In the vegetative reproduction of varieties of plants persist. Plant reproduction by chain

10.12.2018

For breeding wood plants there are not so many ways. And one of them, has long been well-known - reproduction with gangways. Its essence is to force the stalk or branch of the plant to be rooted before it (it) will be separated from the parent plant.

This method has advantage that distinguishes it from another way - reproduction with cuttings: it is not necessary to constantly control the surrounding conditions in order to maintain the viability of the plant until it is diverse. Almost all plants in the garden are well multiplied with the gardens: currants, gooseberries, viburnum, black raspberry, grapes, lemongrass, actinidium, dating, black elder, Clematis, Kizvatis, Loche Silver, Chubuschnik and many others. And with this method, it is possible to preserve old favorite varieties.

The rod to be trimmed should be about 10 cm for herbaceous plants and 15 cm for deciduous plants. The leaves are removed from the base, and only about 2 leaves are preserved at the end, and if these leaves are large, they are cut in half to limit evaporation.

Cutting in the ground, with choking

Then he was planted and planted from April to July in a pot, filled with light soil for sowing, vermiculitis or river sand. Previously, the base of escape, about 2 cm, can be slightly sprinkled with cutting hormones, which will help with the adoption. Water sprayed and covered with a film or a transparent plastic package, plastic is drilled by small holes to plump a little, and we follow that it does not touch the plant. To grow up, growth is gradually accelerated, this method contributes to rooting by reconstructing the ideal conditions of the greenhouse: moisture, heat and light. Watering should be regular, but not too numerous, because the plant should not rot. This type of cuttings is made with shoots that are still soft or semi-rigid, that is, they solidify, become wood, in the latter case, from mid-August to early September.

The two remaining sheet are slightly higher than the Earth.
Click to remove excess powder.

Cuttings are fast and economical method of breedingwhich allows you to get a large number of Objects from the same parent plant.

As with any method of reproduction, it is important for the molds to correctly select shoots, as well as create the conditions under which the formation of roots will begin. Plants that we want to breed, you need to celebrate from spring.

The escape state is noticed that powerful, good growing shoots are well rooted. It is usually young annual strong shoots that are also easier to bend to the ground.

It is also an ideal technique for playing exactly the plants that you like in your garden or other. Depending on the species, we reduce the spring, the beginning of summer, at the end of summer or in the fall, but for many plants and shrubs, the August month is the most favorable period. Discover our secrets of Lady's success!

August, the most favorable period!

In summer, the heat vegetative cycle of most plants usually denotes a stop. Then, in August, a restart occurs, which marks the expected signal of the cutting of the living ingreders, but also multiplies the plants by cutting. For many species of your garden, the end of summer is the most favorable period. Indeed, it is at this time that the stalks that need to be cut are "semi-grid", that is, the base of the stems is already difficult, and the tip is still soft.

Light - it was found that the roots begin to grow only after the light stops the light to the cerebral stalk. The earlier it is to cover the stem from the light (to cover the soil or dip), the stronger the plant will have a desire to grow. It is believed that the delay with extracting is one of the main reasons for the failure with the rooting of the messengers even in powerful shoots.

Reduction is a secret of success. The latter should be healthy, free from diseases and preferably without colors. Choose a maternal plant that matches these three criteria. Then remove all the leaves except those that are in the upper part of the stem, the goal is to limit evaporation and provide good recovery.

It is advisable to use ore hormone to help restore cuttings. Many gardeners use a synthetic hormone to help emission and root growth. Then place your cuttings in a mixture of semi-finished, semi-sand or seed material that you moisturized before. When your little scoops are ready, place them in a shadow place, protected from wind and strong influences, but water moderately risks calling the rot. Some varieties really need a large humidity, one solution is to surround the pot with a plastic package, retained with a rubber ribbon, or use mini-greenhouse culture.

