What is a publicistic speech style examples. How to determine the style of text and the type of speech

Publicistic Style is one of the books, used in the socio-journalistic and literary and critical literature, the media, at meetings and rallies.

The task of this style is the impact on the mass consciousness through socially significant information. Specific traits Publicistic style - logicality, imagery, emotionality, evaluation, conscription.

language Means:

at the level vocabulary:

· Wide use of social and political, economic, general cultural vocabulary;

· Use solemn vocabulary ( merilo, view, source, incomparably), often in combination with conversational;

· Use of figurative means: epithets, comparisons, metaphor, phraseological and "winged expressions";

· Frequent language game, calabura, paroding (especially in headlines);

at the level morphology and syntax:

· Active use of personal pronouns 1 and 2 persons and appropriate forms of verb;

· Non-use of involved and particle inclusive turns, their replacement by pressing proposals;

· Eating motivating and exclamation proposals, rhetorical issues;

· Use of appeals;

· Frequent lexical and syntactic repeats

Main genres: Public Speech (Speech, Report), Discussion, Critical Note, Report, Interview, Article, Review, Essay, sketch.

As an example of a speech product of a journalistic style, we give an excerpt from Article A. Arkhangelsky, published in the newspaper Izvestia on April 6, 2002:

Cultures and cartoon

All last week, Duma passions, newspapers and television were brassly discussed who would get to whom the committee will come and that in the end will be with the Communists. Meanwhile, in this discussion, there was some kind of motive, which to a certain extent can be considered key. Namely: what two committees were offered to comrades Bolsheviks as a consolation prize due to political insignificance? On which cabinets, none of the new majority hurt - not faceless uniforms, nor glistened right?

That's right, children. Sit down five. These were committees for culture and religious associations ...

I'm afraid, folk chosen plates once again commit a very serious mistake. Not cultural. And not religious. And completely political. Because politician is not a political scientist. He is not obliged to be too smart. But it should have a good scent. And always keep your nose in the wind: where does the wind blowing? Well, before the wind of the era, he blows away from the immediate (more precisely, quite mediocre) policies.

In this passage, the following journalistic features were reflected:

Political vocabulary: committees, Cabinets (Ministers), Duma, Bolsheviks, Communists, Right, Politician, Political Screen;

Spoken and integral vocabulary, including phraseological units: it's right, get sick, scent, glistened, keep your nose in the wind;

Language game: Secondary heading game ( Cultures and cartoon - Periprase of the famous repeat-otzuchia cultures Multura), direct as antonym for the word mediocre, Union - block "Unity and Fatherland", pseudo-seated word, graphically and phonetically consonant word idiots;

Lack of verbalism, a slight number of communities;

Question deals;

- "Simple" syntax;

Expressive reception access to readers: ... what two committees were offered to comrades to the Bolsheviks ...? That's right, children. Sit down five;

PARS: make a very serious mistake. Not cultural. And not religious. And completely political.

Art style

Art Style is used in works of fiction, refers to book speech.

The task is to draw the picture with words, express the attitude to the depicted, to influence the feelings and imagination of the reader. Feature is the unity of the communicative and aesthetic function, high image.

Art style is characterized by the following expressive means:

· Trails - turnover in which the word or expression is used in a figurative value: metaphor, metonimia, personification, comparison, epithet, etc.;

· Speech figures: anaphor, antithesis, gradation, inversion, parallelism, rhetorical question;

· Rhythm, rhyme, mainly in the poetic work.

A broader concept is the language of fiction: artistic style is commonly used in the author's speech, and other styles may also be present in the speech of characters, for example.

As example Let us give an excerpt from the poetic text - poem A. Bloka:

Autumn late. Sky open

And forests are silent.

Smashed blurred

The head of mermaid sick.

Here are the following characteristic for artistic style Language funds:

Rhythm, rhyme;

Inversion is adjective after a noun: autumn late, sky open, shore blurred, mermaid sick;

Paths: open sky, forests are silent, the head of the mermaids lay ashore;

Syntactic parallelism in the first line;

Corresponding proposals that create a feeling of staticness, immobility.

Spoken style

Colloquial The style is opposed to book and is used in casual conversations, more often in an unofficial setting. The main form of existence is oral, but can be carried out in writing (notes, private letters, fixing the speech of characters, and sometimes the author's speech in artistic works).

