Why is it important to take the water reserves. Why do water need to take care
Take care of water.
I. Selection of research topics.
Water is one of the main wealth on earth. It is difficult to imagine that it would be with our planet if fresh water disappeared. And such a threat exists. All living things suffer from polluted water, it is harmful to human life. Therefore, water is our main wealth, you need to take care!
Washing dishes in a saturated sink
And this is about 20 extra liters. If they wash the mouth, they need 2-3 liters of water. If you have a dishwasher, rinse the plates before putting it into the device - you do not need to choose a more energy-intensive pre-wash program. In general, the dishwasher saves a lot of water and energy, but it should always be filled with the washing cycle. And if you do not have dishwasherWash your dishes, drowning in the sink. This is about a fifth of a more economical dishwashing option, including rinsing than under running water.
II. Purpose of the study.
Clarify and expand knowledge about water and its meaning for living beings. Reveal the main factors of water pollution and measures to protect its purity.
III. Tasks for research.
Analyze scientific information on the topic;
–
describe the causes of reservoir contamination;
–
get acquainted with the measures for the protection of water bodies from pollution;
–
prove the need for a careful relationship to water;
–
to identify the attitude of adults and children to this problem.
In this case, up to 200 liters of water can run only 10 minutes. P. But they are not so dirty that after some adjustment - simply some kind of physical filtering - they can be used to clean the toilet. One of the ways to reuse used, but not too "contaminated" water is to wash fruits and vegetables over the sink in the sink.
For example, using water, you can wash off a toilet, swim with flowers outside the window or stick to plants in the garden. You can also save on horticulture. Just catch rainwater in a barrel. This in a sense is even better than drinking water containing chlorine. It does not benefit plants or human skin. For our beneficial effect, the hair of our grandmothers seep up in the rain, why not try to wash your head today? Rain water is even recommended for use in the laundry, because it is soft and better dissolves washing powder.
IV. Object, subject and research base:
Object of study: ecology;
Subject of study: Water is a source of life;
Research base: Students, their parents.
V. Research hypothesis.
The man is unreasonably belonging to water and pollutes it. Pocal pollution is dangerous for all living things. Everyone must take water!
In addition, there are not so many stones in the washing machine. Rainwater solution on washing machine It is a slightly more constructive and financial demanding process, but with random washing in the hand of a rain furnace you can try it now. Pay attention to dripping cranes and to the toilet. As soon as you find the problem, try to fix it immediately.
Closing delivery to a long absence
If you are planning a vacation or a longer absence in an apartment or house, be sure to close the plumbing. It often happens that in the absence of owners, for example, a tube breaks out of the toilet, and in addition to the lost liters you also created a mess in the form of flooded not only your apartment, but also the neighbors.
Vi. Research methods:
analysis;
- observation;
- Collection of information from books, magazines, newspapers;
- Questioning;
- comparison;
- generalization.
VII. Research results:
Water is a source of life.
Water is part of any living organism. It is enough to remember the plants leaf in the hands and we will find moisture. In the body of animals, water is usually more than half of the mass. Much water and in the human body. Our body is almost 2/3 consists of water. A living organism constantly consumes water and needs to be replenished. Water drinks fields and forests. Without it, no animals nor birds nor people live.
Do not freeze products under running water, it is gentle for your wallet or food itself. Prepare dishes in the appropriate amount of water in a large pot. If you are cooking from fruits or vegetables, you can wash them in one container. There is no need to wash a single part befluous under running water.
First advice: how to wash the dishes in the sink
There is also a study for Natalie Anna Fux in Bonn University. Here are the main steps for inspiration: Clean the residues of food from the dishes. Place the dishes in the sink. The deeper the food remains, the deeper it will be. Start with washing less dirty and less dry dishes in warm water with detergent. Water should not be complete shell, halfway. Change it when you rate it as dirty, which may be, for example, when foam foam foamed. Then rinse dishes in the sink cold water.
With the development of mankind from the most ancient times to the present day, the water was becoming increasingly important. At first she carried the first duck ship. Then she began to irrigate the fields, created the first primitive water pipes. And now it has already rotates the turbine of modern hydraulics, carries a giant ships ...
Water in danger!
Let the drip dry, do not rub the dishes. Of course, this applies only to large numbers of dishes; Two plates are more economical for washing under running water. How much hot water do you consume? Most of us are convinced that they are trying to save water, but when we look at the consumption of hot water in more detail, our behavior is often the opposite. You will be amazed at how much water it ends here.
