Secondary education

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)

Social science

EGE on social studies: deal with the tasks with the teacher

My students, graduates of 2017, who successfully surrendered the EGE on social studies argue that the recommendation on reading the entire text of the work before the start of the tasks gives a good effect when performing work. When reading the work, emotional stress is removed, the brain activity is sent to the analysis of materials and the graduate is included in the productive cognitive activity, leading to high points for the performance of work.

As materials for work we use options According to social science 2017 (early period), published by FIIs in the spring of 2017.

Part 1

Task number 1.

Write down the word missed in the table.

Production factors and factor income

When performing task number 1, it is necessary to carefully look at the table name. In our case, the table is called "production factors and factor income." One of the factors of production is indicated: Entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial abilities) and its factor income is indicated: Profit. Knowledge of the main factors of production: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial abilities of information is inextricably linked with knowledge of factor income as income that the owner receives from the use or application of production factors. Labor - wages, land - rent, capital - percentage, entrepreneurial abilities, information - profits. The table indicates the factor income - the rent, it means that we can safely put this factor of production in the first column as land. The correct answer is land. When preparing a student, it is important to know the complete characteristics of all factors of production.

Task number 2.

In the above, find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts. Write it down word (phrase).

Form of state, form of government, unitary state, federation, republic.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 2, it is always necessary to clearly define the generic concept (the question sounds like a generalizing concept). In our version are: the form of the state as device the political organization of the Company (it is important to remember that this is a certain set of characteristics by which we define the method of organization and device of the state); the form of the board, which is determined by the composition of higher state authorities and the procedure for their formation, as well as in their interaction with the population of the state; Unitary state, which refers to one of the forms of the state-territorial device, as well as the Federation; The republic is one of the forms of government. To my disciples, I always strongly recommend, in Chernivik, immediately, as you begin to fulfill the tasks associated with the "Policy" topic, draw the scheme:

This is important because typical errorwhich graduates allow when conducting trial EGEis associated with mixing concepts. And when the scheme is before the eyes, it will be more complicated to be mistaken.

Accordingly, based on the scheme, it becomes clear that the generic (generalizing concept for all the others here is the form of the state, i.e. its versatile characteristics presented in the options of responses. The remaining concepts reflect these other elements. For example, the form of the Board as part Forms of the state and the Republic, as one of the types of the form of the Board.

The correct answer: the form of the state.

Task number 3.

Below is a list of characteristics. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to elite culture.

1. the complexity of the forms used;
2. the desire of the authors to the embodiment of their own ideas;
3. entertainment;
4. pronounced commercial orientation;
5. spiritual aristocradism;
6. special preparation requirement for understanding.

Find two characteristics, "drop-down" from the total row, and record the numbers in the table under which they are indicated.

When performing task number 3, we draw attention to the concept of question. In this case, this is "elitar culture" and we are asked about the characteristics of this concept. Elite culture is considered in the topic "The Spiritual Society of Society". Generic concept is "culture". In our case, the question is in the plane of the varieties of culture (material, spiritual; folk, mass, elitar). The task shows the features of elite culture: the complexity of the forms used, the desire of the authors to the embodiment of their own ideas, spiritual aristocracy, the requirement of special training for understanding. Well, if all of whether we are ready to perceive the musical works of shnik, the analysis of highly intelligent literary works of Kafki? And what can you say about Roden sculptures? It is clear that this culture is designed for a narrow circle of consumers prepared for the perception of complex works. Elite culture is not looking for commercial benefits, self-expression and search for new forms in art are important for authors.

Two remaining out of our attention Features: Entertainment and pronounced commercial orientation are essential characteristics. mass culture. Therefore, in this case, we note them as true. Because in the task we are asked to remove extra characteristics.

Task number 4.

Choose true judgments about society and social institutions and write down numbersunder which they are indicated.

1. Society is a constantly developing dynamic system.
2. Public progress is characterized by degradation, refund to already extended structures and relationships.
3. In a broad sense, under the Society, they understand the part of the world, which is associated with it, which includes ways of interaction and form of people's association.
4. Social institutions perform the function of human socialization.
5. Society is a closed system that is not interacting with the external environment.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 4, we must detect judgments about society and public institutions. It is not necessary to do without knowing the concepts: "Society" in a wide and narrow sense; societies as a system; "Social Institute" as historically established stable form Organization of joint activities of people, and knowledge of the species of social institutions for the main areas of society.

The first judgment characterizes society as a dynamic developing system - this judgment is true, since it is an axiom of social studies.

The second judgment is incorrect, as the progress, which is one of the areas of social development, is characterized by the development of society from the lowest to the highest. And in judgment, it is indicated: degradation, a refund to the already taught structures and relations, which is the qualitative characteristics of another direction of social development - regression.

The third judgment practically completely reproduces the concept of "society" in a broad sense, which means that it is true. There is not enough "consisting of individuals with consciousness and will."

Fourth judgment is true. In the course of socialization, a person assimilates the experience of previous generations. We know that social institutions establish some samples of behavior for people. This is best confirmed by such a social institution as a family related to the social subsystem of society.

The fifth judgment is not true. Society is a dynamic, open, self-developing system. To society, it is almost impossible to apply the concepts of "closed system", which is not interacting with the external environment. There are no special evidence here. It is enough to recall the concept of society in a broad sense "the associated part of the material world is closely with it.

Thus, the correctness will be correct: 1, 3, 4.

Thematic planning for social science

Task number 5.

Set the correspondence between the characteristics and types of activities: to each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.