The task of speech is communication, impressions. Distinctive signs of spoken style are informality, ease, unpreparedness, emotionality, the use of facial expressions and gestures.

For journalistic style, the use of the following language Means:

on the phonetic level:

· Great degree of reduction of vowels, sponge compression of words ( now [Sch'as], hello [(s) Dura't'i]);

· Diverse intonation with the relatively free order of words;

· at the level vocabulary and word formation:

· Use of spoken and integral vocabulary, Zhargon ( hardwashing, train, meticulous, slowly, labee);

· Pretty use of specific vocabulary, minor use of abstract, terminological words;

· Expressiveness and evaluation in vocabulary and word formation ( awesome, boo, scribble, hefty);

· Frequent use of phraseologism;

at the level morphology:

· The most frequent of all styles use personal pronouns;

· The predominance of consumption of verbs above the use of nouns;

· Rare use of communion and brief adjectives, non-use of verbalia;

· The inconception of complex numerals, the inclinations of the abbreviation;

· Consumption of particles, interjections;

· Frequent portable use of morphological means (for example, the use of times and inclination in the value unusual in the book styles);

on the syntax level:

· Using single-main and incomplete sentences;

· Lack of complex syntactic structures;

· Nezuzuzie complex offer;

· Frequent use of motivating, questioning and exclamation proposals;

· Using appeals.

As an example, we present a statement of one of the characters of the story A. P. Chekhov "Revenge":

- Take the same, damn it! How long can I begone on this end-to-end wind? If you knew that in your corridor twenty degrees of frost, you would not make me wait for so long! Or, perhaps, you have no heart?

In this small passage, the following sophisticated style features were reflected:

Question and exclamation offers

Interominated colloquial style hell,

Personal pronouns 1 and 2 persons, verbs in the same form.

Another example is an excerpt from the letter A. S. Pushkin to his wife, N. N. Pushkin, from August 3, 1834:

A shame, a hazel. You are angry with me, without disassembled, who is to blame, I, or mail, and leave me for two weeks without news of myself and about children. I was so embarrassed that I did not know what to think. Your letter has calmed me, but not comforted. Description of your trip to Kaluga, no matter how funny, it's not funny for me. What kind of hunting to drag into a bad county town, to see the perfect actors, perfectly playing the old, brave opera?<...> I asked you in Kalugam not to drive around, yes, it can be seen, you already have such a nature.

In this passage, the following language signs of colloquial style were shown:

Use of spoken and spacious vocabulary: hassle, dragging, bad, drive around, what kind of hunting, Soyuz yes In the meaning "But", particles just and not at all, Introductory Word it is seen,

Word with an estimated word-forming suffix gorodishko,

Inversion word order in some suggestions,

Lexical repeat words bad,

Appeal

Availability of a questionnaire

Using personal pronouns 1 and 2 persons of the singular

Consumption of verbs in the present time

Eating missing in the form of a multiple word word Kaluga (by Kalugam drove) To designate all small provincial cities.

Types of speech

Types of speech - Differentiation of speech on the generalized (typical) meaning for narration, description and reasoning.

Narration Describes successive actions, talks about events in their time sequence.

Narrative texts include components such as the tie (start of action), development, culmination (most important moment In the development of action) and the disconnection (end of action). At the same time, in the narrative, the sequence of these components may be disturbed, which is often presented in artworks (for example, in the "Hero of our time" M. Yu. Lermontov).

"New" in the proposals of the narrative text is a message about replacing each other events.

The narrative can be visual and informative. In the narrative text, lexical means are often used, denoting a temporary sequence of actions ( then, then, after a while), Verbs are usually used in the past time.

As an example, we give an excerpt from the story A. P. Chekhov "Living goods":

Filling the pockets and wallet, the buggers hid the blanks in the table and, drinking half gravine, jumped into the street.

At night, in half the twelfth, he rolled up to the entrance of the Paris Hotel. He entered the stairs with noise and knocked into the room in which Rotcholsky lived. He was let in. Grocholsky laid his belongings in suitcases. Lisa sat at the table and tried bracelets. Both they were frightened when Bugrov entered them.

Description Pictures any phenomenon through the listing and disclosure of its signs. The text of this kind can describe the appearance of a person, the subject, place, human condition or ambient. In this "called the item or its part, in the" new "signs of the subject.