General wiring - Beware of unnecessary losses
Effective hot water treatment begins with normal home wiring. First of all, we must focus on the insulation of stairs and risers. In the overwhelming majority of cases, they are in unsatisfactory condition - a common poor isolation of foam, often at first glance, see lowered areas, where isolation is not used at all. The distribution of hot water is hundreds of meters in the basement of the house, and hundreds of meters usually pass through residential kernels.
In the last century, in addition to the natural contamination of natural sources, soil particles, rocks, mineral salts, etc., arose a problem of municipal, industrial, agricultural pollution of water.
The reservoirs are contaminated by the wastewater of industrial and utilities, during the workpiece, processing and alloy of timber, water of mines, mines, oilfields, emissions of water, rail and road transport.
The biggest potential for saving water in the apartment?
When we evaluate daily hygiene from the point of view of tough savings, the shower wins the bathroom filled with water. During a 5-minute shower, we retain more than half of the water compared to the liter bathroom. In addition to this economy, it is also worth focusing on proper choice The shower head, which can satisfy our demands in just 8 liters of water. Economical types can save up to 90 liters of water five minutes after the shower.
Is the relaxation in the bathroom filled with water important to you? Expect the highest consumption of the corner bath. Standard consumption has a classic bath - the volume fluctuates from 110 to 150 liters of water. The only way to save yourself here is to prevent the bath to be up to the limit. You will not be able to make stunning savings, but for a greater bathing you can, for example, each fifth bath, filled with hot water, from your previous savings for free.
The wide use of synthetic detergents in the household and industry leads to an increase in their concentration in wastewateroh. At a concentration of 1 mg / l, small planktonic organisms are dying, such as algae, daphnia, proven carriers. At a concentration of 5 mg / l fishes fish. Synthetic detergents are practically not removed by treatment facilities, so they are quite common to fall into the reservoirs, and from there - in tap water.
Huge progress in the issue of energy saving is provided by tap water. For classic two-pipe cranes that require open hot and cold water, water consumption is usually from 11 to 19 liters per minute. Today, lever faucets are used to save up to 40%. For lever batteries, we can count on other savings. When lifting the lever you feel an elastic stop that tells you that you move to the section with the maximum flow rate. Thanks to this system, you can save a lot of water.
For normal use, you will have a fairly economical water flow. The smallest loss of water consumption will be to use thermostatic batteries. Compared to the lever, it saves up to 50% water. They are also very safe and convenient to work - set the desired water temperature, and then the battery will automatically dry hot and cold. Due to the specified temperature, there is no danger of scalding.
Water protection.
Special systems of wastewater treatment plants use for cleaning liquid effluents. For the purification of household waste, as well as for each enterprise, their sewage treatment facilities are designed.
Water protection is a system of measures aimed at preventing and eliminating the effects of pollution and water depletion, their rational use. Thanks to special security measures, environmental well-being is ensured. water resources. Water legislation regulates not only water consumption, but also the conditions that must be respected in the territories adjacent to the water bodies. Quality standards drinking water contained in a special document - State Standa "Drinking water".
In the kitchen, we focus on the dishwasher
The greatest savings on the consumption of water in the kitchen in the dishwasher. This is the second place behind the bathroom in households in water consumption. Even when the washing is washed, the flow rate is about 20 liters. In a ten-minute dishwashing procedure, consumption is about 150-200 liters. Dishwashers bring big changes. The economical dishwasher saves up to 60% water and approximately the same thermal energy. The basis is the use of the complete capacity of the dishwasher.
Why water should be preserved.
Water on Earth is at the same time a lot, and little. Its a lot in the oceans and seas, but naval salt water is unsuitable for drinking, as well as for many technical industries. agriculture. Freshwater is significantly less and a third of the population of the Earth is experiencing a sharp disadvantage in it. Limited stocks fresh water Even more reduced due to their pollution.
In the toilet does not include water
Significant savings of water consumption in the toilet leads to the choice of water for flushing. Typical systems - 3 or 6 liters compared to the original 8 liters. For older systems, be careful with the reservoir stream.
But the fall falls, the loss of water quickly develops
Do you know that a slightly dripping crane can flow up to 24 liters of water per day? It is not economic to have this hand. The battery can also turn off the tap in the evening, and the water pressure will increase overnight. Then, when the seal fails, the water will flow.Our research.
Having studied the appropriate literature on this issue by conducting a practical lesson "How to Clean Polluted Water", as well as to learn about the water treatment facilities in our city (waterway treatment facilities and sewering MUP ASTRAKHANI "Vodokanal") We conducted a game interview among relatives. After analyzing the answers of our relatives, we made up forms-questionnaires with similar issues to find out the attitude of other students of our classes and their parents to this problem.