Task number 5 refers to the topic "Activities". Types (forms of activity) are considered: game, teaching, work, communication. To perform this task, it is enough to know the characteristics of each type (form of activity). Imaginary atmosphere is characteristic of the game (A 4), the focus on the achievement of almost useful results - to work (a person creates some items that satisfy the needs) (B 2). Focus on the purchase of new knowledge and skills - to the teaching (IN 3). And none of the species (forms) of activity does not do without communication. Therefore, the remaining two characteristics: the process of establishing and developing contacts between people and the focus on the exchange of information reflect the essence of communication (G 1, d 1). It should only be remembered that in the process of communication, people exchange not only information, but also by emotions, influencing each other.

With the seeming ease of tasks, it is important not to hurry, to conduct an internal dialogue with you. Answer the question: why the selected answer is correct, relying on knowledge of concepts.

Task number 6.

Students conducted a study of the motives of school students of junior classes. Find the methods applied by them in the list below that correspond to the empirical level of scientific knowledge. Write down numbersunder which they are indicated.

1. description of the observed phenomena
2. promotion and justification of hypotheses
3. explanation of existing interconnections
4. direct observation of individual facts and phenomena
5. fixation of generalizations in the form of laws
6. getting quantitative data studied object

Answer: ___________________________.

The task number 6 is asked about the empirical level of scientific knowledge and its methods. Immediately mentally appeal to the generic concept - "Science", remember the structure of scientific knowledge, including levels: empirical and theoretical and separating methods related to each level. We remember that the empirical methods include: observation, description, measurement, classification, systematization, i.e. With their help, it is possible to identify the specific properties of the objects studied, in contrast to theoretical level aimed at identifying common trends, laws, etc.

So we found faithful answers: 1, 4, 6

Task number 7.

Choose faithful judgments about economic systems and write down numbersunder which they are indicated.

1. Private property is the basis of a team (planned) economy.
2. In the context of the traditional economy, the main issues of the economy are solved by the central government agencies.
3. The main subjects of market relations are economically independent participants in economic life.
4. The incentive of the activities of enterprises in the conditions of the market system is profit.
5. Signs of market economy include free pricing.

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 7 aims us on the knowledge of the characteristics of economic systems as a method of organizing the economic life of society. Knowledge of the distinctive features of the traditional, team (planned) or command-administrative, market and mixed economic systems are the basic knowledge of a graduate seeking to get a high score on the exam.

So try. Private property is mandatory condition For the existence of a market model of the economic system. We are also talking to the judgment that the command economy. This is not true, also because in the command economy dominates state ownership, as well as the main issues of the economy are solved by the central authorities. So, the second judgment is also not true. The third judgment is true, since in a market economy each owner has the right to freely and independently dispose of its production factors.

The fourth and fifth judgment is also true, since in the conditions of a market economy, freedom of economic activity of individual entities is aimed at making a profit in the context of competition and market mechanisms determine the price.

Right answers: 3, 4, 5.

Task number 8.

Install the correspondence between examples and types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation (in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation): to each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

Task number 8 is associated with the financial literacy of the graduate, namely the knowledge of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The task defines the levels of taxes of taxes: federal, regional and local. When performing this task, it is important to clearly distinguish types of taxes by levels:

Thus, in our task, we again apply the empirical method of ranking: A 3, B 3, in 1, g 3, d 2.

Authors: Vorontsov A.V., Queen G.E., Naumov S.A. The textbook highlights the most important topics of the social science courses: economics, politics and rights. In accordance with modern scientific representations, the authors reveal the features of the market mechanism and the role of the state in the economy, the foundations of political science, the functioning of the state and the development of democracy, the principles of law, the basis of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen.

Task number 9.

Firm Y - Atelier wedding dresses. Find examples of variable costs of the company y in the short term and write down in the list of shutdown numbersunder which they are indicated.

1. costs to repay interest on the previously taken loan
2. costs for the purchase of fabrics, threads, accessories
3. costs to pay piecework wages to employees
4. rent for the premises of the Atelier
5. payment of consumed electricity
6. insurance contributions

Answer: ___________________________.

Making task number 9 requires knowledge of the topic "Firm" and its key concepts: revenue, costs and profits. In the task, it is necessary to clearly indicate the expenses of the company in the short term, in contrast to constant costs.

To perform the task without error, it is also necessary to remember that variable costs change when the production volume changes.

The credit stories of the company will always relate to constant costs, so the first option is not true. But the acquisition of fabrics, threads, accessories belongs to consumables, means to variable costs, as well as payments for the payment of employees, unlike salary, which are constant costs of the company. Rent, insurance premiums are the constant costs of any company. But payment consumedelectricity (depends on the volume of the company's work) - will be variable costs.

Right answers: 2, 3, 5 .

Social science. Grade 11. A basic level of. Textbook. Authors: Nikitin A.F., Gribanova G.I., Martyanov D.S. The textbook enters the educational and methodological complex on social science for grade 11 ( a basic level of). Corresponds to the GEFU of the average (full) general Education, Include in the federal list. The textbook is praised the Vaizhest issues of the economy and law. The methodical apparatus of the textbook includes the headings "We think, compare, make conclusions", "check your knowledge," "Explore, design, discuss, arguing."

The figure reflects the change in the proposal of the chairs on the relevant market: the offer line S.moved to a new position - S. 1 . (P - price; Q - quantity.)

Which of the listed factors can cause such a change? Write down numbersunder which they are indicated.

1. increased the cost of materials for the upholstery of chairs
2. growth of labor remuneration in enterprises producing chairs
3. reducing the value of materials for frame chairs
4. reducing taxes charged with furniture manufacturers
5. rising electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 10 requires a very careful reading issue. It is necessary to deal with what is asked: about changing the value of the demand or value of the sentence? In this case, the proposal of the chairs in the relevant market has changed. Watching the change in the proposal curve, it can be said that the proposal has decreased. By fulfilling the task, it must be remembered that the cost of the supply is affected by the cost of production factors, technology, tax policy, state support, price expectations, competition, and the like.