The soil is the land where the root of the escape will be prepared especially. The soil should have a good drainage, so that the tanks do not flick, good moisture-holding ability, to be "air" and fertile. In severe soil, peat, sand. The earth is drunk to a depth of at least the bayonet shovel.

Warm - in the zone of future roots should be warm, so the gods are advisable to send to the side where more penetrates sun ray. However, you need to not forget that heat is useful only if the soil is wet. In a dry summer, rooted drains should be water.

Copy the cut shorter when it is necessary. Miroslav Yielequis Little time: 2 lessons Form: Group work Abstract: This laboratory work is used to complete the curriculum on germination and methods of vegetative reproduction of plants. Practically try some methods of plant reproduction of plants. Motivation, theory: germination of seeds, where the embryo grows from the seed. Seedlings need water, heat and oxygen. If there is no of these conditions, the plant does not germinate.

The ability of the seed to grow, i.e. germinate, called germination. This is indicated as a percentage, that is, the number of seeds that germinate from 100 seeds. Seeds of various plants retain germination over a different duration of time, depending on the genetic properties of the plant and ambient. Vegetative reproduction of plants is the method of irrelevant reproduction, where new plant Comes from the parent plant. It is breeding beetles, onions, rhizomes, tubers, cuttings, threshing, splitting, vaccination and vaccination.

Property stimulation - the sevent of the formation of roots is to violate the movement of nutrients and phytohormones. For this, it is usually enough to bend a branch at right angles. In difficult crops, it is resorted to additional events, for example, the stalk tightly sink copper wire, or remove the ring of the crust, or make a bias of the cortex, or make-grooves along the stem before the wood - all this is done in places where it is necessary to provoke root growth. The prepared places of formation of future roots on a tank can be pre-treated with stimulants of root root of Kornin type. This will increase the rootability of 2-4 times.

Task 1: swelling pressure of seed 50 pieces of dry pea seeds or beans, water, gypsum, cardboard box, larger water container, digital camera. Pupils fill the cardboard box of about half plaster mixed with water. While the stucco is still soft, it places about 50 dry peas or legumes with rows. On the seeds, students give another layer of plaster suspension, while the box is not filled. Once the gypsum hardens, the box removes the box using a digital camera to create a photo of a gypsum casting, which it inserts into the working sheet.

The stalks began to bother from the parent plant in three or four weeks to complete excavation. There are several techniques for performing reproduction.

Conventional letters

This is the easiest and very effective method The reproduction of many plants in which the parent plant is damaged minimally. It is convenient for this method to take (or give) from the neighbors liked the varieties of plants. We are usually laid at the beginning of spring as soon as it becomes possible to process the soil.

Pupils throw a gypsum casting in a large pot with water. After about 2-3 days, they will observe casting changes and create a photo that they put on a sheet. Task 2: Detection of seed germination under various environmental conditions 60 pea seeds, 4 cups of Petri, filter paper, water. It puts filter paper in all four Petri dishes, which will be extinguished in two cups of Petri. On filter papers in Petri dishes, 15 pea seeds are obtained. The first cup of Petri with seeds on the moistened filter paper is placed on the windowsill at room temperature.

1 Method: The selected branch or escape must be burned to the ground and mark its future position since 20 cm from the top. Then let go of the branch, and on a marked place to dig a groove with a width and depth of 10-15 cm, gradually reducing the depth towards the base of the bush. Then the branch is prepared to the branch (solenit, etc., dust dusty of the root formation), laid on the bottom of the groove, leaving outside the back up the top of about 20 cm long. If the stem resists the bending and seeks to straighten up, it must be pissed to the soil. Now you can float the soil stem. A little tamper and pour. And take measures so that the soil does not dry, especially, in arid periods. For example, cover the surface of a piece of rubberoid or films. The roots were formed on the drain, the rise of the top of the stem will be raised. The grooves are often called horizontal.