If you run through the toilet, you can use about 60 cubic meters of water this month. If not to consider, we will have to pull out a few more thousands of our wallet. But let's look at the savings that we do not need to repair. Do you close the water when you brush your teeth or when do you wash in the shower? Just think and do not let the water run without the need. Just cleaning teeth in two minutes saves up to 20 liters of water.
For water heaters, make sure that the temperature and place are installed correctly
Savings are waiting for us in the kitchen. Water consumption clearly leads to washing. When washing dishes under running water, we use up to three times more water than when washing in the sink. Stability to maintain this higher temperature, uneconomical. For all water heaters in the apartment, the closer we are to the sampling point, the better we retain water at the desired temperature.
28 people participated in the survey: 16 children and 12 adults.
Questions
Is water pollution dangerous for a person?
Do you know about water treatment facilities in our city?
Do you have your own water purification system in your family?
Should every person take water?
Answers
yes
not
i do not know
yes
not
You may not pay attention to hot water consumption. Water, in contrast to heating, but we use it every day and think that its consumption is really paying off. Thus, you protect fresh water stocks - the need to save natural resources Futual generations means the rational use of natural resources that do not exceed the possibilities of their natural resumption and compensation. You save your money.
Eliminate the places where water flows, for example, water taps, toilets or water pipes. After a while, small drops will turn into a large number of water. Install water heaters. Example: what can lead to water leakage in your home.
yes
not
i do not know
yes
not
i do not know
Adults
Children
From the results of the table we concluded that adults and most students are aware of the danger of water pollution for the human life and the need for a careful attitude towards the main wealth of the Earth. Most families have their own water purification systems. But not all survey participants know about the water treatment facilities of our city.
If you leave an apartment or a family house for a longer period, we recommend closing the main closure of water for an apartment or at home. Shower instead of bath, sink, nipples. You can save water without investment. Who wants to save more, they get lever batteries, energy-saving shower and dishwasher.
Most water consumes each of us for washing. Up to 50 percent of total daily consumption. If we calculate the daily dose of water about 120 liters per person, 60 liters are suitable for personal hygiene. While the full bath is from 100 to 150 liters of water, a luxurious corner of 200, and when you take a shower, you use the third, that is, from 30 to 50 liters. One bathing in the bathroom will cost you eight crowns, shining a little less than three crowns. If you can not forgive the bath in the bath, choose her anatomical shape when it is done, the leg is slightly narrowed, so there are so many water in it, and you can save another 30 percent of the water by setting the cost-effective head. Old shower protects even 20 liters of water per minute, only from 12 to 15 liters of water. You pay her about 300 kroons. Use energy-saving shower heads with a shut-off valve, saving you another 30 percent. Rinsing with rinse water, then stop it, beat and turn on the valve with pre-mixed hot water. This will reduce consumption up to six liters per minute. For all spills, take pearls, preferably the so-called anti-oxin. Water flows less, but since it is enriched with air and creates the impression of a strong current, you do not change the changes. It costs from 200 kroons. When washing hands, cleaning teeth or shave, do not drain the water without needing and close it. If you wash your hands on average 10 seconds and leave the flow water, three liters of water will be drained at 17 Helles. If you wash twelve times a day, these are two crowns, a year more than when you close the water while you wash your hands, you will get a third of your wash. To clean your teeth, use a cup. Then two waters are enough for twenty liters of water for two minutes. Instead of twenty crowns for twenty for washing, you put 27 Helles. The lever mixer will reduce hot water installation time, saving you a liter of clean water that protects waste before you satisfy the temperature. Another advantage is the acquisition of lever thermostatic batteries. Directly on the battery case, a safe temperature is installed, so you can avoid mixing water and risk of scarding. Compared to a conventional lever mixer, you will save 50 percent of water. Instead of swimming in the bathroom, make a shower. . If you want to save money and do not have pearls or energy-saving heads, you just need to strangle the water when you enter the battery, so tighten the mixers and give water to pour water.
In addition to the questionnaire, we developed a class hour on the topic: "Why water should be preserved", which conducted in 2 "a" and 3 "a" classes, where we shared with students the results of their research, they told about what measures to protect and water purification are applied In our city than we - children can help in solving this problem.
Class hour "Why do the water need to take care?"
Objectives:
supplement the ideas of children about the role of water for a person, reveal the main factors of its pollution; expand the general horizon of children; To form a careful and careful attitude towards the surrounding nature.
Move classroom hour
Organizing time.
Message themes and classroom targets.
Teacher.