For descriptive text, the use of adjectives, verbs in the present time is characterized.

The description is used in different styles of speech, but more often in scientific and in artistic.

In scientific style in the description of the object turn on significant signswho are named with adjectives or exclusive nouns, for example: Giraffe (giraffe), a ruminant mammal. The length of the body is 3-4 meters (1/3 of the neck), the height before the pattern is 4.5-5.8 m, the tail length is about 1 m, the mass of 550-750 kg. Inhabites in Savannaps Africa. Due to hunting (sake of meat and skins), the number is small. Well multiply in captivity. Live up to 20-30 years.

In the description of the artistic style, the brightest signs that create an image are highlighted; They can be transmitted by comparisons, words in a figurative value, words with evaluative suffixes. As an example, we give the beginning of the story A. P. Chekhov "Baron":

Baron is a small, skinny old man and sixty years old. His neck gives a spine a stupid angle, which will soon become straight. He has a big angular head, sour eyes, a lump and a lilous chin.

Reasoning Describes the causes of properties and phenomena. It may be proof, explanation, reflection (the difference is to the degree of categoricalness of judgments). In the argument, there is usually a thesis (what you need to prove), arguments and conclusion. We give two examples of reasoning used in different speech styles:

1. On camels, of course, you can go through the desert without stopping much further than on the horses, but the transition to us is not far away, the time is expensive, and you have no experience with camels, so we take in the town of horses.

2. Based on the need to mobilize and place human resources, the construction of engineering structures should be envisaged to build a well-developed temporary residential town, including energy supply systems, communication, water treatment, sewage, recreational and sports facilities.

Text, especially artistic, often combines different types of speech. As an example, we give an excerpt from the story of K. Paust "Golden Rose":

The old steamer dropped from the pier in the Ascension and went to the lake Onega.

White night stretched around. For the first time I saw this night not over the Neva and Palaces of Leningrad, but among wooded spaces and lakes.

In the east, the pale moon hung low. She did not give light.

Waves from a steamhouse silently flee into the distance, shaking slices of a pine crust. On the shore, should be in some ancient graveyard, the watchman punched on the bell tower - twelve blows. And although it was far to the shore, this ringing flew to us, passed the steamer and left the water stroke into the transparent sulk, where the moon hung.

I do not know how it is better to call a whom white night. Mysterious? Or magical?

These nights always seem to me excessive generosity of nature - so much in their pale air and the ghost glitter of foil and silver.

A person cannot reconcile with the inevitable disappearance of this beauty, these fascinated nights. Therefore, there must be white nights and cause their fragile easy sadness, as everything is fine when it is doomed to live long.

In the presented passage, all types of speech are consistently replaced by each other - narration, description and reasoning.

Problems of speech and text is engaged stylistics - section of linguistics learning the use of the language in different conditions of speech communication.

Part 4. Morphology

Morphology - Section Linguistics, studying parts of speech and their grammatical signs.

Morphology and syntax make up grammar.

Speech is a functional variety of literature, widely used in various spheres of society. These are magazines, newspapers, radio, television, documentary cinema, political literature, public political speeches, activities of various parties and all sorts of public associations.

Terminology

Tutorials often interpret the publicistic speech style as newspaper and publicist, simply newspaper or public-political. The name most often determines the narrow scope of the functioning of this style.

Newspaper - comes from the history of the formation of speech features of political communication, since it is periodic editions, first of all the newspapers, issued the main features of the journalistic style of speech. And today you can observe its fully established functioning and in printed, and in electronic media versions.

Another type is a socio-political style - shows in touch with public political life and, in addition to politics - sports, culture, ecology, activities of human rights organizations, and so on.

If you keep in mind the concept of literature, not linguistics, that is, the meaningful characteristics of works, then you can associate all these branches together, since the publicist style of speech has all the same features.

What is publicism

This genus of journalism and literature considers the most relevant economic, political, legal, as well as philosophical and literary problems, exciting modern life. The publicist style of speech is able to influence the opinion of any existing changes to change or changes in their work in favor of class interests, moral or social ideals.

Publicistics explores all modern life in all its manifestations - in large and small, in private and public, reflecting its vision in documents, art, press. In the literature and journalism there is no funds better than developing Russian. The publicistic style of speech is the first to indicate changes in the style, demonstrates the creation of neologisms and introduces new formulas of phraseological units.

