Regions of the world. The need and principles of world division into regions

17.07.2020

Answers to exam tickets Intermediate certification by geography, 10th grade

Compiler: S.M. Kitchen

Geography teacher Higher

2014, Bender.

Ticket number 1.

Historical and geographic regions modern Mira

Among the states and territories of the world, natural, economic, ethnic and other differences are observed. In addition, it is difficult to appreciate the entire completeness and the multifacetedness of the public and economic life of the planet in one glance. Therefore, to explore the economic and social geography of the world, more or less homogeneous historical and geographic regions

The largest regions are parts of the world. Within parts of light, smaller regions that have some geographical unity and community of historical fate are distinguished. The most generally accepted in geography is the allocation historical - geographic regions.They are groups of countries united by the similarity of historical development and features of the location.

In Europe, for example, traditionally allocate Western, Central and Eastern Europe. Western European countries for post-war years have been formed in sustainable political unity. Now, Central Europe is a group of countries of the post-socialist transition economy, covering the former socialist countries of Europe and young independent states that were previously republics as part of the USSR Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova). Eastern Europe is the European part of Russia.

Asia is divided into North (Siberia and Far East), East, Southeast, South, South-West (or Middle East) and Central. The territories of South-Western, South and Southeast Asia have long developed and each covers countries that are related to the relevant geographic regions. North Asia includes the Asian part of Russia. Eastern Asia includes territories of Japan, DPRK, Republic of Korea, China, Mongolia, although in terms of physical geography and history of Mongolia and Western China are Central Asia. Currently, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan are also attributed to Central Asia.

In America, Anglo-Saksa (Northern) America (USA and Canada) and Latin America are allocated, which includes countries in mainland South America, Central America and West Indies.

Africa is the countries of the continent of Africa. Australia and Oceania and include mainland Australia and all island states and territories in the Pacific Ocean.

Historical and geographic regions of the world have a different level of internal unity. If Western Europe unites rather homogeneous political and economic relations of the country, then, for example, South-West Asia - today, still a field of political confrontation. Africa is a conglomerate from economically little related countries.

The level of internal unity of the regions is extremely dependent on natural features (the presence of plains, the comfort of climatic conditions, transport accessibility, etc.), and from the generality of historical fate, but the main thing is the level, formation of regional markets, active exchange of goods and resources, workforce A variety of services.

Agriculture of PMR, problems of its development.

The foundation of the Transnistria agriculture, strongly reduced since the USSR, is crop production - grain, grapes, vegetables, sunflower. In 2007, the region suffered from severe drought, losses amounted to about $ 46 million. In the Republic of the year, a decline in animal husbandry is also observed. In general, the contribution of agriculture in Transnistria's GDP in 2007 amounted to 0.76% in price.

Factors of the effects of agriculture Transnistria:

1) high-grade soils and significant agricultural potential favorable for intensive farming and animal husbandry;

2) agricultural traditions of the population and sufficient security of labor resources, allowing the production of labor-intensive types of products;

3) High concentration of the population, providing a significant market for agricultural products produced.

A number of factors limit the development of agriculture and reduces the effectiveness of its effectiveness. The territory of Transnistria refers to the zone of unstable agriculture, due to the insufficient amount of precipitation and the spread of adverse climatic phenomena. The natural feed base of animal husbandry is limited in the region, and the spread of erosion processes reduces soil fertility and the possibility of their use of agricultural production.

The domestic market of the region is filled with imported food, for the purchase of which vast currency funds spend, extremely necessary for the development of its own agrarian-industrial complex. For the activation of agricultural production requires reform of agricultural relations on a village, aimed at increasing the interest of peasants in the results of its labor of the efficiency of the use of land as the main means of production.

Agricultural production in Transnistria is dilated, including grain products, fruits and vegetable and meat-glass subcomplets. The specific peculiarity of Transnistria is the high proportion of agricultural land in the overall structure of the land foundation - they constitute

71%. The crop production is presented by the production of grain (winter wheat, corn on grain, silo, green feed). In the structure of production of grain crops in PMR wheat occupies 57%, barley - 32%, corn on grain - 9%. At low level is the production of sunflower. At the same time, growing potatoes increased significantly. The traditional direction of crop production in the PMR is horticulture and viticulture. Livestock is represented by cattle breeding, pig breeding, poultry farming, the number of horses has increased. The livestock breeding of the republic is in a difficult position: an insufficient feed base does not contribute to the development of animal husbandry in the PMR.

Ticket 2.

1) indicators of assessing the level of socio-economic development of the country. Typology of countries for these indicators.

The most important sign of typology is the level of socio-economic development of the country. It is important to choose the statistical indicators that most accurately reflecting the degree of development of the state - its farm and the standard of living of people. As such a quantitative indicator, a gross domestic product (GDP) is used in socio-economic geography. GDP is the cost of goods and services produced in the country for the year and intended for direct consumption, accumulation or exports. In the typology of countries, it is important to trace the internal differences in the state economy. To do this, analyze the features of the sectoral structure of the economy, which is displayed across the share (%) of individual industries or sectors of the economy in the number of economically active population (EAN) or the country's GDP. GDP per capita - the cost of goods and services produced in the country for the year and intended for direct consumption, accumulation or exports based on per capita (GDP: population)

All states of the world in terms of socio-economic development are divided into three extensive groups - developed, developing and countries with economies in transition.

Economically developed countries of the world- These are states with significant indicators of GDP per capita, predominance in the structure of the services of the services and industrial sectors, high performance and the standard of living of the population, the high duration of his life. This group includes:

· Main capitalist countries (big eight countries): USA, Japan, Germany, France, Italy, United Kingdom

· Economically highly developed small countries in Western Europe: Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, etc.

· Countries of Migrating Capitalism: Canada, Australia, South Africa

· Mid-Economic Development Countries: Spain, Portugal, Greece

Developing countries - This is over 150 states of the world with a colonial past and unequal position in the global economy. They live in them most of the population of the Earth, the agricultural and commodity specialization of the economy, lower standard of living. Examples are: Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, Cyprus, Panama, Afghanistan, Nepal, Haiti.

· Key countries: Brazil, Mexico, India, Argentina

· Countries of externally oriented development: Venezuela, Colombia, Chile, Egypt, etc.