Summing up design work on the topic "Take care of the water! ", Today we spend a class hour on the topic" Why do the water need to take care? "
Introduction to the topic.
Student. If you look at the globe, most of the blue paint on it. Blue depicting water. Water is one of the most important substances for humans. Without it, it's not to do anyone and never, and I have nothing to replace.
Student.
The human body, including blood, brain, more than half consists of water. And in some plants it is contained even more. It is enough to trim and memorize a leaf of the plant in the hands to make sure that.
Student
Water is an important substance for the body: at 1 kg of the body of the cow - 600 g of water, ducks - 700 g of water, in jellyfish per 100 g of body - 99 g of water. Thus, we see that water is part of any body.
Teacher.
Planets rotating around the Sun have their own colors. Venus brightly white. This is the color of enveloping clouds. Mars reddish. This is the color of Martian sands. Neptune bluish, this is the color of its gases. And our land in pictures from space looks blue. This is the color of her oceans and seas. Do you still know any reservoirs? We now check it, guessing the riddles and deciding the crossword "reservoir (artificial and natural)"
Questions
Horizontally:
6. In the middle of the field lies the mirror - the glass is blue, the frame is green.
7.
Who runs on the mountain slopes,
Himself tarato
And in thick grass green
Hides the tail of blue?
8.
Young rows are staring in it,
Colorful trying on the jacks.
Young birchings look into it,
His hairstyle in front of him.
And a month and stars - everything is reflected in it.
How is this mirror called?
9. Artificial channel filled with water.
10. Part of the water space, coming into the land.
Vertically:
1.
Not water and not dry -
You don't swim on the boat
And you won't pass the legs.
3. Water space ished by mainland or between continents.
4. Circle water, and drinking trouble.
5.
Slightly trembling on the breeze
Ribbon on the square:
Narrow tip - in the spring,
And wide - in the sea.
6. Narrow water space separating land and connect adjacent water pools or parts them.
Answers:
Horizontally:
6. Pond. 7. Creek. 8. Lake. 9. Channel. 10. Bay.
Vertically:
1. Swamp. 3. Ocean. 4. Sea. 5. River. 6. Strait.
In the highlighted cells - the word WATER.
Student.
Did you hear about the water?
She says everywhere!
In the pool, in the sea, in the ocean
And water tap.
How icicle freezes,
In the forest fog rinsing,
The glacier in the mountains is called
Silver river goes.
We do not notice her.
We are accustomed to water -
Our companion is always.
Student.
Spring is dried, streams weak,
And we are from the crane - Cap, Cap, Cap ...
Melting rivers and sea
Do not waste water in vain, in vain, in vain ...
And it will pass a little years,
And no water - no, no, no ...
Teacher.
All you know Pushkin's fairy tale about how the old man caught the old man in the old man. How does this happen today?
Scene is played.
Leading.
I went to Denis on the river to catch the fish. Once he threw his fishing rod in the river - caught a bottle from under the juice. The second time he threw the fishing rod - caught a ragged shoe. For the third time I threw a fishing rod, and a little fish came across. It was a pity to Denis fish, he decided to let her go to the river - let him grow up! And suddenly the fish spoke to the voice of man.
Fish.
Do not let me go back to the river! Better throw in aquarium with clean water. Moine no more live in the river!
Teacher.
Why didn't fish wanted to stay in water? After all, water is her home!
Pupils.
Probably, the water in the river was dirty.
Teacher.
How does water pollution occur? What danger threatens fish and other inhabitants of water bodies? Why?
Student.
Clean water on Earth is becoming less and less. Plants and factories, power plants consume a lot of water and simultaneously pollute its waste from production.
Fish, plants, beasts - all living dies in such water. Dirty water poisoned air, cause diseases. But is there a limit of pollution of water? After all, it cannot continue infinitely.
Bear water - this means to take care of life, health, the beauty of the surrounding world.
Research results.
Teacher.
In our city, too, not all safely with the purity of water bodies. In the Volga River, production waste is discharged. The garbage along the banks of the river falls into the water and clogs it. Car wash near the river contributes to pollution.
Acquaintance with the results and output of the survey.
Listening to students on the subject of research.
View environmental signs showing how to preserve water.
Summarizing.
Teacher.And now let's summarize our class hour and formulate the rules of respect for water.
Pupils.
Pay attention, it does not flow in vain water from a water tap of the house, at school. If you notice this, close the crane.
It happens, we spend a lot of water useless, without noticing it. For example, you wash your hands, wash under a strong jet. Cover a little crane. It does not hurt to wash, and water lears less.