Actual problems in current public life - the main topic, which is served by journalism, being a mechanism for influence on the ideological, political parties to social institutions, agitation, propaganda, public education. The main role in the transfer of social information is belonging to journalism.

Genres of journalistic speech style

Wonderful and written speech, form of visual graphics (caricature, poster), photos and cinematography (television, documentary cinema), drama, theater, as well as verbal and musical compositions, artistic and popular literature - all these areas where public cavities are reigning.

The journalistic orientation is characteristic of any genre, but then the main thing is not to confuse the concepts: the nature of literature is publicism, and the style is a specific language function. The subjects here can be unusually broad, the main thing is that the problems do not leave the Company's attention center. Depending on the topic, signs of journalistic speech style may include special vocabulary, requiring not only explanations, but also volume comments.

Many topics never leaves public discussions, and because the language of the language has already formed a certain circle of verbal units and other phraseological units inherent in this style. Here and politics, information activities from the activities of parliament, government, materials on elections, party events, and so on.

Stylistic dictionary

Such ready-made language templates (gastelists) are regularly found: coalition, faction, leader, candidate, democracy, bill, opposition, conservatism, federalism, radicals, parliamentary hearings, pre-election campaign, second round, lively discussion, rating, election headquarters, Lower Chamber, Deputy Request, Voter Trust, Public Consent, Parliamentary Investigation.

Economists cannot do their texts without such words as investments, budget, auction, inflation, audit, arbitration, licensing, raw materials, bankruptcy, joint-stock company, monopoly, labor market, shares, customs duties and many others.

Materials on health care, education, social protection topics, a journalist cannot be built without such revolutions as: state support, education variation, teacher salary, student exchange, distance education, scientific cooperation, unloading school program, health insurance, privileges for medicines, subsistence minimum, consumer basket, children's benefits, standard of living, and so on.

Informing the population on the state of public order requires its own terminology and has its established phrases: the protection of the rights of citizens, the fight against crime, the scene, the trial, the prosecutor's check, the subscription of the unprit and others.

Interstime connections

To create a real picture of events and transfer to the reader or the viewer of all impressions of the journalist, the artistic and journalistic style of speech is used. The same phrases sound otherwise in the police protocol, scientific monograph or television report. Many words from these examples are also used in scientific, and in formal business styles.

Accidents, natural disasters, accidents are covered with the use of such words and ready-made cliches: Typhoon, hurricane, flood, earthquake, terrorist attack, hostage seizure, car collision, rescue operation, ecological disaster.

Military Corresponders have a dictionary: explosives, action, mining, fugas, collision, sniper, bombardment, shelling, heavy wound, combat departure, peaceful population, victims, destruction, and so on.

International themes are easily distinguishable from any other on the use of such words and combinations: negotiations, peaceful settlement, official visit, world community, multilateral consultations, a tense environment, European integration, strategic partnership, peacekeeping force, global problems, territorial integrity and the like.

The unlimitedness of the subject of journalistic style determines both the diversity of vocabulary, therefore publicism and is in this sense of the richest of the varieties of literature.

Determining the style of speech

The scientific and publicistic style of speech limits the meaning of words with a clearly defined, stable, is emphasized with emotional. Spoken speech is mobile, vague. Artistic exposes the inner meaning of the word, its imagery.

Publicistics, in addition to the emotional component, gives the Word an assessment nature, forms an attitude to the event under consideration, since this nature of literature is engaged in purely social and political issues of modernity.

The subject of the discussion is the policy, the life of society, the economy - always concerns the interests of almost every person. So, the publicistic style of speech cannot be indifferent and indifferent. Examples of publications about prices, inflation, about ethnic conflicts - they are not inherent in streamlined wording and sluggish expressions.

Objectives of publicist

Social and political phenomena, their processes and trends require a constant assessment. Publicistics always actively interfere with and forms public opinion. It is important not just to passively register the events, but to participate in them, to defend your ideas openly and passionately, to evaluate the facts. Newspaper speech to achieve expression uses a number of specific means and methods.

The form of expression may be different - from the underlined intellectuality of the presentation to direct agitation. Also effective is the method of restrained, calm and evidential presentation of the essence of the phenomenon or process. The choice of funds depends on the stylistic skill of the journalist, on how bestowed by his richness Russian. Publicistic style of speech has dual signs due to various functions The publication is informational and purely affecting - which are very unevenly distributed by genres.