· New Industrial Countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea

· Persian Gulf oil-producing monarchies: Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, UAE

· Factation countries: Costa - Rica, Nicaragua, Jamaica

· Countries - "Lowestators": Cyprus, Malta, Liberia, Panama

· Least developed countries: Afghanistan, Nepal, Bangladesh

Countries with economies in transition - These are the former Socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia, the economy of which developed in the conditions of the administrative and command system (the system of organization of the economy, based on state ownership and factors of production and in the central management of economic activities by the authorities of the state, imposing their solutions to manufacturers and trade organizations) . For example - Poland, Romania, Vietnam.

2) Industry PMR: sectoral composition, development factors.Industry is an important part of the Economy of the PMR. It focuses on ¼ busy in the economy, and their main part falls on the specialization industry - ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, lightweight, food industry, electric power industry.

Electric power industry.There is no own fuel industry in the republic, and the region satisfies its needs for primary energy resources (corner, petroleum products, natural gas) exclusively by imports. Moldavian GRES plays the main role in the electric power industry.

Ferrous metallurgyrepresented by the Moldavian Metallurgical Plant (MMZ) in

g. Rybnitsa, which refers to enterprises of almoral metallurgy. It produces steel and small-core rolled steel, using metal, imported from neighboring countries and regions as a raw material. For the past years, MMZ has gained significant authority and experience with metal consumers in various countries of the world. Its products are supplied to the CIS countries, Europe, Asia and in the United States.

Industry of building materialsit relies on the presence of significant reserves of natural building materials, as well as the high domestic demand for construction products in connection with intensive industrial and civil engineering. Currently, the production of wall stone from limestone is mined in the Grigoropol mine, the sandy-gravel deposits are being developed in Parkans. Cement production has been established in Rybnitsa, the production of bricks in Tiraspol, linoleum and mineral wools are produced in Bender. Basically, the products of the industry are consumed in the republic. Some of its types, such as cement, are exported to foreign countries.

Mechanical engineering of PMRpresented by the electrical industry, the production of technological equipment, metal products and vehicles. The largest enterprises are concentrated in the cities of Tiraspol, Bender, Rybnitsa. The electrical industry is represented by the Machine-Building Plant of Transnistria "Electomash" (Tiraspol), the Bendery Plant "Molducabel", the Bendery Plant "Electro UPA". Rybnitsky pumping plant, factory "Device" (Bender).

Light industry It is one of the most important sectors of specialization of the PMR. It has a complex structure represented by textiles, sewing, knitted and shoe enterprises. The most successfully in the domestic and foreign markets among light industry enterprises has a Tiraspol production cotton association "Tyroteks", which includes spinning, weaving finishing, sewing and knitted production. The most large sewing makes are represented by Tiraspol enterprises "Odea", "Olymp", "Progress" and Bendery sewing firms "Vastra", "Sport", "Bendertex", "Light". The city of Bender is the center of the shoe industry Transnistria. Shoe shoe firms "Floare", "Tigina", "Danaster"

Food industryrepresented by a wide range of food producers located in the cities and rural settlements of the region. Depending on the participation in the interstate division of labor, the food industry can be divided into intra-republican (meat, dairy, bakery, flour-cereal, brewing) and export-oriented

(winemaking, cognac, alcoholic beverage, fruit and complex). The most efficient in the internal and foreign markets employs a Tiraspol wine-brandy plant "Kvint" and the plant "Bouquet of Moldova" (Dubossary).

Ticket number 3.

Ticket number 5.

Population - 25 million people

Composition - 5 states.

The region occupies the northern part of Europe: from the Peninsula of Jutland in the south to the Spitsbergen Archipelago in the north, from the Russian border in Karelia in the east to Island in the West.

Northern Europe occupies a profitable marine geographical position. The sea, the surrounding countries associate them between themselves and the outside world, determine the development of such important industries as fishing, shipping, shipbuilding, oil and gas production on the shelf. Deep cutting of shores (fjords) creates favorable conditions for the placement of ports and shipyards. The coast is the main part of the population and the economy of these states.

Northern Europe includes Scandinavian countries, Finland, Baltic countries. Scandinavian countries are called Sweden and Norway. Given the general historical and cultural peculiarities of development, in Northern Europe countries also include Denmark and Iceland.
Under the Baltic countries understand Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia. Often in popular science literature you can meet the concept of "phenoscandia", which has a more physical and geographical origin. It is convenient for them to use the economic characteristics of the Group of Northern Europe, including Finland, Sweden, Norway.
Northern Europe occupies a territory of 1433 thousand km 2, which is 16.8% of the European Square - the third place among Economic and Geographic Macroregions of Europe, after Eastern and Southern Europe. Large in Square - Sweden (449.9 thousand km 2), Finland (338.1 km 2) and Norway (323, 9 thousand km 2), which occupy more than three-quarters of the Macro Region. Small countries include Denmark (43.1 thousand km 2), as well as the Baltic countries: Estonia - 45.2, Latvia - 64.6 and Lithuania - 65.3 thousand km 2. Iceland in the area of \u200b\u200bthe smallest of all countries of the first group and almost twice the area of \u200b\u200bany single small country. The territory of Northern Europe consists of two subregions: Fenoscandia and the Baltic States. The first subregion includes states such as Finland, the Scandinavian Group, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, together with the islands of the northern part of the Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. In particular, the Faroe Islands and Island of Greenland, which enjoys internal autonomy, and in Norway owns Spitsbergen Archipelago. Most of the northern countries are approximate by the similarity of languages \u200b\u200band characterize historical features development and natural geographical integrity.
In the second subregion (Baltic countries) include Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, which, due to their geographical position, have always been north. However, they could really be attributed to the Northern Macroregion only in the new geopolitical situation in the early 90s of the XX century, that is, after the collapse of the USSR.
Economy - the geographical position of Northern Europe is characterized by the following features:

first, a favorable position regarding the intersection of important air and sea routes from Europe to North America, as well as the convenience of the exit of the countries of the region to international waters Ocean,

secondly, the closeness of the location to the highly developed countries of Western Europe (Germany, Holland Belgium, United Kingdom, France),

third, the neighborhood in the southern borders with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, in particular Poland, in which market relations are successfully developing,

fourth, land neighborhood with Russian Federation, the economic contacts of which to facilitate the formation of promising markets for the sale of products;

on the fifth, the presence of territories outside the polar circle (35% of Norway Square, 38% - Sweden, 47% - Finland). Among other geographical features - 1) the presence of warm-alone golfustrim, which has a direct impact on the climate and economic activity of all Macro Region countries; 2) a significant length of the coastline passing along the Baltic, Northern, Norwegian and Barents Seas, 3) as well as predominantly platform structure ground surface, the most expressive territory, which is the Baltic Shield. In its crystalline rocks there are useful fossils of predominantly magmatic origin.
According to the State Device of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, constitutional monarchies, the rest of the countries of the Region - Republic. According to the administrative, territorial structure of the Northern Europe countries are unitary states.