Learn to brush your teeth so as not to spend in vain water. To do this, do not leave the faucet open while you brush your teeth and put your mouth. Immediately pour water into the cup and close the crane. Ringed mouth from the cup is very convenient. And how much water you saved!
You want to cool lemonade and hold a bottle under a cold jet. Whether it is not better to put lemonade into the refrigerator, and to care.
If water flows due to the fault of the crane or column, it is necessary to immediately report adults.
Do not litter on the banks of the rivers, do not wash the cars in them.
Teacher.
If we know and fulfill the rules of economical spending of water, we will help save water.
Conclusions:
During the study, we expanded our knowledge about the water, met with the causes of the pollution of water bodies and the measures of their protection, learned to take care of water and save it.
Water is life. The oldest civilizations originated in the water, in the valleys of the Great Rivers: "Water" water - emptying the city and villages.
We will not need to keep an open plumbing crane, we will not contaminate the reservoirs of the garbage, we will protect and save every drop of water!
MBOU "Lyceum" research work Natural sciences Why do you need to protect the water and how to do it: the student of the 4th grade "B" MBOU "Lyceum" Lyceum Arina Alekseevna Head: Teacher MBOU "Lyceum" Cupper Olga Aleksandrovna G. Protvino 2015 1 Table of Contents Introduction ...... .............................................................................. 3 Water Her role and value. Factors of pollution of water and measures to protect her purity .......................................................................................... 4 1.1 Water is a source of life .... ...... ..... ........................................................ .. 4 1.2 Distribution of water on Earth ........................................................ 5 1.3 Water in danger! ............................................ .......................................... 6 1.3 Water protection .......... . ......................................................................... .................................................................................... ... ... 9 1. My research on the need for a careful attitude towards water ... ............................................................................................. . 10 2.1. Observations ............................................................................ 10 2.2. Experiments ..................................................................... 11 2.3. Sociological survey ........................................................... 12 Conclusion .............................................................................. ..13 List of references and Internet resources ............................................................................................................................... ......... ..15 2 Introduction The relevance of the topic: Once, having received the receipt of the rent, Mom exclaimed upset: "Wow!" I asked what it was, and heard - a high journey. "Is it possible to somehow reduce it?" I asked. Mom answered: "You can, if we save water economically." And the next day at the lesson of the world, I heard that fresh water in the world is only 3%. These reserves are depleted, fresh water is becoming less and less. All living things suffer from polluted water, it is harmful to human life. Then I decided to find out how to protect the water. Therefore, I chose the topic of research "Why you need to take water and how to do it." Problem: How to save water? Purpose: Prove that you need to treat fresh water. Tasks: - to wear and expand knowledge about water and its meaning for living beings; - per analyze scientific information on the topic; - learn about fresh water reserves; - describe the reasons for the contamination of water bodies; - to prove the need for a careful relationship to water; - to identify the attitude of adults and children to this problem; - Determine how to eliminate water loss. Object research: fresh water. Subject of research: how to save fresh water. Hypotheses. 1. A person is unreasonable refers to water and pollutes it. 2. If every person will take the water, then we will lose fresh water less. 3 Stages of work: 1. Study of reference literature on the topic and search for information on the Internet. 2. Observation. 3. Experiment. 4. Sociological survey. 5. Analysis, comparison and generalization of the information received. 1. The water is its role and value. Factors of water pollution and measures to protect its purity. Water - the life source water is the basis of life on our planet. It is hard to find such a natural body that would not contain water. Moisture contain even stones and fiery magma. The floral world consists of water by 70-95%. Water for human organism - This is the second largest substance after oxygen. It is no coincidence that a person can live without food more than 4 weeks, and without water - no more than 7 days. A living organism constantly consumes water and needs to be replenished. Water drinks fields and forests. Without it, no animals nor birds nor people live. Water needs everything alive on Earth. Water is everywhere - in the oceans, seas, rivers and lakes, under the ground and in the soil, may be in the form of snow and ice, clouds, fog, couple, rain, snow, underground rivers and lakes. The total amount of water on Earth does not change. The main stocks of fresh water are concentrated in polar ice. Limited freshwater reserves are reduced due to contamination. 