Distribution by genre

Relatively stable on topics, compositions and stylistics types of works are divided by approximately three groups.

• Information Genres: Report, Interview, Report, Note.
• Analytical genres: Review, Review, Review, Correspondence, Article, Conversation.
• Art and journalistic genres: Pamphlet, Faken, essay, essay.

Let's start from the end. The artistic and journalistic style of speech is characterized by the greatest expression. Information genre dry. Analytical genre - also, but only a superficial look.

Analytical Overview

The text of the journalistic style of speech is controversial and ambiguous. One of its main functions is the brainwashing of the reader with the help of the media. The author uses the extreme availability of the presentation and, of course, a subjective assessment of the situation, which, however, is definitely decorating the publicist style of speech. Examples of the analytical genre:

• Given: Experimental village. Local resident experienced a certain chemical preparation On her chicken, in the end, she demolished the golden egg.
• First option: Opening of the century! In terrible outback, with almost the absence of the most elementary civilization, a resident of the village of Experimentalovka came up with a drug, with which you can get the chickens to rush with golden eggs! Our Kulibins can do everything, even the greatest alchemists of all times and peoples failed to invent the way better! The experimenter from commenting is still refused, since the joy of discovery suddenly washed. However, it is safe to say that it is our earth for such heroes! Ahead of the stabilization of the economy, moreover - leadership in the extraction of gold and the production of products from it!
  
• Second option: Apocalypse! The world is shocked by the discovery of a foaming alive from the experimental film! Travel targets led this maniac to inhuman cruelty towards poor, defenseless creatures! A resident of the grained village was stuffing his chicken with an unknown chemical solution, trying to get a philosopher's stone. Gold chickens were demolished, but chicken torment did not end. The immoral experimentator did not help the victims of his experiments, leaving in the cock. Such a discovery is fraught with many events that will not be avoided. Judging by the nature of the actions of the new "scientist", he will try to seize the world.

Other analytical genres

Article, Review and other analytical genres are distinguished not only by imagery and emotionality, but also logic, and evaluation. Not alien to them and expression of the call. Language facilities should correspond to the task set by the genome: social and political vocabulary, syntactic designs of a variety of species, journalistic style of speech.

This characteristic is also suitable for a scientific reasoning: a deep public problem is raised, its analysis is carried out and the solutions are evaluated, the findings are summarized. The material is constructed sequentially, according to a strict logic scheme, a special general overall terminology is used. So, the publicistic style of speech.

Examples of texts

Information Genre:

• In the village of Experimental, an emergency occurrence of a false test area occurred. The chicken of the locally demolished the golden egg. Perhaps the chicken was not alone, the data is checked. There is information that the unknown composition of the chemical solution was tried on the courses. Comments from the rural experimenter have not yet been received.

Art and publicistic genre:

• If you are overwhelmed, biting a dry scientific style, drinking a jetty journalistic when you want to get enough sleep and rolling and quenching a kid to a cocktail from bright images and emotional shades, you just need a artistic and journalistic speech style.

The first three texts flowed out of one not too vital. Nevertheless, the publicistic style of speech examples of the texts above will help identify, despite the variety of genres.

Publicistic style refer to the official media style (media), including, reports, notes, interviews, etc. This style is more often used in writing, less often - in the oral forms of the same reports or public speeches of political and public figures .

Examples of journalistic style:.

General features of this style can be called:

• emotionality and pattern imagery - to create a necessary atmosphere;
• evaluation and confidence - for interest;
• the logic of presentation with a support for irrefutable facts - to give speech reliability and informativeness;
• call readers (listeners) to action and sharedness;
• light and intention.

About what language funds should not be used when working on a book, we will talk in the relevant article.

Stay tuned!

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The word journalistic is formed from the Latin word Publicus, which means "public, state".

Obrained with the word Publicistic are the words of publicism (socio-political literature on modern, current topics) and publicist (author of works on social and political topics).

Etymologically, all these words are related to the word Public having two meanings:

1) visitors, viewers, listeners;

2) People, people.

Purpose of Publicistic Speech Style - Informing, transferring socially significant information with the simultaneous impact on the reader, a listener, with the conviction of him in something, suggesting him of certain ideas, looks, encouraging him to certain actions, actions.

Sphere of use of journalistic speech style - socio-economic, political, cultural relations.