Place the second Petri dish in a refrigerator with seeds on moistened filter paper. The third cup of Petri with seeds on dry filter paper is placed on the windowsill at room temperature. Place the fourth Petri dish with seeds on dry filter paper in the refrigerator. For one week, students control how the seed group germinates, i.e. Experimentally checks the conditions for germination of plants. For better rooting, the cuttings can be inserted into the growth stimulator. The finished cuttings of Pelargonium are planted into the prepared pots with the substrate, so that about 2 sheets are under the substrate surface and pour into the water.

2 Method: Can not dig the groove, but simply put on top on the prepared soil of the gag, the plotting to the soil, to fall asleep the earth. A holmik is formed, which is covered with a film so that the soil does not drive. Usually, the branch bent from the bush takes the arcuate position in this case, so such a chain is called the arc. In the fall, the stalk drag is cut from the parent plant. After 3-4 weeks, they cut the top of the eclipsed escape. If the tank has a good root system, it is digging in autumn or spring and plant on a permanent place. IN otherwise It is struck by another year, not touching.

Flower pots with geranium grainy places them in a bright place, constantly watered and observe the growth of pelargonium. Pupils are preparing equally strong apple trees. The modified vaccination of the grassy plant part is transmitted part of the modified polynical reference frame, which translates the screw pupils is cut with a sharp knife under part and the upper part of the rhizoma grafted with a long oblique section, so both surfaces of the cut is equally large, flat and smooth. The upper part of the pupil cuts a short, inclined cut over the third bud down the kidney.

3 Method: The grooves pinch to the bottom of the long and narrow groove. When new shoots are growing on them with a length of 5-10 cm, they fall asleep the earth in the form of a holloch. In summer, the soil is being plugged several times. In the fall, the branch is cut off from the uterine bush and cut into parts by the number of shoots formed.

Air chains

This is also one of the old methods of vegetative reproduction. He was known in China for another 4000 years ago, so it is called Chinese. The method is as follows.

Pupils attach the prepared bolt to the base at the crucible place, so that the sections are covered and cling to each other. Pupils connect the grille and the base with the luban or transparent plastic tape and finish the node. The bark and the upper cutting surface of the lattice shake the grape wax. Vaccination for the vaccination of feeding filling the final estimate. Fill the cardboard box about halfway through plaster mixed with water. While the stucco is still soft, place about 50 dry peas or legumes seeds in the rows.

Place the following layer of plaster on the seeds until the box is filled. After the gypsum hardens, remove the box using a digital camera to create a photo of a gypsum casting that you put on the working sheet. Place the gypsum casting into a large water tank. After about 2-3 days, pay attention to the casting changes, create a photo you put on the working sheet. Figure: Gypsum casting photos with dry seeds.

At an altitude of 15-25 cm from the top on the shoot, the ring of the cortex is removed or the longitudinal cuts of the cortex before the wood are taken. It is useful to frozen this part with the Cornstimulator. Then, of the two handful of wet sphagnum make a lump around the processed place, wrapped it with a piece of black polyethylene film, edges grabbing sticky tape. Or put on the prepared part of the stem bag of a light-tight film, which is filled with a humid material - sphagnum, peat, sawdust, etc. Will the substrate does not swing and so that atmospheric moisture does not fall under the film. In warm weather, the roots are formed very quickly. The tanks are cut off from the uterine plant along with the substrate and plant in place - usually do it in autumn.

Detection of seed germination in various environmental conditions 60 pieces of pea seeds, 4 cups of Petri, filter paper, pea seed watershed in 4 groups so that each group was about 15 seeds. Place the filter paper in all four Petri dishes, which will extinguish in two Petri dishes. Place 15 pea seeds on filter paper in Petri dishes. Place the first Petri dish on the moistened filter paper on the windowsill at room temperature. Place the second Petri dish with seeds on the moistened filter paper in the refrigerator.