4 Water distribution on Earth: 97% water on the planet is the salt waters of the seas and oceans. 3% (that is, 3.95 million cubic meters. Km- This is about 150 Lakes Baikal) -pric waters suitable for humans. Freshwater stocks are distributed as follows: 69-75% - Arctic, Antarctic, Greenland, Mountain glaciers, icebergs. 24-30% - groundwater. 0.5% - atmospheric moisture. 0.5% - surface water. The overwhelming majority of water on the planet Earth is salted water (97%) which is not suitable for nor people nor animals (with the exception of marine animals), no plants. Most fresh water-- it is snow and ice. In Russia, many glaciers in the Arctic, in the Caucasus, Kamchatka, Altai, in Siberia. A small part of freshwater reserves is located in rivers and lakes, there are about 2 million in Russia. The share of Baikal alone accounts for 88% of Russian freshwater reserves! Ground waters are distributed throughout Russia at different depths. I learned that: * 70% ground surface It is occupied by water, that is, the water is the most common element on the ground. * In the world, water is used not only for direct consumption by man (drink, cooking), but still for many other purposes: agriculture occupies the first place among the sectors of our country's economy. To obtain 1 T of wheat, 1500 tons of water is needed, 1t rice - more than 7000 tons, 1t cotton - about 10,000 tons. The second place is given to the industry. No industrial enterprise can function without using water from natural sources. The need for enterprises in water varies in a wide range of 5 limits and depends on the type of product obtained, adopted technology, water supply systems (direct or water-related), climatic conditions, etc. So, 2 tons of water are spent for obtaining 1 tons of coal - 15- 20 tons, cellulose - 400-500 tons, synthetic fiber - 500 m3. The third place in water-intensity occupies a communal community of cities. A significant amount of pure water is spent on dilution, disinfecting of effluents and garbage of industry, agriculture, construction, settlements and transport routes, i.e., to combat pollution of the hydrosphere. * It is difficult to imagine, but an approximate volume of the water supply of water is 326 million cubic miles (this is one fifteenth of the moon volume). Without water there would be no life. Any living creature needs it, and every such creature at least consists of it. Moreover, water is used absolutely everywhere: in the fields to grow grain, in the kitchen - to cook, in the bath - to wash ... * On average, a person spends 250 liters of water a day. And for a person she is indispensable. For their lives, it uses about 640000 liters. It is the water to take care of the vital processes occurring in our organism, produces biological reactions, helps to digest food and extract nutrients from it. Water in danger! There has always been natural pollution of water - this is the destruction of rocks, volcanic activity, the allocation of products of the vital activity of various organisms that live in water. For example, floods are washed out of the soil meadows of magnesium compound, which cause tremendous damage to fish reserves. However, the volume of natural pollutants is very small compared to those produced by a person. But with the development of humanity, an artificial pollution problem arose. 6 reservoirs are polluted by waste utilities, with waters of workpiece, industrial processing and and alloy of timber, waters of mines, mines, oilfields, emissions of water, rail and road transport. Curly, at first glance, widespread use in the everyday life and industry of detergents and cleaning agents leads to an increase in them in wastewater. Synthetic detergents are practically not removed by cleaning facilities, so they often fall into reservoirs. But it is enough to add to 1 liter of water only 1 milligram synthetic detergent, and small planktonic organisms will die, such as algae, daphnia, proofing. And if you add 5 mg, fits fish. In addition, they fall into plumbing pipes from water bodies-- and therefore, and to our food! Most often we do not see water pollution with a naked eye, as pollutants are dissolved in water. But there are exceptions: foaming detergents, "rainbow" divorces of petroleum products and crude drains. Every year thousands of chemicals fall into the water pools, which, connecting with each other, give new chemical compounds. In water, an increased amount of toxic heavy metals can be detected (such as cadmium, mercury, lead, chrome), pesticides and much more. As you know, every year in the sea and the oceans fall up to 12 million tons of oil, which covers the surface of the water with a thin film and disrupts the flow of oxygen. Birds and animals that have fallen into the oil film are dying, as oxygen access is stopped. Also, petroleum products cause various changes and rapid reproduction of microorganisms that cause various mass diseases. Radioactive waste falls from nuclear power plants into the water cycle. Reset of untreated wastewater into water sources leads to microbiological pollution of water. According to the World Health Organization, 80% of diseases in the world are caused by 7 inappropriate quality and an unsanitary state of water. In rural areas, the quality of water quality is especially acute - about 90% of all rural residents in the world are constantly used for drinking and bathing with polluted water. Water protection Water protection is a system of measures aimed at preventing and eliminating the effects of pollution and exhaustion of water, their rational use. Thanks to special security measures, environmental well-being of water resources is ensured. Water