The region has large deposits of iron ores, non-ferrous metals, coal, uranium ores, oil and gas. The climate of Northern Europe is moderate, marine with increasing continentality to the east. Numerous rivers and lakes are used to develop energy and fisheries. Soil is not good. With intensive land reclamation, give good crops of grain, technical and feed crops. The most important natural wealth of the region are huge arrays of coniferous forests. Sawing nature attracts numerous tourists - ecological, arctic, agricultural, sports, cultural tourism.

Population: North of Europe is the most weakly-plated region of the continent. All countries are one-way regions. Most of the population profess Protestantism. Natural growth in the region averages

4-5%. The average life expectancy is 80 years. The overwhelming majority in the country of women and the high proportion of pensioners. The average size of GDP per capita exceeds 30 thousand dollars. The population of the country is posted extremely unevenly. The average density is 35 people per 1 sq. M. km. Northern Europe is a highly urbanized region (more than 80%, with the exception of Finland).

The economies of North European countries are significantly inferior on the scale and diversity of the sectoral structure to the leading economies of Europe. However, they occupy the main position in the production of a narrow circle of high-quality products. The industry is represented by oil and natural gas production on the Northern Sea shelf, iron ore in Lapland, electric power industry (mainly hydropower in Norway and Sweden, geothermal in Iceland); Black and non-ferrous metallurgy (especially the smelting of high-quality types of steel and aluminum); diverse mechanical engineering (metalworking, general, transport, electrical engineering); chemical industry; woodworking and pulp - paper industry; Easy and food (meat, brewing, fish and oilfrodic), printing industry. The main industrial centers are the capital of the countries.

In agriculture, high-discovered farms and cooperatives play a major role in agriculture. In the structure of the agricultural sector of the economy, animal husbandry is sharply dominated. Crop production specializes in the cultivation of forage herbs, grain crops, potatoes, sugar and feed beets.

The transport complex of the North European countries is well developed, but is characterized by a smaller delicate of ways than in other parts of Europe. In cargo transportation leads railway transport. They have exits to non-freezing ports of the North Atlantic. Automobile transport provides an overwhelming part of passenger traffic. For external connections, marine and aviation transport plays a leading role.

In the international division of Labor, Northern Europe is represented by a relatively narrow sector of raw materials and finished goods. The countries of the region export gas and petroleum products gas, iron ore, steel, rolling, aluminum various vehicles, machines, electronics, weapons and chemicals, as well as food and woodworking.

Ticket 6.

Ticket number 7.

Composition - 8 states.

Southern Europe is one of the peculiar regions of the globe located in the south of this part of the world. The South Europe area is -1.03 million square meters. km. In South Europe, as a rule, include:

Countries on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea - the country of the Pyrenean Peninsula (Portugal, Spain, Andorra), Monaco;

States located on the Apennine Peninsula (Italy, Vatican, San Marino), Greece,

Island states - Malta and Cyprus.

(Sometimes in Southern Europe also includes Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the southern regions of Ukraine (primarily Crimea, as well as Odessa, Kherson, Nikolaev, sometimes the Zaporizhia region) and the European part of Turkey). Five of the eight states of the region (Italy, Greece, Portugal, Malta, San Marino) are republics. Spain and Andorra are constitutional monarchies, the Vatican is an absolute theocratic monarchy.

Southern Europe countries border with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria. Turkey in the East with Syria, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Armenia, Iran, Georgia. Relief I. coastline Strongly dissected. Most of the region are occupied by mountains separating South European countries. The region is a cradle of European civilization.

Nature Southern Europe is almost entirely in the zone of severe evergreen forests and shrubs, which has survived only on the Mediterranean coast. Southern Europe is known for its hot climate, rich in history and warm waters of the Mediterranean Sea.: Fauna: roofing, servals, vintage goats, foxes, varana, wolves, badgers, raccoons. Flora: strawberry trees, stone oaks, peace, olives, grapes, citrus, magnolia, cypresses, chestnuts, juniper .. In all countries of Southern Europe, the subtropical Mediterranean climate prevails, so in the summer the warm temperatures are dominated by +24 ° C, and the winter is quite cool , about + 8c. The precipitation falls enough, about 1000-1500 mm per year. Water resources Region is scubon. In South European countries, the river network is developed weakly, the rivers are small, with large seasons and are extremely important in irrigation and water supply of the population and industry.

Natural resources and conditions of southern Europe are diverse. The only extensive lowland is the Padan Plain in Italy. Mountains of southern Europe are young, so the process of mountain formation continues and accompanied by frequent earthquakes and vulcanism. Among the minerals, deposits of various ores of non-ferrous metals and building materials are distinguished. Fuel resources of the region are scuba. Many deposits were developed for thousands of years and today practically developed.

Population.All nations of the countries of Southern Europe passed a long way of formation.

High population density, from 100 or more people on 1 km². The prevailing religion is Christianity (Catholicism). The region prevails the narrowed type of population reproduction - natural decrease is up to 1%. The birth rate has decreased recently, the cult of large families, social egoism has increased. The average life expectancy is high and reaches 78 years. In the countries of Southern Europe, the process of "aging nations" is growing. The average population density in the largest countries of the region is 150-200 people. 1 km². The population is placed unevenly. The seaside plains and valleys of rivers are most closely populated. Here the population density exceeds 400 people. 1 km². The cities live 2/3 of the population of the countries of the region. The largest cities are Rome, Milan, Naples, Turin, Madrid, Barcelona, \u200b\u200bAthens.

Economy.Although the countries of Southern Europe refer to the group of highly developed states, most of them are significantly lagging behind in many economic indicators from Western and Northern Europe. The processing industry and services are dominated in the economy.