Therefore, the first answer is the increase in the cost of materials on the upholstery of chairs just will contribute to the decline in the supply of this product in the market. The answer is correct. The growth of workers' remuneration increases the cost of such a production factor as labor, but also to lower the proposal of this product in the market. The answer is correct. The third option should lead to an increase in the proposal, since the decrease in the cost of raw materials leads to an increase in the supply of goods on the market (in our case, a decrease in the cost of material for the frame). The answer is not true. A decrease in taxes will also increase the proposal. The answer is not true. But the growth of electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers will increase variable costs and reduce the proposal. So, the rise in price of consumables, electricity tariffs, workers' wages will force a company or reduce production volumes or increase the cost of goods, which will lead to a decrease in supply in the market.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 11.

Choose loyal judgments about social stratification and social mobility and write down numbersunder which they are indicated.

1. Horizontal mobility involves the transition to the social group at another stage of the social hierarchy.
2. One of the Differentiation Criteria social groups - income.
3. Personal qualities of a person act as a criterion for social stratification of modern society.
4. Sociologists distinguish individual and collective mobility.
5. One of the criteria for social stratification of society is the volume of power.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 11, we proceed from the knowledge of the concepts of "social stratification" and "social mobility", the criteria of social stratification, species of social mobility.

Horizontal mobility involves the transition from one social group to another on the same stage of the social staircase. Therefore, the first judgment is not true. Differentiation (separation) of social groups in society occurs in many criteria, one of which is income. And the volume of power, education, prestige profession. The second and fifth judgments are true, unlike the third. Personal qualities of a person are not a criterion of social stratification. The fourth judgment is true, since sociologists really distinguish individual and collective mobility. For example, under the influence of the events of the 1917 revolution, the provisions of social groups occurred.

Right answers: 2, 4, 5.

During the sociological surveys of adults of the Z and Y countries, they were asked by the question: "Which directions of the youth policy of the state do you consider the most important?"

The results of surveys (in% of the number answered) are shown in the diagram.

Find out the conclusions that can be made on the basis of the chart and write down in the list of the diagram. numbersunder which they are indicated.

1. The proportion of those who marks the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, politics, in the country Z is less than in the country of Y.
2. Equal shares of respondents in each country consider it necessary to conduct educational work.
3. In the country z opinion on the importance of providing access to decision-making in the economy, public life, politics is less popular than the opinion on the importance of conducting educational work.
4. In the country, there are equal shares of the respondents noted as the most important areas of creating conditions for self-expression, self-realization of young people and conducting educational work with it.
5. The share of those who consider the most important provision of social support in the country z is larger than in the country y.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 12, you need to carefully read the conditions of the sociological survey. In this case, they found out the most important directions of the youth policy of the two countries. The diagram presents the data of these countries. Before reading the presented judgments, it should be carefully learned to study the chart. In each of the countries, the leading position took the answer to "providing social support." Further, in the country Z in second place was the position of "conducting educational work", and the minimum position took the judgment "ensuring access to decision-making ...". In the country y, the same minimum positions occupied the judgments "Ensuring access to decision-making ..." and "Creating conditions for self-expression." After we independently tried to analyze the statistical materials, we try to analyze judgments.

The first judgment is true, since, these charts demonstrate this position. The second judgment is not true, since in the country z more of those who consider "conducting educational work" important compared to the country y.

The third judgment is true, and we saw it during your own diagram analysis.

Fourth judgment is also true, we also identified the analysis of the chart on time and noted these positions, as the minimum identical.

The fifth judgment is not true, it is clearly visible in the diagram. Indicators talk about the opposite result.

Right answers: 1, 3, 4.

Task number 13.

Choose faithful judgments about the state and its functions and write down numbersunder which they are indicated.

1. The environmental requirements established by the state are the basis of the country's environmental safety.
2. The fundamental feature of the state of any type is the implementation of the principle of separation of the authorities.
3. The state has a monopoly law to legally apply coercion by the protection of order and security authorities.
4. The external functions of the state include the definition of the general direction of the economic policy of the state in accordance with the achieved level of economic development.
5. The state creates a regulatory and organizational basis for the effective and qualitative activities of state bodies.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 13, it is important to recall the concept of "state", its main features, external and internal functions. The first judgment sends us to such a sign of the state as an exceptional right on lawmakes. Therefore, the judgment "environmental requirements established by the state ( powder), make up the basis of environmental safety of countries "is true. The second judgment is not true, because the principle of separation of the authorities is implemented in a democratic state, and, therefore, this sign is not fundamental for any type of state.

The third judgment "The state has a monopoly law to legally apply coercion by the protection of procedure and security authorities" in fact, sends us to the most important sign of the state - the monopoly legal right to coercion. The fourth judgment is erroneously, since it reflects the most important internal function of the state "Determination of the general direction of the state economic policy." The fifth judgment collected two signs of the state: law-conducting and the system of bodies and mechanisms of implementation public power (We are talking about state authorities). We read: "The state creates regulatory and organizational basis for efficient and high-quality activities government agencies.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 14.

Set the compliance between questions and subjects of the state power of the Russian Federation, to which these issues include: to each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

To properly fulfill the task number 14, it is necessary to know the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the functionality of all branches of government in the Russian Federation. First, it is necessary to carefully see which subjects of the state power of the Russian Federation are specified in the task. In our case, they are not directly named, but levels are indicated: only the federal center and jointly federal center and subjects of the Russian Federation. Knowledge of the principles of the federal device of the Russian Federation will come to the rescue. Remember that under the conditions of the Federation, the principle of the integrity of the state, the unity of state power is being implemented, and the delimitation of powers, which we ask about. Previously, we saw the delimitation of authority, fulfilling the task of taxes. Need to remember what is in exceptional competence of federal authorities: all questions international relations, Defense and Safety, Sud, Federal Property, etc.