Spring for melting uses overwhelmed last year's shoots. At the end of the summer you can use semi-respected shoots of the same year. In the latter case, at a distance of 15-30 cm, the leaves are removed from the skewer's top and the above-described manipulations are made. To form the roots you will need the next season. This method is used to reproduce a large number of cultures, including difficult wood crops - apple trees, pears, drain, cherries, and even rhododendrons - at the same time the cornesological varieties are obtained.

Place the third Petri dish with seeds on dry filter paper on the windowsill at room temperature. For one week, see which seed group germinates, i.e. Experimentally check the conditions for germination of plants. Calculate germination of pea seeds in various environmental conditions by the formula. Attach 5 geranium plants, 10 flower pots with a substrate for home plants and 10 pots under these pots. Remove the upper cuttings from parent plants and remove the bottom leaves.

For better rooting, insert the cuttings into the growth stimulator. Attach the prepared pelargonium cuttings to the prepared pots using the substrate so that approximately 2 sheets lay under the substrate surface and poured into the water. Place the flower pots with cropped geraniums in a bright place, water and watch the growth of pelargonium. Task 4: Herbal fruit trees.

Top molds

This technique is used to reproduce blackberries, black-like raspberries and some other plants. In natural conditions, the growing tip of escape is often bent, falls to the ground, it is bold and gives rise to a new plant. In the garden in this way, the gooseberry and black currant on their own way - in winter, the snow bends them some branches, and I do not always manage to put them in a vertical position in a timely manner.

Prepare equally strong apple leopards. Cut the top of the transplant short, oblique section over the third bud down the kidney. Place the prepared grille on the base at the cutting point so that the sections are covered and cling to each other.

Connect the grille and the base using a luban or transparent plastic tape and wrap the node. Nature 2: Zoology, Botany. Practical activity: Growth. Capture in hand is performed on a prepared basis, convenient in the room. City Prague Theme, Interdisciplinary Relationships: Chemistry Biology, Mathematics, Information technologies. Martin Rangl constructivism constructivism offers a presentation of various views and concepts of concepts and their professions. Knowledge is not defined as dogma, but as a goal and purpose.

Usually, in this method, it can be used with a bush only part of the branches, without interfering with the rest of the branches normally grow and fruit. Having burned the intended stem, there is a place on Earth, which touched the painting of escape. Then the soil in this place jumps up and fertilizes, the groove is made to which the stem tops are stacked and pinned. The groove falls asleep with the "head", is compacted, watering and hides from drying. And on three weeks on the surface of the groove, the top of the growing escape will appear. In the fall, the upper part of the rope with roots is cut from the uterine plant and transplanted at a permanent place.

Vertical challenges

This method is used for plants with fragile, poorly rush branches, as well as when a lot of planting material of this variety is required, for example, to obtain special confuses for apple trees or for mass reproduction of currant, etc. Usually for this method, uterine bushes are prepared for this method. At the end of the growing season, the entire ground part of the stems are cut off, leaving a foam height of 2-10 cm. The next spring is, when the shoots have been reached 15 cm long, it is done (for example, a bucket-other fertile soil) so that all the sprouts are under Earth with Head. As further growth continues to gradually dip the stems, until they grow up to a height of 25 cm. The resulting land hill is maintained in a wet state.

In the fall, when the leaves completely fall, the land from the melts is gently shaken. At the base of each escape, the roots are formed by this time. The borne tanks are cut off by a secateur from the parent plant so that no hemp remains, and immediately planted in place.

In the spring, the whole cycle will repeat. You just need to not forget to feed the parent plant with a full fertilizer.

Bal Senich

|| Sowing seeds in the open soil || Seedling || Lawn care || Lawn from seeds || Power || First steps in pruning || Pipher and step-down || Shining || Reproduction with tanks || Root chain || Berry cultures || Miniature fruit trees || Shrubs || Rusy perennials || Bulbs, rhizomes, clubnelukovitsa, tubers || Curly and crawling

And for experts and for beginners, this method will almost certainly provide a set of plants - for the garden and indoor.