The economy of South European countries to a large extent depends on foreign capital, in particular, the American. Especially sensitively on the economy of the region affects the complete absence of its oil, but a set of minerals is quite large for the development of the economy of countries. For mining mercury ore (cynosar), asbestos, pyrite, natural corundum, marble, bauxite, polymetals, uranium ore, South Europe antimony is ahead of many regions of the world.

The source of energy in these countries is the turbulent mountain rivers, mainly the Alps and Pyrenees, geothermal sources, also fuel and natural gas from African countries. The ferrous metallurgy of Southern Europe countries depends on imports of iron ore and coking coal, industry centers are located in port cities. Most countries are common mining, agriculture, mining and pasture animal husbandry, production of machinery and instruments, tissues, leather, grape and citrus cultivation. Tourism is very common. Spain ranks second in the world of tourism (France ranks first). The main branch of specialization, in addition to international tourism, is agriculture, in particular, this area is rich in grapes, olives, rather high rates in the cultivation of grain and grainbobov (Spain - 22.6 million tons, Italy - 20.8 million tons), and Also vegetables and fruits (Spain - 11.5 million tons, Italy - 14.5 million tons.). Despite the predominance of agriculture, there are also industrial zones, in particular, Genoa city, Turin and Milan are the main industrial cities in Italy. It should be noted that they are located mainly in the north, closer to the countries of Western Europe.

Among the industries of the manufacturing industry, a variety of engineering, chemical, light and food industries are highlighted. The region's agriculture is high intensity. Among land users dominate large commodity farms and cooperatives. Livestock development is limited by the scarcity of the feed base. Crop production specializes in the cultivation of grain, grapes, olives, citrus, vegetables.
Transport does not so much binds the countries of the region among themselves as it ensures their exits to other Western European countries, North Africa and the Middle East. Domestic transportation is mainly maintained by road and rail transport, and external - sea and aviation. The network of transcontinental pipelines crossing the Mediterranean Sea and binding the oil and gas field of North Africa and the Middle East with the states of the region is developing. In world trade, South Europe specializes in the products of mechanical engineering, chemical, easy, food industry. Tourism is allocated among international services.

Ticket number 8.

Composition - 17 states.

Central and Eastern Europe - former Socialist states of Europe.

Countries of Central and Eastern Europe include countries located east of Germany and the South Baltic Sea to borders with Greece: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, East of Germany (former German Democratic Republic) Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia, Croatia , Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, Montenegro, Macedonia, Bulgaria. The main features of EGP - the situation on the Western borders of Russia, the border with the developed states of Europe, the direct yield of Poland, Ukraine and the Baltic countries to the seas. Through this region there are transport highways connecting Russia with the countries of Western and Southern Europe, which favors to widely European cooperation. Countries are compact in relation to each other.

Central Eastern Europe (CEE) occupies a profitable economic and geographical position. The region is located at the junction of Western and Eastern Europe. In the north it is washed by the water of the Baltic, and the south is the Mediterranean seas.

The area is -1.3 million km 2.

The climate is moderately continental. The countries located north of the Carpathians have more wet, but less warm and sunny climatic conditions than Balkan states. For the countries of the northern part of the region, frequent floods are characterized, and for the southern part of the region-zasuhi.

The region has a thick river network. Exceptional importance for the life of the peoples of the CEE has the largest river Danube. Its water is intensively used for the needs of irrigation, industry, municipal water supply, transport, recreation. In countries located south of the Carpathians, highly hydrochildren are dominated, requiring artificial irrigation. In the mountainous regions of the region, coniferous and beech forests are growing, which have an industrial value. Among the recreational resources of CEE, the sea coast is highlighted, highland carpathian resorts.

Natural conditions and resources.

The natural resource potential, the history of the development and formation of the economy led to internal differences in environmental management, which was entrenched in the specialization of the countries of the region in the global market.

The relief of the region is complex. High mountains and extensive plains are located on its territory. A variety of relief determines the diversity of mineral resources.

The mineral resource base of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe is represented by fuel and energy resources: stone coal - Poland (Uphnezesky), Czech Republic (Ostrava-Karvinsky), Ukraine (Donetsk and Lviv-Volyn pools), Russia (Pechora), Burym Coal (Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Slovakia, Hungary), oil and gas, combustible shale and peat. Rudny resources of this region include iron ores of Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine, Russia; Zinc, Copper - Poland, Slovakia, Bauxites - Hungary, Manganese - Ukraine; And non-metallic resources are represented by potash salts - Poland, Ukraine, Russia, Belarus; Stone Saltu - Belarus, Ukraine, Russia; natural gray - Poland, Ukraine; phosphorites - Estonia, Ukraine, Belarus; Amber - Baltic countries.

Population: In the countries of the region, the narrowed type of population reproduction prevails. Natural loss is up to 1%, which is explained by higher mortality. Life expectancy is significantly less than in other parts of the European continent, on average, 74 years. In some countries, the process of "aging nations" is growing.

For CEE countries, it is characterized by an exceptional ethnic, language and religious distrut. Peoples speak Slavic, Romanesque, Finno - Ugrics. The population of the northern part of the region is preferably Catholicism and Protestantism, and the southern part of Orthodoxy and Islam. The average population density in the largest countries of the region is about 100 people. 1 km 2. The population is placed - unevenly, the most closely populated valleys of large rivers, seaside plains and intermountain basins. Here the density is 400 people. 1 km 2

In terms of urbanization, CEE significantly lags behind other European regions - 2/3 of the population lives in cities. The rural settlement is mainly represented by large villages, and in the north of Poland and the Baltic countries are dominated by the farm.

The economic and geographical location of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe can be assessed as very favorable. It has a great influence on the placement of production in them, favors the development of economic integration and the creation of border free economic zones.

CEE countries belong to the group of countries with economies in transition, but in many economic indicators they lag behind most of the other countries in Europe, although they completed the transition to market mechanisms. The level of welfare of residents of the states of the region is relatively lower than the standard of living of the population of the rest of the continent. Annual GDP per capita ranges from 4 to 12 thousand dollars a year.

Countries of Central and Eastern Europe are rich in cultural and historical attractions. They are famous for not only the capital and major cities, but also many small towns of the region declared by museum cities.

Industry: diverse engineering (production of means of transport, agricultural machinery, machine tools, industrial equipment, household electrical engineering and electronics); Chemical industry (production of agrochemistry products, explosives, synthetic resins, plastics, dyes, household chemicals, pharmaceuticals, perfumes and cosmetics); Easy (textiles, ready-made clothes, shoes); Food (dairy and meat, fruit and vegetable canned food, wines, sugar, tobacco).