The first competence - the issues of ownership, use and orders of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources are in joint jurisdiction. A 2.. Those. This is a question for which the Center and Subjects share responsibility in solving problems. So, will correctly attribute to the same position "Implementation of measures to combat catastrophes" AT 2. Federal Funds of Regional Development implement the foundations of federal policies and federal programs, therefore B 1.. Positions of G and D are the exceptional competence of federal bodies, therefore G 1, d 1.

Task number 15.

In the democratic state z, during the reform of the electoral election system, the parliament was carried out a transition from the proportional electoral system to the majority.

What of the listed remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Record the appropriate numbers.

1. free and voluntary participation of citizens in elections
2. providing the right to vote to citizens from 18 years, regardless of nationality, gender, professional affiliation, education, income
3. fine voting procedure
4. single-member voting
5. the dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by the party from the number of votes
6. the possibility of nomination of independent non-partisan candidates

Answer: ___________________________.

Question number 15 is associated with the electoral process. Despite the fact that at the beginning of the question, we explain to the reform, during which the transition from the proportional electoral system to the majoritarian. The essence of the question is not so much about the types of electoral systems, their reform, but about elections in general (The topic "political participation"). It is necessary to recall the basic principles of elections in a democratic state: the direct participation of citizens, universal, equal, direct voting law, secret voting, voluntary participation.

Accordingly, the first judgment is true. The second judgment relates us to the principle of equality in the electoral law, therefore, it is also true. The third judgment is true, it is also represented by one of the principles - a secret ballot.

Fourth judgment goes beyond the question: what of the listed it remains unchanged During this electoral reform? Voting on single-member districts sends us to the organization of the electoral process in the majoritarian system, in contrast to proportional, where the state acts as a single constituency. So, this judgment reflects the change of the electoral process. The answer is not true in our case. The dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by the party, on the number of voters also relates to the proportional electoral system, which is not true for our question. The sixth version also reflects the majority electoral model.

Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 .

Task number 16.

What about the listed relative to political rights (freedoms) of a citizen of the Russian Federation? Write down numbersunder which they are indicated.

1. conduct meetings and rallies
2. statement of state bodies
3. payment legally established taxes and fees
4. defense of Fatherland
5. participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives

Answer: ___________________________.

Question No. 16 Returns us to the basics of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation. Rights and freedoms of man and citizen. It is important to know four groups of rights and freedoms: personal (civil), political, socio-economic, cultural. Our task is asked about political rights that are ensuring the participation of citizens in the implementation of political power. Therefore, the holding of meetings and rallies is true, the appeal to state bodies is true, participation in the management of the state's business through its representatives is true. Payment of taxes and fees, the defense of the Fatherland refer to the constitutional duties of a citizen, as well as compliance with the Constitution and the Laws of the Russian Federation, concern for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, care for children and disabled parents.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 17.

Choose faithful judgments about family right in the Russian Federation and write down numbersunder which they are indicated.

1. Family law regulates property and personal non-property relations between family members.
2. The marriage is suspended due to the announcement by the provision of the registry office of one of the spouses deceased.
3. The marriage is to record civil status acts (registry office).
4. The legal regime of the spouses is established only by the marriage contract.
5. Parents are required to provide the content to their minor children.

Answer: ___________________________.

Analyzing the materials of the task number 17, we allocate the basic concepts and norms relating to family law. The first judgment will be true, since it sends us to article 2 of the Family Code. The key institution of family law is the marriage concluded in the registry offices (judgment 3), generating mutual rights and obligations of spouses. The second judgment confuses us a little bit, it is known that in connection with the death of one of the spouses, the second spouse must come to the registry office to obtain a certificateabout his death, and as a result of this, termination of the concluded marriage. In our task formulated: marriage is suspended due to the announcement by the registry office of one of the spouses deceased. The answer is not true. The fourth and fifth options send us to the property rights and responsibilities of spouses. The fifth version is correct, since the wording is at the junction of constitutional duties and the norms of family law: parents are obliged to provide the content to their minor children. But the fourth version is erroneous because of its wording: the legal regime of the spouses is established onlymarital contract. It is not true since not only marriage contract, a and family law standards, i.e. The legal regime of the spouses is regulated by family law and is established by the marriage contract.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 18.

Set the correspondence between examples and measures of legal responsibility in the Russian Federation: to each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

Task number 18 is related to legal liability. When completing the task, it is important to recall the types of legal liability: criminal, administrative, civil and disciplinary. Reprimand is a disciplinary penalty - A 2.. The warning refers to the type of administrative penalties - B 3.. Dismissal on appropriate grounds (for example, a row, a one-time gross violation of labor duties, repeated non-fulfillment by a worker of employment duties, etc.) - AT 2. Note - disciplinary penalty, G 2.. Imprisonment - criminal liability for committing a crime - D 1.

Task number 19.

Joint-stock company "Sweet Charm" manufactures confectionery. Find the feature of the Differences of the Joint Stock Company from other organizational and legal forms of enterprises. Write down numbersunder which they are indicated.

• separation of the authorized capital of the company on equal parts, each of which is framed by the security
• mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees
• employee duty to comply with labor discipline
• the distribution of profits between employees in accordance with their employment participation
• risk of losses within the cost of the participant's securities
• payment by the owners of dividends for the year

Answer: ___________________________.