Genres of journalism - Article in the newspaper, journal, essay, report, interview, feuilletone, speech, judicial speech, performance on radio, television, at the meeting, report.

For publicistic style of speech Characteristic:

Logicality

Imagery,

Emotionality

Evaluation

Auditivity

and the corresponding language funds.

It uses social and political vocabulary, a variety of types of syntactic structures.

Publicistic text often built as Scientific reasoning: An important social problem is put forward, the possible ways of solving it are analyzed and estimated, and conclusions are made, the material is located in a strict logical sequence, general scientific terminology is used. It brings him closer with a scientific style.

Publicistic performances different with reliability, accuracy of facts, concreteness, strict substantiation. It also brings it closer with the scientific style of speech.

On the other hand, for publicistic speech characteristicpersonality, conscription. The most important requirement for journalism is accessibility: It is designed for a wide audience and should be understandable to everyone.

Published style has a lot of common and with artistic style of speech. To effectively affect the reader or listener, on his imagination and feelings, speaking or writing uses epithets, comparisons, metaphors and others figurative means, resorts to the help of conversational and even spaticral words and revolutions, phraseological expressions that enhance emotional effects of speech.

Publicistic articles V. G. Belinsky, N.A. Dobrolyubova, N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.V. Shelgunova, historians V.S. Solovyova, V.O. Klyuchevsky, V.V. Rosanova, N.A. Berdyaev, performances of outstanding Russian lawyers A.F. Koni, F.N. Pleumo.

M. Gorky (cycles "about modernity", "In America", "Notes on Mesh", "untimely thoughts"), were treated for publicistic genres. Korolenko (letters A.V. Lunacharky), M.A. Sholokhov, A.N. Tolstoy, L. M. Leonov, I.G. Ehrenburg.

Known by their publicistic articles Writers S. Zaligin, V.G. Rasputin, D.A. Granin, V. Lakshin, Academician D.S. Likhachev.

A publicistic style (as mentioned earlier) refers to a speech of a defender or prosecutor in court. And from their oratory, the ability to own a word, often depends on the fate of a person.

Lexical features of journalistic style

For the journalistic style of speech is characteristic wide use social and political vocabulary, as well as vocabulary, denoting the concept of morality, ethics, medicine, economics, culture, words from the field of psychology, words denoting the inner state, human experiences, etc.

In the journalistic style, words are often used: with prefixes A-, anti, de, inter-, times (s), with suffixes -I (I), - (I), -Izazi (I), -ism, - East; With roots, close to the meaning of the accrehensions, all, generally, super-. Complex and comprehensive words, sustainable speech turns are widely used in journalism genres.

Emotional means of expressiveness in the publicistic style of speech

For vocabulary of journalistic style, it is characterized by the use of figurative means, the portable meaning of words, words with bright emotional color.

Means of emotional impacts used in this speech style, diverse. For the most part, they resemble the artistic style of the artistic style of speech with that, however, the difference that their main appointmentit becomes not the creation of artistic images, namely impact on the reader, listener, the conviction of it in something and informing, transferring information.

Epitts (including those who are annex), comparisons, metaphors, rhetorical issues and circulation, lexical reasons, gradation can be attributed to emotional means of expressiveness of the language.

Graduation is sometimes combined with a repeat (you can not lose a single week, not a single day, not one minute), it can enhance with grammatical means: the use of graduation unions and allied combinations (not only ..., but also; not only ..., but And; not so much ... how much).

This includes phraseological units, proverbs, sayings, speaking speech speeds (including spacious); The use of literary images, quotes, humor, irony, self-comparison (ingenious comparisons, ironic inserts, satirical recovery, paroding, calaburov).

The emotional means of the language are combined in a journalistic style with strict logical evidence, the semantic release of particularly important words, revolutions, individual parts of the statement.

The socio-political vocabulary is replenished as a result of the revival of previously known words, but received a new meaning. Such, for example, words: entrepreneur, business, market, etc.

Syntactic features of the journalistic speech style

In the journalistic style of speech, as in scientific, the nouns are often used in parental case In the role of an inconsistent determination of the type of voice of the world, the countries of the neighboring countries. In the proposals in the role of the faugible, verbs in the form insecurityReturn verbs.

The syntax of this speech style is characterized by the use of homogeneous members, introductory words and suggestions, involved and accompanying revolutions, complex syntactic structures.