The village of the region is distinguished by relatively smaller intensity and marketability than in other regions of Europe. Among land users are farms, cooperatives and small peasant farms. Cereals (wheat, rye, oats), sugar beets, potatoes, flax, feed herbs prevail in crop production. Balkan countries specialize in wheat growing, corn, sunflower, grapes, vegetables, fruits, tobacco, ethereal-oil crops. From branches of animal husbandry allocate: meat and dairy cattle breeding, pig breeding, sheep, poultry farming.

Transport serves not only regional cargo and passenger transportation, but also transit flows from the CIS countries and the Middle East to Western European countries. Domestic transportation is carried out mainly by road and rail transport, and external - sea and aviation transport. Significant role is played by shipping on the Danube, oil and gas pipelines from Russia to Germany and Italy. Large transport hubs - Budapest, Prague, Belgrade, Bucharest, Warsaw.

In world trade, the region specializes in the products of mechanical engineering, chemical, lightweight, food industry. Among the international services of the region, tourism, transport transit, education, science are allocated.

Ticket number 9.

Composition - 17 states

The region is located on three continents: Asia, Europe and Africa. On this territory there are 17 independent states: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, UAE, Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Yemen, Cyprus. Most countries in the region - republic; The countries of the Arabian Peninsula mainly have the monarchical form of the state device. For all countries of the Uza (except UAE), unitary administrative and territorial division is characterized.

South-West Asia includes Malaya Asia Peninsula, Iranian and Armenian Highlands, Mesopotamia, Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus Island, as well as a number of small islands of the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea.

Two climatic belts are pronounced on the plains: tropical and subtropical; In the mountains, with a pronounced high-rise explanancy - the climate is sharply continental.

P. 10

Remember

Question 1. What is the region?

Answer. Region (Lat. Regio Country, Area) - The term used to designate the sushi or water site, which can be separated from another site (for example, inside which it is located) for a number of criteria.

The region, like the country is a multi-valued term. It can designate various entities in different industries, and within the same industry can be interpreted differently.

Accordingly, if we talk about the classification of regions, you can select "geographical, political, socio-economic, environmental, information, civilizational and other approaches." In general, scientists subdivide regions into two large groups: homogeneous and functional.

Also, the "region" is used in the meaning of the territorial unit of the state. In Russia - as the common name of the subject of the federation. Each region has a unique geographical position.

Question 2. What are the types of regions?

Answer. In economic literature, regulatory documents for the homogeneity of distinctive signs of the regions are divided into groups.

1. Regions of the world. They are determined by geographical (Europe, Asia, etc.), economic (alliances or other forms of cooperation of states located on one or several continents of the world) and other principles and approaches.

2. Parts of the surface of the globe, continent or state allocated by climatic or relief landscape signs (north, south, flat or mountainous terrain, with a large or small amount of precipitation, wooded or steppe territory, small or large quantities, etc. .).

3. Administrative-territorial units of the country (region, district, county, flax, voivodship, etc.).

4. Regions allocated on the basis of the degree of development of the productive forces and their structures (with the developed industry or another industry of the national economy, with a large specific weighing of public or private property, etc.).

5. Regions allocated taking into account the socio-demographic situation with a higher index of human development, with a better security of social infrastructure, with a large specific weight of older residents, etc.

6. Regions allocated due to special, as a rule, less favorable, living conditions and production and economic activities.

7. Special administrative and economic formations to ensure more efficient activities of the national economy of the country and individual territorial entities in the conditions of market relations.

What do you think

Question. Why did the need to create the United Nations?

Answer. The United Nations is an international organization established to maintain and strengthen international peace and security, development of cooperation between states. The foundations of its activities and the structure were developed during World War II leading participants in the anti-Hitler coalition.

The United Nations predecessor was the League of Nations, the organization, conceived with similar circumstances during the First World War and established in 1919 in accordance with the Versailles Agreement "for the development of cooperation between nations and to ensure peace and security." With the beginning of World War II, the League of Nations actually ceased to function.

There was a need to create a new international organization aimed at ensuring the "world order".

The name of the United Nation proposed by the President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt was first used in the Declaration of the United Nations on January 1, 1942, when, during World War II, representatives of 26 states pledged on behalf of their governments to continue the joint struggle against the axis countries.

When the United Nations was created, in the first line of the preamble of the UN Charter, it was enshrined that "we, the peoples of the United Nations, in a complete determination to save the upcoming generations from the disasters of war, twice in our lives that brought by humanity inexpressible grief, strive to reiterate faith in basic rights and human freedom. "

Check knowledge

Question 1. What is the region?

Answer. In geography, the region (from the Eng. Region) is called the territory allocated by any sign - a certain territory with the integrity and interconnection of its component elements. Also used in the meaning of the territorial unit of the state; In Russia as the general name of the subject of the Federation.

There are several interpretations of determination region. Moreover, the region does not always act as a territorial unit of state.

As part of the geographical interpretation, the region defines as a region, a large land of sushi, part of the earth's surface with special physico-geographical parameters, a geographical unit defined by geographic overgrowes.

The economic interpretation implies a part of the territory where there is a communication system between economic entities, the subsystem of the entire socio-economic complex of the country, a complex territorial and economic complex with its own structure with an external and internal environment.

The socio-political interpretation of the region shows the region as a socio-territorial community, that is, the aggregates of social, economic, political factors for the development of the territory. This includes a whole set of features such as: ethnic composition of the population, labor resources, social infrastructure, social and psychological climate, political aspects of the development of the region, cultural factors, etc.

Question 2. What are the historical and geographical regions of the world?

Answer. Historical and geographic regions are territories formed due to the community of historical development of peoples living within their limits. The generality of the geographical position leads to the emergence of general features of the historical development, the national and religious composition of the population of the countries that form this region. It is important to remember that historical and geographic regions are not created, they develop historically.

The names of the two regions of the planet are known to everyone since childhood: Europe and Asia, which make up the mainland of Eurasia. Thus, the largest regions are parts of the world. Within parts of light, smaller regions that have some geographical unity and community of historical fate are distinguished.