To fulfill Task No. 19, it is necessary to distinguish the organizational and legal forms of enterprises. In our case, allocate the distinctive features of the joint-stock company. Remember that joint-stock companies, as well as limited liability companies relate to economic societies. These are commercial organizations, i.e. The purpose of their activities is to receive profits. The authorized capital is divided into a certain number of shares. Participants may be citizens, legal entities and public legal entities. Therefore, the answer version 1 is "the division of the authorized capital of the company on equal parts, each of which is framed by the valuable paper" will be correct. It is known that shareholders are not responsible for the obligations of JSC, but carry the risk of losses on the activities of the Company within the cost of their shares. Therefore, option 5 - "Risk risk of losses within the cost of the participant owned by the participant" (Promotion - Securities) will be correct, as well as the answer 6 - "Payment of dividend owners by the results of the year." 2 and 3 judgments - "Mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees", "the obligation of workers to comply with labor discipline" refer to general places of labor law. But "the distribution of profits between employees in accordance with their labor participation" is a characteristic of such an organizational and legal form of an enterprise as "production cooperative" (artel).

Right answers: 1, 5, 6 .

Task number 20.

Read the following text in which a number of words are missed. Select from the proposed list of the words you want to insert into the place of pass.

"A person actively mastering and purposefully converting nature, society and himself, is _________ (a). This is a person with its socially formed and individually pronounced qualities: _________ (b), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that the individual in the joint with other people _________ (c) learns and changes the world and himself. The process of this knowledge during the assimilation and reproduction of social experience is simultaneously the process _________ (d).

Personality define as a special form of existence and development social ties, the relationship of man to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized by _________ (e) to develop, expand the sphere of its activities and is open to all influences of public life, any experience. This is a person who has its own position in life, which shows independence of thought, carries _________ (e) for his choice. "

Words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used. one time.

Choose a sequential one word after another, mentally filling each pass. Note that words in the list are more than you need to fill the pass.

Terms list:

1. activity
2. intellectual
3. duty
4. casual
5. a responsibility
6. socialization
7. personality
8. aspiration
9. communication

In this below, the table shows the letters denoting missed words. Write in the table under each letter number of your chosen word.

Performing Task number 20, I recommend first trying to read the text and independently substitute words, in your opinion, suitable in meaning. This is how the semantic understanding of the text content is achieved. And when re-reading already selecting words from the existing ones. You will have a situation of success when you selected words will coincide with the list offered from the list. So, we try to read, inserting words close in meaning, then choose from the present in the task.

"A person actively mastering and purposefully converting nature, society and himself, is personality (a) (Personality is a set of socially significant properties and qualities of a person. where the person is being formed - in society. What does personality makes - converts the world and himself). This is a person with its socially formed and individually pronounced qualities: intelligent (b), emotionally willed, moral, etc. (in this case there is a listing of socially significant qualities). Their formation is due to the fact that the individual in collaboration with other people activities (B) He learns and change the world and itself (one of the definitions of activity is the conscious activity of a person, the entrance of which a person changes the world around himself and changes himself; the process of interaction of a person with the world around). The process of this knowledge during the assimilation and reproduction of social experience is simultaneously the process. socialization (g).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social relations, human relations to peace and with the world, to themselves and with himself. It is characterized desire (e) Develop, expand its scope and is open to all influences of public life, any experience (again explains through the socialization process, which lasts throughout the human life). This is a person who has its own position in life, which shows independence of thought, carries responsibility (e) For your choice (freedom and responsibility in a person's life). "

Part 2

Read the text and execute the tasks 21-24.

In a broad sense, incomplete employment is such a position in which the work performed does not require full use of qualifications and professional training of the individual, does not correspond to its expectations and does not allow to receive such a salary that he could have, performing the work (and in volume) which could claim ...

Cyclic unemployment is associated with fluctuation of demand for labor. The decline is a cyclic decline in business activity, as a result of which people lose jobs for that period until the demand is raised again and business activity will not occur. Seasonal unemployment arises due to seasonal fluctuations in demand for labor. It affects those who are busy in fishing, construction and agriculture. Those who change the work and those who are not busy in connection with the transition from one place to another are called functional (frictional) unemployed. Functional (frictional) unemployment is considered although inevitable, but still an acceptable consequence of a healthy economy. It can be assumed that even with complete employment, hiring will move from place to place.

Structural unemployed experience difficulties in obtaining work due to insufficiently high or lack of qualifications, discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity, age or disabilities. Even in periods of high level of employment among structural unemployed, a disproportionately high unemployment remains.

Unemployment is not just a lack of work ... Although unemployment may be creative, mobilizing will with the test, most of those who have passed through it say that they experienced despair, impotence and confusion, especially if there were no work longer than a few weeks. For most people, employment is the main, and often the only means of ensuring material needs for food, clothing, roof over your head. Studies show: those who do not like their work, still prefer to keep it even when it is possible to live on other income. Although working conditions can cause adverse effects, the lack of work leads to a few problems: strengthening stress, family conflicts, addiction to alcohol and drugs.

(K.Kh. Bryer)

Getting Started to perform tasks in text 21-24, initially should be very careful to read the text and allocate the main semantic fragments of the text. Earn text with a handle to maximize content absorption. I do not recommend my disciples to immediately read the question and chaotically, when you run the answer to seek answers. As a rule, this practice leads to erroneous responses and a decrease in the scores on the exam.

Task number 21.

How is the effect of the decline in the cyclic unemployment indicated in the text? What branches of the economy, according to the author, affects seasonal unemployment? (Specify all the industries mentioned in the text.) How does the author explain the inevitability of the functional (frictional) unemployment?

Answer: "The decline is a cyclic decline in business activity, as a result of which people lose jobs for that period until the demand is not raised and there will be no revival of business activity." Those. The demand for labor fluctuates.

Task number 22.

Task number 22 is also better to perform in parts.