legislation regulates not only water consumption, but also the conditions that must be respected in the territories adjacent to the water bodies. The quality of drinking water quality is contained in a special document - the state standard "drinking water". A few decades ago of the river due to self-cleaning function coped with the purification of water. Now, in the most expensive areas of the country, as a result of the construction of new cities and industrial enterprises, water use lines are located so tightly, which is often the place of wastewater discharge and water intakes are almost near. Therefore, developing and implementing effective methods Cleaning and purification of wastewater, cleaning and disposal of tap water is paid to more and more attention. Sequential wastewater treatment in modern enterprises involves conducting primary, mechanical cleaning and secondary, biological. Wastewater disinfection is carried out through their chlorination and ozonation. Even modern sewage treatment plants cope with their task only by 85-90% and only in some cases - by 95%. Therefore, even after cleaning, wastewater must be diluted with clean water 612 times. Only with this condition remains the normal activity of aquatic ecosystems. 8 In the protection of water resources from pollution, a set of measures is important, which includes the creation of complex district water consumption schemes, drainage and wastewater treatment. There must be strict control over the quality of water in the sources where the fence and the development of methods of high-quality cleaning occurs. It must be emphasized that one of the pollution is the main measures to combat the termination water objects as wastewater receivers. The same watercourses and reservoirs, if possible, should not be used simultaneously for water intake and sewage reception. Why water should be protected on the ground at the same time and a lot. Its a lot in the oceans and seas, but the sea salt water is unsuitable for drinking, as well as for many technical industries of agriculture. Freshwater is significantly less and a third of the population of the Earth (residents of Africa and Asia) is experiencing a sharp disadvantage in it. Limited fresh water reserves are even more reduced due to their pollution. The annual stock of Russian rivers - 4 thousand km3 of water, i.e., 10 times more than the annual consumption. At first glance, there is enough water with an excess. In fact, it turns out not quite so. Three quarters of river water flows into the sea for 3 months of spring flood. To round year It is enough to have enough water, we break the rivers with dams and stock water in reservoirs. This work is difficult and expensive. Nature unfairly distributed fresh water on the surface of the sushi. In the north, where little sun and the soil is not particularly fertile, a lot of water. In the south - in the Ukrainian and Volga steppes, in the deserts of Central Asia, many sun and soil fertile, and there is little water. Sometimes where the land is rich in coal and ore, where the most suitable place for the development of the industry is also not enough water. To drink the earth-dried earth and provide water industry, conduct channels for 9 tens and hundreds of kilometers. Their structure is more expensive than the construction of dams and reservoirs. In many places the groundwater You have to scroll through pumping stations. In a word, water - the road "material", and, the more distance, which it comes to deliver it, the more expensive. We can cut the channels, create reservoirs and use groundwater. This will provide irrigation of fields and water supply of cities and industry. We are not threatened with a lack of fresh water, but we are threatened with something more terrible - the lack of pure water. Pollution of water today has become a worldwide disaster. That is why water needs to be protected! Interesting information: O from a fully open crane takes up to 15 liters of water per minute. o At washing the slides of dirty dishes under a strong jet goes about 100 liters of water. o When washing a car from the hose is consumed to 200 liters of water. o When leaking water in the toilet, 40 liters of water takes place. o For the adoption of the bath you need three times more water than for the shower. That is, if the volume of the bath is 300 liters, then when taking a shower we save 200 liters! o For cooking per day, 30-40 liters of water is spent. o The weekend consumption of water in the house increases by 100-150 liters. 2. My observation studies I began to observe how we use water. It turned out unreasonable: - Brush teeth - the crane is open, and the water jet flows into the sewer. 10 - Forget to close the crane, leaving the kitchen or bathroom. - My dishes, holding a crane open. - Very closely close the crane, and the water is slowly dripping. - Children in the dining room wash their hands, opening the crane completely. Experiments Exhibiting Water The purpose of the experiment is to find out if you can save water if we spend it carefully. I recorded the water meter testimony. Two weeks my family enjoyed water as before. I noted new meter readings. And then two weeks tried to take water. And again looked at the testimony of the water meter. It turned out that in two weeks you can save 2 cubic meters of water (1 cold and 1 hot)! And this is taking into account the fact that in our family besides me, two more young children, so it does not work much. We calculated savings in monetary equivalent - it turned out 152 rubles. 