Publicistic style text sample

As our correspondent reports, yesterday over the central regions of the Penza region passed the unprecedented force of the thunderstorm. In some places there were telegraph poles, torn wires, with the root of the centenary trees. Fires arose in two villages as a result of lightning strike.

Another natural disaster was added to this: storm rain in places caused a strong flood. Some damage is caused agriculture. Temporarily interrupted railway and car communication between neighboring areas. (Informational note in the newspaper)

It should immediately start with the main one. In a journalistic article, unlike essay, the main problem must be expressed in the first two lines. Organize your arguments on the items, make the reader are interested in your topic, then sum up the result that you think can be done to solve this problem. Try something like that:

• "Somehow in childhood in the winter, when the days were very short, and for a walk you had to go to a bunch of clothes, and my sister and I went to the library. We spent days on artistic classes among bookshelves of this historic building. Unfortunately, next month, this library can comprehend the same fate as many others (already closed) public institutions of our area. I believe that this is the last drop. "

Use colorful details and examples in the narrative to attract the reader's attention. Typically, the reader is remembered interesting details, and not dry facts. Of course, in the article there should be reliable facts, but be sure to include several bright and fascinating details in the article so that they remain in the reader's memory. Try to bring real examples to see the reader that this is the topic that is worth reading and thinking about.

• In the example, the library can be written that it was founded by some famous politician / writer / artist, because he felt that residents need a place for reading and discussing. It is possible to bring a story about a librarian who worked in this place for 60 years and read each book from fiction in this library.

Give the reader incentive why this question must be worried. If the reader understands that the topic you write does not really affect him, it is unlikely that he will carefully read your arguments and comments on this. Make so that the topic personally touched each reader. Explain why this topic, as well as your recommendations, comments and ideas will affect the lives of your readers. For example:

• If this library is closed, then more than 130,000 books and films will move to another library, which will force people to go to another city, overcoming the big way (for example, 70 km). Children will not have access to half of the books, as the school always sends children to the library so that they take tutorials there for a year. Etc.

Make this article with personal appeal. This means that in the article you need to include not naked facts, but your personal appeal and request. Give personal examples and arguments that will help to defend their position. Show all your humanity in the article so that readers support you and inspired by your ideas. Show them that you are a real person who is really well versed in this topic.

• Again, take an example with the library. You can tell a story about how in this library you have read your first book, as you have developed good friendly relationships with a cute woman who issued reader tickets, as the library has become your refuge in different difficult life situations.

In its article, use a valid deposit and avoid jargon. Your goal is to motivate the reader to learn about this topic and do something, and not just think about it and forget. Therefore, you need to use a valid deposit. But, keep in mind that too technical jargon will scare the reader, because the article may seem tricky, and he himself can just get confused.

• An example of a persistent collateral: "There is hope that the regional authorities will revoke the plans to close the library."
• An example of a valid pledge: "I hope that the authorities will understand that it is this wonderful library for our district and its inhabitants, and will reconsider his terrible decision to close this training center, development and leisure."

Plan everything in advance and find out the library's director whether it is possible to organize a meeting in the library. Select a date and time, print leaflets with an invitation to discuss the future library with other people. In addition, you can even invite a reporter to record people's opinions, for photos that will attract attention.

It is important to admit that there are people who have a different opinion. It will make you more attractive and deserve respect in the eyes of others (even if you feel that on the other side just fools). Think which opposition methods will be the most correct. For example:

• Of course, those who want to close the library are right that they are fighting for the rise of our economy. Enterprises are closed everywhere, because people simply do not buy goods. But think that the closure of the library will solve the problem of the economy, undoubtedly mistakenly.

Organize a solution to the problem. The opposition, which only rags, but does not offer any decisions (at least steps to the decision), it is unlikely to be heard and supported (in contrast to the opposition's appeal, which proposes ways to solve the problem). Be prepared to discuss possible solutions to the problem and a compromise, which, in your opinion, can go both sides to achieve a better result.

• For example: "If we are members of society, we have the opportunity to save our library. Thanks to the collection of funds and prospects, I think that local authorities will become clear that it is necessary to revise the closure of this historical place. If the authorities had allocated some of the funds that plan to spend on a new mega center, and in line would be in the development of the library, this wonderful landmark would not have to close. "