Answer: "Part-time employment is such a position in which the work performed does not require full use of qualifications and professional training of an individual, does not correspond to its expectations and does not allow to receive such a salary that he could have, performing that work (and in volume) which could claim ... "

Suppose why some workers agree to the state of incomplete employment (express two assumptions). When performing this task, I recommend the students to write each assumption from a new line.

In our case, we can simply wait, using the text. We do not give examples, because it is not specified in the task.

Answer: Workers agree on incomplete employment, because it is important to feel important to a person who needs. Even incomplete employment gives a person a sense of stability, relieves social tensions, makes it possible to participate in public life.

Employees agree on incomplete employment, because in the context of the crisis, even such work may be the only source of income of their families, protection against social shocks, allows you to maintain a lifestyle.

Task number 23.

The author notes that "even in periods of high employment among structural unemployed persists, disproportionately high unemployment. Using social scientific knowledge, explain the reason for this level of unemployment among these categories of citizens. Name any two measures to prevent the discrimination of the categories of citizens specified by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The author calls us the causes of high unemployment among structural unemployed: not highly high or lack of qualifications, discrimination on gender signs, ethnicity, age or disability. But the task requires the use and social science knowledge. We remember that from the course of social studies we know that structural unemployment is associated with the impossibility of employment of people of certain professions and the inconsistency of supply and demand in the labor market.

Answer: A high level of structural unemployment even during periods of high level of employment in the country is, as a rule, with changes in production technologies, scientific and technical progress. Those. People certain professions cease to be in demand in the labor market (in the task examples are not required, only an explanation of the problem).

Name any two measures to prevent the discrimination of the categories of citizens specified by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this case, we are asked to apply to the norms of labor law of the Russian Federation, since it regulates relations in the field of wage labor.

Answer: The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains prohibitions for discrimination:

1. citizens of the Russian Federation have equal opportunities for workers to promote work with work productivity, qualifications and work experience in the specialty, as well as preparation and additional professional education;
2. restrictions on labor rights or benefits depending on gender, race, color, nationality, language, origin, property, family, social and official position, age, place of residence, relations to religion, belief, belonging, or non-attribution to public associations or any social groups, as well as from other circumstances that are not related to the business qualities of the employee.

The guarantee of preventing discrimination of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the right of a person who considers itself discriminated in the field of labor, to apply to the court with a statement on the restoration of violated rights, compensation for material damage and compensation for moral damage.

Task number 24.

Why, according to the author, unemployment causes a state of despair, confusion of man? Using public knowledge and facts of public life, express two assumptions that the mobilizing impact of the unemployed state is manifested.

Using social science and facts of public life, express two assumptions that the mobilizing impact of the unemployed state is manifested (in this case, we must give examples, because the "facts of public life" sounds in the question).

1. The unemployed state gives an incentive for retraining if the profession is not much in demand in the labor market. Employment break for retraining and raising education. Citizen N after registration in the employment center, was aimed at professional training in the profession of an electric and gas welder.
2. The unemployed state makes it possible for organizing self-employment. For example, after dismissal from the main place of work when closing an enterprise in the city of Moscow, a citizen N moved to the Moscow region, submitted documents to the Center for Employment of the population of Moscow, where he received a consultation on the opening of the farm, assistance in drawing up a business plan and a lump-sum financial assistance.

Task number 25.

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "art"? Attracting the knowledge of a social science rate, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about art types, and one sentence, revealing the essence of the educational function of art.

Task number 25 can be successfully implemented only with the knowledge of the basic concepts of the course. Art is a form of culture that reflects the surrounding reality in artistic images. Artistic image can be expressed in different types of art: music, painting, architecture, sculpture, literature. Works of art have a great influence on the formation of a person's personality.

Task number 26.

Name and illustrate the examples of any three main responsibilities of the employer, enshrined in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

In task number 26, it is necessary to name and illustrate examples of any three main duties of the employer, enshrined in the Labor Code:

1. Ensure safety and working conditions in accordance with labor protection standards. At the enterprise N, in order to improve the working conditions of workers, training classes were held to prevent injuries,
2. To pay in full salary in full. For the detention of salary payment, the management of the enterprise Y was brought to justice in the form of coercion to pay to employees in addition to the salary of interest.
3. Implement compulsory social insurance of workers. IN labor contractSigned by a citizen N with a company in the partition of the employer's responsibilities was included in the obligatory social insurance of a citizen N.

Task number 27.

In the state Z was registered a new political party. It has central governments and regional offices. The party proclaims the traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, the nation, society over the interests of the individual. The political party during the elections scored the required number of votes and received places in parliament. Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation. Give a fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion. Name any two other types of batches allocated on this criterion, and briefly describe one of any of them.

• the party is registered;
• central governments and regional offices (a sign indicated by the mass batch);
• basic principles: traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual (a sign indicating the ideological affiliation - conservative);
• entered parliament after the election (participates in power - a sign indicating the ruling party);

Now questions: Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation.

Answer: Conservative Party.

Give a fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion.

Answer: Since the principles of the tradition and stability of development (traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, the nation, society over the interests of the individual) are defended.

Name any two other types of batches allocated on this criterion, and briefly describe one of any of them.

Answer: On ideological orientation, liberal and socialist parties can be distinguished. Signs of the liberal party: the inalienableness of the natural human rights, their priority over the interests of society and the state, political pluralism, free market economy.

Task number 28.

You are instructed to prepare an expanded answer on the topic "Family Types". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more detailed in subparagraphs.

To write a plan for any of the social scientists, it is necessary to clearly represent the structure of studying the topic. In fact, this task is checked by the understanding of the subject structure of the topic. Therefore, on the quality of the assimilation of the material theme, understanding of its structure, depends on the plan. In this case, the topic of the "Family Types" plan.

