienced failures and injustices.

Sophisticated stiffness often show the victims of hyperteks, spoiled Mamenikins Sons, who did not have to experiment in childhood and respond to their actions; Cruelty for them is a peculiar alloy of revenge, self-affirmation and at the same time self-test.

Teen acts of vandalismAs a rule, they are committed together in the group. The role of everyone individually as it was erased, personal moral responsibility is eliminated. A jointly performed antisocial actions strengthen the sense of group solidarity, reaching at the moment of action to the state of Euphoria, which, then, when the excitement passes, the teenagers themselves cannot explain.

Negative phenomenon - assigning adolescents of other people's things, caused by their insufficient ethical pupil or big spoil. It should be noted that the assignment of things of another person has an overwhelming majority of adolescents of adolescents is not associated with a focus on personal enrichment. Usually "alienation" are small. They are often committed in a fight, a hooligan attack on another person. "Winner Trophy" can crossed comrades and familiar. Such adolescents do not consider themselves thieves and do not have a shame, nor a remorse of conscience.

The behavior of adolescent girls who make theft has its own characteristics.

In those families where there is no opportunity to have expensive toys, cosmetics, fashionable objects of the women's toilet, the need for thefts are found. These are also committed and with joint living in the hostel.

In recent years, more serious, consciously organized robbery attacks (for the purpose of mastering property) have increased markedly.

Alcoholic beverages, drugs, vagrancy require money that adolescents are either no, or there is little that pushes a group or individual adolescents to theft.

Great distribution among adolescents received broadcasting and shoots from homeAlso for the most part are committed collectively or under the influence of comrades. Since the teenager's flight needs help comrades on the courtyard company, in particular, to study the movement area, establishing a connection with other vagabonds.

So called sex crimes Also take place in the life of delinquent adolescents. The mechanisms of criminal sexual violence of adolescents depend on personal characteristics and are divided into two groups: delinquants committing a lone crime and committing crimes in the group (more).

Part of such adolescents has pronounced signs of premature puberty, others are leaders of criminal groups. From individually - typological characteristics, a pronounced imbalance of nerve processes can be noted, a high indicator of aggressive trends, high emotionality, sexual tension.

In the structure of the individual, characteristics of character and inadequate self-esteem are diagnosed.

Morally - the value orientation of the personality of the teenager - the rapist is an unstable system. Their ideas about morality and moral values \u200b\u200bare pronounced inadequate.

Actual behavior can be attributed to the so-called suicidal behavior and autoadagression. The latter is expressed in the attempt on the integrity of its body and is usually happening once in the life of adolescents.

Autoagression is performed in the affect state. Most often, but caused by extremely negative life circumstances or significant moral instability. Rates may be the most diverse: quarrel, resentment, "self-defense" of the personality from the gross effects of others, Bravad, the lack of close people. Autoagression is associated with the immaturity of the schoolchild estimates of the situation around him.

The problem of youth suicides, for many years that was banned, became relevant in the modern world.

Many attempts, especially in girls, are demonstrative.

What psychological problems are behind youth suicides?

In psychological experiments, more than once, it was shown that some people have any failure causes involuntary thoughts about death. Attraction to death is nothing more than an attempt to resolve life difficulties by leaving the life itself.

There is even a psychological type of personality, which is characterized by a steady installation, a tendency to care from conflict - stressful situations, up to the mostst. The fate of this type of people is noted by the fact that suicide for them is the most likely type of death. The reason, because of which a person cums with him can be completely insignificant.

In popular literature, it is sometimes argued that nine tenths of adolescents - offenders grow in criminogenic and weak families. In fact, such families give 30-40% of crime. The connection of offenses with the family structure is exaggerated: two thirds of adolescents grow in full families. The unequivocal relationship between the criminal behavior and a certain style of family education is a deficit of parental heat and attention or, on the contrary, the hyperopica is not detected.

The influence of the youth of the adult delicacy itself is also ambiguous. The harder-in-law of a teenager, the most likely that he will make it adults. However, statistically medium delinquency in most teenagers stops with age.

Bibliography:

Vasilyev V. L. Legal psychology. - St. Petersburg., 1997

Kon I. S. Psychodsky psychology. - M., 1980

Kiran G. Psychology of development. - SPb., 2001

Deviant behavior teenage (5)
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Deviant behavior teenage (3)
Abstract \u003e\u003e Psychology
Between deviant behavior and personality teenager. I problem deviant and dolinnunny behavior teenage In psychology. 1.1. Forms of manifestation of violations behavior. Evaluation of any behavior always...
Deviant behavior teenager as a socio-pedagogical problem
Abstract \u003e\u003e Psychology
... deviant behavior...................................................6 Causes and Consequences deviant behavior teenage............... 9 1.3. Forms deviant behavior ... behavior Use special terms such as " deliverance " and " devianity ". Under delinkvent behavior ...

Deviant and delinquent personality behavior

Data two types of behavior differ in that:

the first is relative, because it refers to the cultural standards of a purely single group;
the second is absolute in relation to the norms established by the state.