It is easier to multiply strawberries by a mustache, until they are separated from the parent plant. As soon as the roots are formed, the mustache can be separated. The bushes of strawberries in a special barrel give a mustache at different heights, so that some pots require a brick stand.

The reproduction of grains is that escape or stem rooted while he is still part of the parent plant. It has an advantage over grinding: less risk that Escape will die before the formation of roots. Preparation for the process is simple, as the subsequent care, so that this reliable way can even apply newcomers. Weeping is a natural method of vegetative reproduction, the invention of nature itself. Blackberry, for example, shoots, drop off to the ground, and their tops are rooted. The branches of some trees, for example, beaks, often give roots at the point of contact with the soil, and Rhododendron will start roots and forms a new escape where his stem becomes contact with the ground.

Why do we need a gag?For reproduction, there are many reasons. First of all, many bushes and trees are very difficult to multiply with cuttings and other ways, and rooting the glasses can be easily. Examples of Rhododendrons, Magnolia, Gamamemis, Camellia, Pieris, Loch and Holly. Strawberries and a number of other plants have a new plant almost impossible to obtain in another way. For this occupation, you need a minimum of equipment and experience, not necessarily artificial heat (except for indoor plants). Not only those plants that are poorly multiplied with cuttings, but almost any shrubs and creeping plants whose stalks can be buried to the ground. The ideal time for this is the growth season, usually from the middle of spring until the end of the summer. Select the young, of this or last season, since old and weird will be rooted very long and reluctantly. From one bush, you can immediately take several shoots.

How it's done.First, you need to prepare the soil around, rustling or breaking it to the depth of 30 cm. Low a bit of large garden sand and a wet sphagnum peat or fibers from a shell coconut. Grind all lumps. Eugene processing: at a distance of 30 cm from the end tear the leaves, leaving a naked stem. Make an oblique incision "tongue" with a length of 5 cm, in about the middle of the stem. Scroll at the site level (at the site attachment). Begin the "tongue", fasten it with a chips or peasant and sprinkle with a hormonal powder stimulating the root formation. The processed part of the stem is now immersed in a 15 cm depth of 15 cm in the prepared soil. Fasten with a piece of wire covered in the shape of a hairpin, and make sure that the incision is still open. The top of the escape is behind the sand, so that it grows up, you need to tie up vertically to a short bamboo backup. Pressed part of the escape Pop the layer of Earth 15 cm and slightly compact. The soil around the propal stem must be kept wet until a good root system is formed.

Graduality.Roots are formed in the place where an incision was made. The stem is not cut until the root system is formed. This process can last up to a year in one shrubs (for example, forsilation) and from one and a half to two years in others. If, lifting the gag, you will find that there are no roots, return it to the previous position and compact the Earth. Carefully raise the tanks in the fall or early spring with small garden forks. If good roots were formed, cut the parent branch slightly above the roots. The rooted glasses should be immediately transplanted to another place in the garden. Either put them on the final place, or, if the place allows, in a smooth bed, where the plant can grow up.

Another way.The assignment of the tops is even easier and is used for blackberry, coumenic, Logano berries (raspberry hybrid with blackberry) and similar hybrid berries with long stems. It is carried out in the middle of the summer, using the stalks (whites) of this season. The soil is prepared in the same way as for ordinary chains. Just insert the end (top) of the scourge of about 8 cm into the soil. If necessary, fasten the wire bracket. You can also roighten the tops of a row of 9 cm deep, with a mixture of peat and sand. Pot plunge to the edge to the ground under the stem. In the late autumn of the same year, cut the tops of the stem (if they were rooted) and transfer somewhere in the garden. The best place is a special emergency bed, where young plants can be grieving.