1. The concept of a family as based on marriage or the blood relationship of a small group.
2. Family functions (in this option, you can not specify the plan)
3. Types of families by the nature of the relationship between members:
1. Traditional (patriarchal family), its signs:
   A) joint residence of several generations;
   B) the majority of a man;
   C) the economic dependence of family members from a man;
   D) tough distribution of responsibilities
2. Affiliate (Democratic) Family:
   A) nuclearity;
   B) decision-making by all family members;
   C) economic independence of a woman;
   D) fair distribution of domestic duties
4. Types of families in relation to the education of children:
1. Authoritarian;
2. Democratic;
3. Liberal (connorative)
4. Modern trends in family development

Task 29.

Choose onefrom the statements proposed below, discover its meaning in the form of mini-essay, if necessary, different aspects of the problem assigned by the author (affected theme).

When presenting his thoughts on the raised problem (designated topic), with the arguments of its point of view, use knowledgeobtained in the study of the social studies of the corresponding concepts, as well as factssocial life and own life experience.

(As actual arguments, give at least two examples from various sources.)

29.1. Philosophy. "The privilege of fish, rats and wolves is to live according to the law of supply and demand; The law of human life is justice. " (D. Rёskin)

29.2. Economy. "Types of business are different, but business as the system remains one and the same regardless of its scale and structure, goods, technologies and markets." (P. Drager)

29.3. Sociology, social psychology. "We need schools that are not just taught, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate the person." (V.V. Putin)

29.4. Political science. "The supreme power is worthy of honor only inspired, since it is a means of ensuring human rights." (A. Kystin)

29.5. Jurisprudence. "The protection of law is the duty to society. Who protects their right, he protects the right in general. " (R. Iering)

The task 29. 3. "We need schools that are not just taught, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate the person." (V.V. Putin)

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly represent the sphere of society to which the chosen topic applies. It is necessary to carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your "luggage of knowledge", to understand what of the topics you have clearer theoretical ideas, for which one you can lead the most qualitative examples that reveal the content of the topic.

In this case, we chose the topic from the section Sociology, Social Psychology. We understand that the problem of modern school, education system immediately rises. Eternal question: the tasks of education learning and upbringing, what is more important? The issue of socialization is also addressed - "Schools that educate". I note that we cannot go here in the concepts of the theme of the spiritual sphere of society, because we write an essay from another section. So try writing.

What social order should the school be performed - to give students only a high level of education? Or carry out an equally important mission - education?

As is known from the course of social studies, education is a way of becoming a personality by receiving human knowledge, the acquisition of skills and skills, the development of creative abilities through a system of social institutions, the most important of which is the school.

When we talk about school as an institution that gives education, we understand that we are talking about a social institution that has a number of items: these are educational standards and programs, the principles of operation, including the network educational institutions and controls.

To improve the quality of education, the state takes a number of measures: the duration of the training is lengthened, the requirements for the qualification level of teachers increase, the variability of educational programs is used, the individual educational trajectories are built, schools are equipped with modern equipment, new forms of final certification are being implemented.

As a result, we see how graduates of schools demonstrate high points on the exam, giving the opportunity to occupy budget places in the leading universities of the capital. According to the results of international studies presented by the HSE, in which 49 countries took part, Russian primary school students occupy a leading position in the world to read, mathematics and natural science. As well as 8 classes in mathematics. According to the researchers, this result was achieved through the introduction of new educational standards, the system of unified state certification.

But only the educational results are enough for society and man? The author of the quotation clearly indicates to us on the most important component of the educational process: the education of a person.

Based on the functions of education: economic, social and cultural, it becomes clear that it is in the cultural function - the use of a previously accumulated culture in order to upbringing a person, the development of his creative abilities is manifested by this problem.

In addition to lessons, marks, exams, there is also a richest school life for events: cool hours, school festivals, hiking, joint trips with classmates in Russia and to other countries.

In all this, the student learns to interact with other people, manifests its abilities and talents. Just in this atmosphere and is implemented by the social function of education. Through the socialization of the person, the assimilation of social norms, statuses and roles.

As an example, you can lead from childhood your favorite movie "Chudak of 5 B" brightly demonstrating as a school team, the class forms the personality of Bori. How he learns responsibility when he is prescribed by counselors in grade 1.

Thus, V.V. Putin, in his statement, once again stressed the importance of understanding by the Company and the School of Industry of the two most important processes related to the socialization of the personality - education and education. "

Among the schoolchildren there is an opinion that social studies are the easiest subject of the EGE. Many choose it precisely for this reason. But this is a delusion that leads from serious training.

Changes in KIM EGE 2020 according to social studies:

• There are no changes in the structure and content of KIM.
• Detailed formulations of tasks 28, 29 and adjustments to the system of their estimation are made.

How to start preparing the exam on social science?

1. Teach the theory.

For this purpose, theoretical material is selected for each task, which you need to know and take into account when performing the task. There will be questions with a philosophical bias (person and society) and sociological (relationship in society). Remember that only 8 topics: society

• human
• knowledge
• sphere (culture)
• social sphere
• economy
• politics
• right

Spends on what themes will be a survey in tasks. In each topic there are many small sub-reference, which should be paid to the study.

To obtain a high result, the examiner must confidently operate with basic concepts and terms. Analyze the information provided in the form of graphics. Work with text. Competently arguing within the framework of the problem, concisely express my thoughts in writing.

Important Council: When preparing, you should not use materials and benefits for 2016 and earlier, since they lost compliance with updated tasks.

2. Well study the structure of the tasks, the system of their estimation.

The exam ticket is divided into two parts:

1. Tasks from 1 to 20, requiring a short response (word, phrase or digit);
2. Tasks from 21 to 29 - with a detailed answer and mini-essay.