So, foreign Europe is traditionally divided into Western, Central and Eastern. Western European countries for post-war years have been formed in sustainable political unity. At the same time in the most Western Europe You can allocate north, secondary and southern Europe. Central, or Eastern, Europe is a group of former socialist countries, according to the modern classification of countries related to countries with economies in transition.

Foreign Asia is customary to be divided into southwestern, southern, southeast, oriental and central. The South-West Asia region is located between the Arabian and Mediterranean seas. South Asia form India and the country adjacent to it. Southeast Asia covers countries that are indocipious to the Peninsula. Central Asia includes countries that do not have access to any of the washing mainland oceans: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. East Asia includes territories of Japan, DPRK, Republic of Korea, China, Mongolia.

In America, Anglo-Americah (USA and Canada) and Latin America are distinguished. In turn, Latin America includes countries of continent South America, Central America and West Indies. Africa is divided into north, western, central, eastern and southern.

And the last region - Australia and Oceania, to which the mainland of Australia and all island states and territories in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 3. What are the types of international organizations?

Answer. When classifying international organizations, various criteria can be applied.

1. By the nature of the members in them, you can allocate:

1.1. Interstate (intergovernmental) participants are states

1.2. Non-governmental organizations - unite public and professional national organizations, individuals, such as the International Red Cross, Inter-Parliamentary Union, Association of International Law, and others.

2. As a circle of members, international organizations are divided into:

2.1. Universal (World), open to all states of the world (United Nations (United Nations), United Nations Education, Science and Culture (UNESCO), World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations of the UN system (its specialized agencies), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Civil Defense Organization, etc.),

2.2. Regional members of which can be the state of one region (the organization of African Unity, the European Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States).

3. We can say objects:

3.1. On organizations of general competence (UN, the organization of African Unity, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Organization for Safety and Cooperation in Europe)

3.2. Special (International Labor Organization, World Postal Union). Political, economic, social, cultural, scientific and other organizations are also distinguished.

Question 4. What is the name of an international organization that unites about 200 sovereign countries in the world?

Answer. The largest international association of states - United Nations (UN), whose members are almost all independent states of the world (about 200). Created immediately at the end of the Second World War, this organization announced its intention to maintain and strengthen international peace and security, the development of cooperation between states.

Question 5. What is the name of an environmental non-governmental organization?

Answer. Greenpeace (Green Mir) is an international non-governmental organization established in 1971 in order to preserve the Earth's natural environment from destruction. Main objectives: attracting a general public to security issues ambient. It is contained on the tools from private sources, has a department in Moscow.

And now more complex questions

Question 1. What is the difference between non-governmental organizations from government?

Answer. The difference between government and non-governmental organizations lies in their legal basis. Intergovernmental organizations are established by the subjects of international law, non-governmental - subjects of national law.

Non-governmental organizations are an organization established by private individuals and / or other public (non-commercial) organizations without the participation of official (governmental) institutions and carrying out their activities on the basis of the Charter and on its own funds.

Question 2. Commonwealth of independent states is a region or international organization? Why?

Answer. Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) - the Regional International Organization (International Treaty), designed to regulate the relations of cooperation between countries previously part of the USSR. The CIS is not a supreme education and operates on a voluntary basis.

Azerbaijan

Belorussia

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Moldova

Tajikistan

Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

Question 3. Why is the number of regions in different parts of the light of the unenochnakovo?

Answer. This is caused by a number of interconnected factors: natural, historical, demographic and socio-economic.

Natural. We defined in the settlement of people before the transition of humanity to farming and animal husbandry. Of the most important here you can allocate absolute height, relief, climate, availability water objects, Natural zonality as an integrated factor.

Historical. Historically, most of the population lives in Asia. Currently, in this part of the world there are more than 3.8 billion people (2003), which is over 60.6% of the population of our planet. Almost equal to the population of America and Africa (approximately 860 million people, or 13.7%), are significantly lagging behind the rest of Australia with Oceania (32 million people, 0.5% of the population number of the world.

Demographic. In Asia, mostly there are most countries that have the greatest population. Among them, this indicator has long been the leader of China (1289 million. Man, 2003), then India (1069 million people), USA (291.5 million years), Indonesia (220.5 million people .). The population of over 100 million people have seven other states: Brazil (176.5 million people), Pakistan (149.1 million people), Bangladesh (146.7 million people), Russia (144.5 million . people), Nigeria (133.8 million years.), Japan (127.5 million people) and Mexico (104.9 million people). At the same time, the population of Grenada, Dominica, Tonga, Kiribati, Marshall Islands was only 0.1 million people.

Socio-economic. These factors are directly related to the development of human civilization and their influence on the placement of the population intensified as the productive forces. Despite the fact that human society will never fully acquire independence from nature, currently the factors relating to this group are determining the formation of the Earth settlement system. These include the development of new territories, development natural resources, construction of various business objects, population migration, etc.

Question 4. What is the purpose of creating economic international organizations?

Answer. International economic organizations are associations of states or their individual governing bodies aimed at cooperation in the field of trade, finance and economic activity. These structures can be classified based on the various signs of their activities. In terms of territorial coverage, international economic organizations share worldwide and regional. Example of the World Organization - International Chamber of Commerce, and Regional - ASEAN (Southeast Asia).

The main objectives of international economic organizations are to promote the development of the economy of their members, as well as the unification of the general standards for regulating relations. Solutions of one of them are mandatory for members, and others are a recommendation. Currently, there is a fairly branched system of international economic organizations. These structures actively interact with each other, affecting both the global economy and politics.

Question 5. Why can one country be part of various international organizations?

Answer. One country can be part of various organizations, since the objectives of organizations are different. Entry into organizations is expanding integration connections with other states. This allows you to solve security issues, access to international markets, provides transport corridors, etc.

From theory to practice

Question 1. Make a scheme for the classification of historical and geographic regions of the world.

Question 2. List on the contour card, the historical and geographic regions of the world listed in the text of the paragraph.

Question 3. Using additional sources of information, make a list of countries that are part of the EU, NATO. Write down those states that are simultaneously participants in both international organizations.

Question 4. Determine the cities in which the headquarters of the international organizations listed in the text of the paragraph are located. To perform work, use the official sites of these organizations. The results of the work place in the form of a table.