71 kopecks. These are 4 packs of milk or 5 ice cream. At first glance, a small amount, but if you count for a year, it will work out 3665 rubles. And this is only one family !!! So, it is reasonable to use water, we not only bear it, but also save money. Experiment "Crane" The purpose of the experiment is to find out if the type of crane affects the water consumption. My house has a valve crane and lever. I noticed that mixing hot and cold water in the lever crane is faster - it is possible to obtain the desired water temperature for 30-40 seconds. And to configure water in the valve crane, you need about 1 minute. For extra 30 seconds from the crane "leaves" 5-6 liters of water. We open the crane on average 20 times within one day. So, using a lever crane, you can save about 100 liters of water per day !!! 11 Experiment "Cleaning the teeth" The purpose of the experiment is to find out whether it is possible to save water if you pour it into a glass when cleaning the teeth, and not leave the crane open. We spotted how much water is spent when cleaning the teeth. It turned out that if you use a glass, then only one person saves 1 time with 5-10 liters of water! That is, for the day, our family saved when using a glass of about 50 liters of water! And per month it is 1500 liters !!! Sociological survey Having studied the appropriate literature on this issue, as well as to learn about the water treatment facilities in our city (water disposal and water purification controlled OJSC Protvin Energy Enterprise) I conducted a game interview among relatives and acquaintances. 100 people participated in the survey: 83 children and 17 adults. From the results of the table, I concluded that adults and most students are aware of the danger of water pollution for the human life and the need for a careful attitude towards the main wealth of the Earth. But almost half of the survey participants do not know about the water treatment facilities of our city. More than half of the respondents do not pollute and save water. But the third of the respondents never thought about the issue of water saving, it means that it can be assumed that they do not save water. Most of the respondents answered that they do not pollute the water, it means that they can not be assumed that they do not realize that their daily actions (washing dishes, the use of washing powder, etc.) lead to contamination. 12 Conclusion As a result of the conducted research work, I am the rules of respect for water. Conclusions: 1. The amount of water is limited. 2. Water is polluted. 3. If every person will protect the water, then each family per year can save 48,000 liters of water !!! (and these are more than two railway tanks). And if all families !!! 4. I will not need to keep an open plumbing crane without necessary, we will not contaminate the reservoirs of garbage, we will protect and save every drop of water. 5. Water is life, beauty, health. If water disappears, life will disappear. As a result of the study, it was proved that both hypothesis are true. 13 References and Internet resources 1. Avician A.B., Shirokov V.M. Comprehensive use and protection of water resources: studies. benefit. - MN: Un-Code, 1999. 2. Belichenko Yu.P., Shvetsov M.N. Rational use and protection of water resources. - M.: Rosselkhozyzdat, 2006. 3. Kochansky A.M. and others. Cleaning and the use of wastewater, - M.: Chemistry, 2006. 4. Encyclopedia "Peace around us." M., 2000. 5. K.K.Delstein. M.I. Sahars "Restoration and protection of small rivers" ed. AGROPROMISDAT 1989 7. Sokolovskaya OM, Turkadze T.G. "Problems of security water objects and utilization of waste in the cities "ed. Moscow 1987. 8. Vladimirov A.M. and others. Guard ambient. - L.: Hydrometeoisdat, 1991. 9. Vorobiev G.A. We explore small rivers. - Vologda: VGPU, 1997. 10. http://www.coolreferat.com/Vode_-_Inkeeper_zhizni_NE_ZEX 11. http://www.bestreferat.ru/referat-26016.html 12. http://www.vseozeemle.ru /2008-05-04-18-31-40/2008-05-04-18-37-11/86-200805-09-10-39-21.html 13. http://www.coolreferat.com/ Protection_Survenon_VOW 14. http://xreferat.ru/112/786-1-pravovaya-ohrana-vod.html 15. http://www.bestreferat.ru/referat-120479.html 14 Appendix No. 1 Questionnaire is dangerous whether water pollution is dangerous For a person? --Whvel - Do not know whether you know about water treatment facilities in the city? - Did you know why every person should be preserved water? - Does it be dangerous to pollution of water for a person? --Whvel - Do not know whether you know about water treatment facilities in the city? - Did you know why every person should be preserved water? --Dead 15 Appendix No. 2 The results of a sociological survey Questions are dangerous to pollution of water for a person? Answers Do you know about the water treatment facilities of our city? Yes No Due to know you know why save each water? Should take water? No Yes No Are you polluting the water? Yes No No Yes No I know I know Adults 17 0 0 13 4 17 0 14 3 0 0 16 1 Children 4 40 43 79 4 51 0 32 2 69 12 78 1 Final table of sociological survey 100% Do not know 50% No yes 0% 16 Appendix No. 3 Rules of respect for water. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Do not pass by an outdoor crane. I noticed - immediately close! Cover a little crane when washing and washing hands. It does not hurt to wash, and water lears less. When cleaning teeth, use a cup. Ringed mouth from the cup is very convenient. And how much water you saved! For cooling products, use the refrigerator, and not flowing water! If water flows due to fault factor or column, immediately apply to adults. Do not merby on the banks of the rivers, do not wash the cars in them. Tell your parents and familiar, that, my car in the river, they pollute the water. . 17.