Air pressure.Stems and branches of some shrubs and trees can not be burned to the ground. They can be multiplied by forming drags in the air. Prepare a young escape, like a simple gag, but keep an open incision, snapped into it a loud moss-sfagnum lump (it can be purchased in a flower shop). Take a larger piece of MCH and wrap to them the prepared part of the stem, securing the polyethylene film. When the roots appear (in one or two years), try not to miss it. Process the roots as already described. Remove the film, and leave the moss to not damage the delicate roots.

Air chains

Air chains are the most convenient way of breeding ficuses. The cuttings are not always taken on, in particular, because they need to be closed at a fairly high temperature, and it is quite difficult to provide.

Carnations for flower.No matter how unexpectedly, it sounds, reproduction with carnations (in open soil) - a more reliable and easy way to reproduction than shilling. This plant is quickly degenerated, so it makes sense to "remove" in two or three years. Best time To do this, the end of summer when flowering stopped. Use the shoots of the current year until they started, each plant you can stick a few shoots. Initially, a manual garden fork slide a little bit around around. Then pour on the treated soil with a layer of artificial substrate for pots (for example, a substrate "John Innes") with a thickness of 5 cm. By choosing the escape without flowers, gently cut the leaves from its base. Then make an abscess 3.5 cm long. Do an incision through the sheet knot. Hormonal powder treatment is not needed.

Join the processed shoots into the ground, fixing on the place of the cooled wire. The incision on the stem must be ajected. Covering this part of the stem layer of an artificial substrate for pots (for example, "John Innes") 5 cm thick. Water the groove; Roots should appear after two months. Cut them from parent plants and leave on the ground for a few days so that they recover from the "shock". Then, forks, remove them and transfer them to the final place in the garden. These new plants will begin to bloom in the middle of the next summer.

Garden strawberry.The garden strawberry breeds creeping stems - mustes, at the ends of which new rabid is formed. Bushes strawberries, like carnations, quickly degenerate, and they should be replaced by young every three years so that the yield does not fall. If the mustache is not needed for reproduction, remove them. Usami reproduction can be carried out at the beginning and middle of summer. Always use for this the first raptice on the shoot, removing the rest. From each bush, you can stay five to six subsidiary plants. Cry the end of the Us to the Earth and secure the wire with a wire align right behind the daughter's chest. It is possible to root directly into the soil or in a shopped pot with a special substrate ("John Innes"). The substrate must be constantly wet. When the plant is well rooted, at the end of the summer or early in autumn, cut them away from the mustache and transfer to the diverse bed. The next summer you can wait for flowering and fruiting.

Houseplants.Reproduction with tanks are used not only for garden, but also for a number of indoor plants. For tree shapes, such as rubcomters, ficuses (Ficus Species), Croton (Codiaeum Variegatum), Philodendrons and Diffenbachia (Dieffenbachia Species), use the method of air regulations. This method is often used when these plants grow too high, and they have to be replaced with smaller samples. This can be done in indoor conditions in spring and summer.

Prepare a stalk with a length of 30 cm from the top, as described above ("how it is done"). The cut forming the tongue is made from the bottom up. Treat the hormonal powder, wrap the cut of moss and from above - polyethylene film. In the heat of the root will appear in a few weeks. Remove the polyethylene (but not moss!) And place the grooves in the pot of suitable size filled with artificial substrate or soil. If you can, for a few weeks, hold young plants in a well heated room. If you want, you can cut the parent plant about half or two thirds. Forming side shoots, it will become more lure and more attractive.

Serpentine clamps creeping plants. Using this method, from one escape in the creeping plants you can get not alone, but several chains. It is suitable for Clematis, Wisteria, Humanities (Lonicera), Jasmine (Jasminum) and grapes. This is a variant of simple reproduction by leaning. Instead of rooting the escape only in one place, a long young escape is cheered in length in several places. Cleving plants can be rooted faster than shrubs - sometimes in just a year. We advise you to mark your chains with chopsticks so that you can find them. Expand the date to know when checking the roots.