Final tasks on the section of the section (tasks are performed in the notebook)

1. The territorial waters are

A - 12-mile zone

2. The second title of the colonial stage of the formation of a political card is

B - medieval

3. What stage of the formation of a political card includes the formation and disintegration of the USSR?

G - newest

4. Which of the listed countries is part of Western Europe?

A - Netherlands

5. UN headquarters is located in

In NYC

6. Choose the countries of the world appearing on the political map in the XXI century. Answer write in the form of a sequence of letters in alphabetical order.

B, D, E - East Timor, South Sudan, Abkhazia

7. Which of the listed countries are part of Latin America? Answer write in the form of a sequence of letters in alphabetical order.

A, B, M - Argentina, Paraguay, Chile

8. Put the regions of the world in the order of increasing the number of countries that are part of them, starting from the region with the smallest value of the specified indicator.

B, B, G, A, D - Africa, Asia, America, Europe, Australia and Fetal

9. Install the correspondence between the region and the state entering its composition.

1-b, 2-g, 3-in, 4-a

10. Install the correspondence between the abbreviation of the international government organization and its full name.

1-B, 2-g, 3-A, 4-b.

Source: resheba.com.

Region Europe The area of \u200b\u200bEurope is 9, 7 million km 2. Population of Europe 827.3 million people. 4 zones are distinguished: Northern Europe, Central, South and Eastern Europe. European regions are economically homogeneous, excluding Eastern Europe, which was included in the zone of influence of the USSR. With the collapse of the USSR, most European countries joined a large union, which is known as the EU. The European region is known in the world sustainable political unity. Mostly in Europe, Christianity is common due to what, clothes, food holidays and European rituals are almost no different.

Asia- The largest area (more than 44 million km 2) and the population (more than 3.6 billion people) part of the world. In Asia, 50 states, and 1 independent territory. Ancient civilizations arose in Asia, the main world religions - Buddhism, Christianity, Islam originated in Asia. The first ancient cities arose in Asia.

Asia is divided into 6 regions. North Asia includes the Asian part of Russia. South-West Asia - includes all countries in the territory of the Arabian Peninsula, the Republic of Transcaucasia, Turkey, Cyprus, Iran and Afghanistan (20 states). South Asia - includes 7 states, the largest of which are India and Pakistan. Southeast Asia is 11 states, ten of which are developing (everything except Singapore). East Asia - includes only five powers (China, Mongolia, Japan, Korea South and DPRK). Central Asia is five post-Soviet republics (Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan). The economy of Asian states is significantly different in terms of competitiveness in the global market. For example: it is impossible to oppose the economy of the DPRK and the economy of Japan.

In Americaanglo-America (USA and Canada) and Latin America are distinguished, which includes countries in mainland South America, Central America and West Indies. The continents have mastered 500 years ago. During this time, Anglo-America was embarrassed into the leading. The population of Latin America is a motley picture of worlds, a variety of economies and religions.

Africa - These are 5 regions, sharply different from each other, the level of living, economic orientation and ethnic history. North Africa covers the territory of Arab Maghreb. The main population refers to the Europeanoids. The territories are rich in oil and gas, which contributed to the rapid integration of the economy of these countries into the global economic space. The remaining regions Western, Central, Eastern and South Africa are generally homogeneous in the composition of the population, lifestyle and organization of economic activity. An exception is South Africa. This state is part of the category of developed countries.

To Australia and Oceania The mainland of Australia and all island states and territories in the Pacific Ocean are. Australia and New Zealand belong to world developed countries, the rest of the states relate to most countries with an average level of wealth.
Historical and geographic regions of the world have a different level of internal unity. If Western Europe unites rather homogeneous political and economic relations of the country, then, for example, South-West Asia - today, still a field of political confrontation. Africa is an alliance of economically little related countries.
The level of internal unity of the regions is extremely dependent on natural features (the presence of plains, the comfort of climatic conditions, transport accessibility, etc.), and from the generality of historical fate, but the main thing is the level, formation of regional markets, active exchange of goods and resources, workforce A variety of services.

Detailed decision Paragraph 28 in geography for grade 10 students, authors E.M. Domogatsky, N.I. Alekseevsky A basic level of 2016

P. 10

Remember

Question 1. What is the region?

The region, like the country is a multi-valued term. It can designate various entities in different industries, and within the same industry can be interpreted differently.

Also, the "region" is used in the meaning of the territorial unit of the state. In Russia - as the common name of the subject of the federation. Each region has a unique geographical position.

Question 2. What are the types of regions?

Answer. In economic literature, regulatory documents for the homogeneity of distinctive signs of the regions are divided into groups.

3. Administrative-territorial units of the country (region, district, county, flax, voivodship, etc.).

6. Regions allocated due to special, as a rule, less favorable, living conditions and production and economic activities.

7. Special administrative and economic formations to ensure more efficient activities of the national economy of the country and individual territorial entities in the conditions of market relations.

What do you think

Question. Why did the need to create the United Nations?

There was a need to create a new international organization aimed at ensuring the "world order".

When the United Nations was created, in the first line of the preamble of the UN Charter, it was enshrined that "we, the peoples of the United Nations, in a complete determination to save the upcoming generations from the disasters of war, twice in our lives, which brought in humanity, inseparable mountains, strive to reiterate faith in basic rights and freedom of man. "

Check knowledge

Question 1. What is the region?

There are several interpretations of determination region. Moreover, the region does not always act as a territorial unit of state.

Question 2. What are the historical and geographical regions of the world?

So, foreign Europe is traditionally divided into Western, Central and Eastern. Western European countries for post-war years have been formed in sustainable political unity. At the same time, in the Western Europe itself, you can allocate northern, secondary and southern Europe. Central, or Eastern, Europe is a group of former socialist countries, according to the modern classification of countries related to countries with economies in transition.

And the last region - Australia and Oceania, to which the mainland of Australia and all island states and territories in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 3. What are the types of international organizations?

Answer. When classifying international organizations, various criteria can be applied.

1. By the nature of the members in them, you can allocate:

1.1. Interstate (intergovernmental) participants are states

2. As a circle of members, international organizations are divided into:

2.2. Regional members of which can be the state of one region (the organization of African Unity, the European Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States).

3. We can say objects:

3.1. On organizations of general competence (UN, the organization of African Unity, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Organization for Safety and Cooperation in Europe)

3.2. Special (International Labor Organization, World Postal Union). Political, economic, social, cultural, scientific and other organizations are also distinguished.

Question 4. What is the name of an international organization that unites about 200 sovereign countries in the world?