If we talk about it in more detail, then:

Under the concept of "delinquent behavior", the acts of personality, which are unlawful, that is, such that they are rejected from the laws established in a particular society, but also threatening life, well-being, social order of other individuals. In the psychology actions of such a person - delinven. Call delicates, the behavior of this species itself is regulated, first of all, through disciplinary rules, laws, social norms. The society actively condemns and seeks to punish the deck of delinven. It is worth noting that at the basis of the motives of the actions of the violator of the law there is an internal between the personal aspirations and interests of society.

Human behavior can generally determine as one or another lifestyle, actions and actions of people. Sometimes it may seem that the actions of a separate person - purely his personal matter. However, living in society, any individual is almost constantly (physically or mentally) surrounded by other people. Therefore, his individual behavior is very often interrelated with others and is social.

Social behavior - These are a person's actions towards society, other people, to the surrounding nature and things. People "hurt" each other not only with direct contact, but also through things, nature, through the general habitat. At the same time, people interactions are extremely complex and diverse and can be separated in time and space.

The assimilation of social norms is the basis of socialization. Compliance with social norms defines the cultural level of society. Deviation from generally accepted norms is called in sociology deviant behavior .

Terms "Deviation", "Deviant" occur in Latin Deviatio - deviation. In the broad sense, "Deviation" implies any actions or actions that do not correspond to: a) unwritten standards, b) writing standards. IN narrow sense "Deviation" refers only to the first type of inconsistency, and the second type received the name of delinquent behavior.

As you know, social norms are of two types:

1) writing - formally fixed in the Constitution, criminal law and other legal laws, which are guaranteed by the state;

Violation of formal norms is called delinquent (criminal) behavior , and violation of informal norms - deviant (deviating) behavior.

What do they differ from each other? Deviant and delinquent behavior You can differ as follows. The first is relatively, and the second is absolutely. Deviant behavior relative, for it is related to the cultural norms of this group only. But delinquent behavior is absolutely in relation to the laws of the country.

Delicenter I.delivened behavior

Theft, bribery, robbery or killings violate the main laws of the state, guaranteeing personal rights, and are criminally prosecuted. The court is committed on criminals, they are determined by the measure of punishment and for different dates (depending on the severity of the criminal act), refer to correctional work, put in prison or determine the conditional measure of restraint (partial limitation in rights). Crimes include fraud, embezzlement, production of fake documents, bribes, industrial espionage, vandalism, theft, hacking, autocracks, arson, prostitution, gambling and other varieties of illegal actions.

Devianity, on the contrary, such actions as foul language in public places, a loud or excited conversation, do not violate criminal law, but contradict the norms of behavior. The only way of punishment is to attract administrative responsibility, payment of the fine, oral condemnation of people or disappromances, oblique views of passersby.

Alcoholism is a typical view of deviant behavior. Alcoholic is not only a sick person, but also a deviant, he is not able to normally carry out social roles.

Drug addict is a criminal, as drug use is qualified by law as a criminal act.

Suicide, i.e., the free and intentional termination of his life is deviation. But the murder of another person is a crime.

IN wide sense Deviant behavior can be called any actions that do not correspond to the norms and social stereotypes in this society. With this approach, however, it is necessary to distinguish, relatively speaking, positive, or positive, and negative, or negative (from lat. Negalivus - negative) deviation.

IN narrow sense Under the deviant behavior, all sorts of negative and acidic deviations from social norms understand. They are interested in sociology, since it is negative deviation that represents a certain challenge to society and requires an adequate response. Causes of deviant behavior Sociologists are looking for in various directions:

(a) in the imperfection of human nature and various disorders of people (egoism, excessive traction to the satisfaction of their desires, the desire to stand out, envy, etc.);

(b) in their biological and psychological features (the special properties of individual organisms, the genetic predisposition of some individuals to devianity, mental defects, psychopathy, etc.);

(c) on social conditions of life (upbringing, education, human environment, opportunities to work well, to earn, culturally rest, etc.).

Teenage deviant

Especially often, deviant behavior is observed in adolescents. It occurs among them more often than in other age groups. Causes: Social immaturity and physiological features of the emerging organism. They manifest themselves in the desire to experience acute sensations, curiosity, in insufficient ability to predict the consequences of their actions, a hypertrophied desire to be independent. A teenager often does not comply with the requirements that society presents, but is not ready to fulfill certain social roles to the extent that they expect from him. In turn, he believes that he does not receive from the society of what is entitled to count on. The contradiction between the biological and social immaturity of adolescents, on the one hand, and the requirements of society - on the other, serves as a real source of deviation.

According to the UN, about 30% of all young people take part in any unlawful actions, and 5% commit serious offenses.

The source of the tendency to devotence and delinquency is the discrepancy between the degree of biological and social maturity, between the requirements for the adolescence to itself, and the requirements for it by society. By virtue of the physiological characteristics of the forming body, a teenager is characterized by increased activity, but due to insufficient social maturity, he is usually not ready for self-control. He does not know how to predict all the consequences of his actions, incorrectly understands the freedom and independence of the person.

Sociologists set a tendency: the man the more absorbs the samples of deviant behavior, the more often with them faces and the younger age.

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