Question 5. What is the name of an environmental non-governmental organization?

Answer. Greenpeace (Green Mir) is an international non-governmental organization established in 1971 in order to preserve the Earth's natural environment from destruction. Main objectives: attracting a general public to environmental issues. It is contained on the tools from private sources, has a department in Moscow.

And now more complex questions

Question 1. What is the difference between non-governmental organizations from government?

Question 2. Commonwealth of independent states is a region or international organization? Why?

Azerbaijan

Belorussia

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Moldova

Tajikistan

Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

Question 3. Why is the number of regions in different parts of the light of the unenochnakovo?

Answer. This is caused by a number of interconnected factors: natural, historical, demographic and socio-economic.

Natural. We defined in the settlement of people before the transition of humanity to farming and animal husbandry. From the most important here you can select absolute height, relief, climate, the presence of water objects, natural zonality as a complex factor.

Socio-economic. These factors are directly related to the development of human civilization and their influence on the placement of the population intensified as the productive forces. Despite the fact that human society will never fully acquire independence from nature, currently the factors relating to this group are determining the formation of the Earth settlement system. These include the development of new territories, the development of natural resources, the construction of various business objects, population migration, etc.

Question 4. What is the purpose of creating economic international organizations?

Question 5. Why can one country be part of various international organizations?

From theory to practice

Question 1. Make a scheme for the classification of historical and geographic regions of the world.

Question 2. List on the contour card, the historical and geographic regions of the world listed in the text of the paragraph.

Final tasks on the section of the section (tasks are performed in the notebook)

1. The territorial waters are

A - 12-mile zone

2. The second title of the colonial stage of the formation of a political card is

B - medieval

3. What stage of the formation of a political card includes the formation and disintegration of the USSR?

G - newest

4. Which of the listed countries is part of Western Europe?

A - Netherlands

5. UN headquarters is located in

In NYC

6. Choose the countries of the world appearing on the political map in the XXI century. Answer write in the form of a sequence of letters in alphabetical order.

B, D, E - East Timor, South Sudan, Abkhazia

7. Which of the listed countries are part of Latin America? Answer write in the form of a sequence of letters in alphabetical order.

A, B, M - Argentina, Paraguay, Chile

8. Put the regions of the world in the order of increasing the number of countries that are part of them, starting from the region with the smallest value of the specified indicator.

B, B, G, A, D - Africa, Asia, America, Europe, Australia and Fetal

9. Install the correspondence between the region and the state entering its composition.

1-b, 2-g, 3-in, 4-a

10. Install the correspondence between the abbreviation of the international government organization and its full name.

What is the regions of the world? As a general definition, the concept region It implies any territory having one or more general features. Region - Synonym for words district, Area, Continent. Regions are inside each mainland, country, cities. According to which principle, the relationship between countries to one or another region, we will consider in more detail.

Why divide the world?

Planet on which we live are huge and diverse. Its remote parts differ significantly in geographical location, climatic conditions, economic development, historical, religious and cultural signs. Specialist in any question that goes beyond one state is much more convenient to unite regions and countries of the world with the same characteristic features In the same name. The generally accepted names of the regions are known to the wide layers, and everyone who is familiar with geography is clear what is being discussed.

To study geography, dividing the regions is necessary for convenience. There is no need to describe in detail each, separately taken by the country, if the patterns of its development and geophysical conditions are similar to neighboring, especially since the quantitative composition and name of countries over the course of history are constantly changing. Features of the regions is studied separate science - regional studies.

Large regions of the world

The main division is determined by the UN Classification System. The division of the world to the regions was carried out on a territorial basis, according to continents, for the purpose of statistics. It looks like this:

Europe (central, north, southern, oriental and western).
Asia (central, western, southern, oriental and southeast, north).
Africa (Central, North, South, Western, East).
America (Northern or Anglo-America; Central or Caribbean, together with North America, unite in some sources in one region - Latin America; South)
Australia and Oceania (Australia - New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia).

Total 23 regions. This division denotes the regions of the world according to the parameters of the physico-geographical position of its territory, the regions of these areas coincide with the areas of the mainland and islands, have a geographic border.

Historical and cultural zoning

The history of the development of peoples, the formation of their cultural heritage, the established groups of languages \u200b\u200band the adverbs are also diverse on the planet, as well as the climatic living conditions. At the same time, there are countries for which this journey was identical, some states broke up into smaller, and others united into one. The historical and cultural regions of the world are areas in which the features of religion, life, cultural heritage, architecture, customs, the way of doing the economy, and even the main set of food, have similar properties, characterized by this area from others. The boundaries of these regions may coincide with geographic zoning, but not necessarily.

Examples of the regions of the world with common historical and cultural traditions:

North Africa and the Middle East. The territory of the auptors of Islam, which passed caravans of merchants from all parts of the world.
North America - an area in which the original culture of the Aboriginal destroyed almost completely, and its representatives themselves too. The new community from representatives of all continents has fully developed.
Oceania - distant from other civilizations, the peoples of this region created an original culture, not like and not understandable to other peoples.

Ekoregions

Ecological regions of the world, or natural zones, are very extensive territories that are combined with similar landscape, climatic conditions, representatives of flora and fauna. Ecoregions are located on the planet mainly by latitudes, but have a different location and width, depending on the relief and proximity to the ocean. The boundaries of natural regions are mostly not coincided with the boundaries of the powers or historical areas, they are determined by the distribution of warm and cold air and remote from the oceans.

Examples of ecoregions: tropics, equatorial forests, deserts, steppes, taiga, tundra, arctic desert.

Tourist regions

Tourist business also considers in its activities the division of peace to the regions, given the recreational possibilities of the place offered to rest for the tourist: nature; historical and cultural heritage; Environmental, social, infrastructure situation.

The World Tourist Organization (UNWTO) adopted 5 tourist regions in its use, which, in turn, are divided into 14 subregions.

Regions of the world in tourist destinations:

Europe.
Asia and Pacific countries.
America.
Africa.
Near East.

Economic division

Economists share the world in their own way. Economically, the regions differ from geographical, climatic or historical regions. The principle of their division is the level of economic development of the state. According to the UN, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, countries are divided into the degree of development of a market economy, according to the socio-political system, in terms of development.

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Why divide the world?

Large regions of the world

Historical and cultural zoning

Ekoregions

Tourist regions

Economic division

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