Evaluation of the tasks of the EGE on social science was distributed as follows:

• 1 point - for 1, 2, 3, 10, 12 tasks.
• 2 points - 4-9, 11, 13-22.
• B point - 23, 24, 26, 27.
• 4 points - 25, 28.
• 6 points - 29.

Maximum can dial 65 points.
The minimum should be 43 total scores.

Special attention is paid to the tasks of the exam with a detailed response by social science.

3. Solution of the tasks of the social science of social science.

The more test tasks you will do, the stronger will be your knowledge. Tasks are formed on the basis of

"The expert is a person who made all possible mistakes in a very narrow specialty" - considered Niels Bohr. We offer not to do errors, but with the recommendations of experts on preparing for the EEG on social studies to get acquainted!

As always, in the second half of the year, we pleased with your methodological recommendations for the preparation for the exam in all subjects, including social studies. The information of this expert level is always useful to get from the "first set" directly from the exam development. Let's try to evaluate the vector of the current comments from Mrs. T.E. Liskova, the level of examples and find out the main thing.

So, first of all, refer to the materials of the video conference (in this form this year, FIPI decided to give his recommendations) i.e. Liskova, head of the Federal Commission of Developers of Control Measuring Materials Let's look at its advice

1. Serious meaningful changes in Kima since 2017 did not happen, as we mentioned when

2. The most complex tasks of experts consider 14 and 16, checking knowledge about the activities and powers of the highest bodies of state power in the Russian Federation and the basics

Recall that the analysis of the subject's codifier topics you can get in the free video course on the main topics of the course.

3. Perform all tasks to perform (although it is obvious), and ask to carefully read the terms of tasks. For example, in a task 2, some graduates of previous years were looking for not specified in the list (invented), instead of, as required in the condition, to find a generalizing in this list.

4. Especially Liskova drew attention to the task 25, associated with the analysis of the social science term. Here, non-fulfillment of the very concept, whose analysis is required to be given further in 2 sentences, leads to a general score 0. For all task. Therefore, I would like to recall the need for no simple memorization and "cravings" of terms (forget, not so reproduce - 0). A study of the skill of independent formulation, for example, in the section of our site.

Their general urge, in our opinion, is to narrow the possibility of a graduate, showing common intellectuality (or pre-harvested patterns) "Pour water", evading specifics in the selected topic. Although, I think, and "Methodical recommendations ..." Here I will support me that in some cases the general erudition should only be welcomed by the expert.

Controversial, if you, for example, in the statement of Lenin (about socialism, restricting freedom, dictatorship of the proletariat) through his socialism-Marxism will go to the construction of the USSR (as an argument from history to K3).

Sometimes it will be useful to fulfill the actual criterion (from history, public life).

Many are starting essay. For example: "This statement relates to the field of sociology. This science studies social interactions and public structure ... ". It turns out, no need ...

There is a question why? Let us leave it unanswered, and at the end we will see a couple of last year's essay from phii, illustrating these remarks of Liskova.

Real essays with expert check

And here's real examples. №1.

Despite the fact that it is really written a lot, there are examples from history (not quite correct, truth), but common score 0. The meaning of the statements is not disclosed, the content of the answer does not give the idea of \u200b\u200bits understanding.

Unfortunately, almost all of this essay - a set of non-interconnected thoughts, not a single term is disclosed with an applicant, and looks like an arbitrary reflection ("information noise" from the expert is called this product).

Example number 2. A much more informative essay, and look at his beginning right away. Correctly used fact from the biography of the author quotes. Asks why not?

Recall that you can quickly and efficiently work out all the topics of the EGE codifier you can also with the essay course! Good luck to you in these last months when preparing!

The eighteenth assignment of the social science of social studies continues the topic "Law"; It needs to be conformated between the positions of two columns and enter the results in the tablet. As in all such tasks, you need to correlate generalizing concepts with private - for example, specific examples with what they illustrate, or functions with those who carry them out.

18 The task of the exam in social science is the basic level of complexity, but the maximum possible score for it is 2. It is set in the case of absolutely proper execution. In the case of one error, 1 point is set, two or more errors - 0 points.

Despite the basic level of complexity, it is often 100 tasks without good fundamental knowledge of theoretical material is very difficult. It is also very important to carefully check the answer, so as not to confuse the numbers from the second column - after all, the points obtained for this task may be subsequently crucial. It is also important to remember that all positions from the second column must be present in the answer - if they are allowed, 3, and you used only 2, you need to double-check the answer and find a place for the third position.

The assignment algorithm

1. Read the condition of the task;
2. We study the proposed options in both columns;
3. In turn, we work out each version of the first column, finding it for it in the second;
4. Check and write the answer.

Analysis of typical options of tasks №18 EGE on social science

The first version of the task

Install the correspondence between the actions and the elements of the taxpayer status in the Russian Federation: to each position from the first column, pick up matching in the second column.

The rights and obligations of taxpayers are spelled out in the Tax Code, in Articles 21 and 23. However, in this case, it is impossible to guess intuitively, which relates to the rights, and what is to the duties. Provisions under the letters a, b, r - rights, and in and d - duties. Nevertheless, it is still better to familiarize yourself with these articles of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation: the tasks associated with them are found in the options of the exam quite often.

To fulfill this task, it is necessary to know that civil law regulates property and personal non-property relations - mainly commodity and property-value. Administrative law regulates public relations arising about the implementation of the executive branch, and administrative misconduct includes those that encroach on public order, rights and freedom of citizens. Based on this, it is easy to determine that offense under the letters A, B and D refer to the administrative, and B and G - to civilian; In the examples in and, we are talking about inventive money. In case of difficulties, the administrative misconduct can be found with their list in the Codex of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses.

BUT	B.	IN	G.	D.
1	1	2	2	1

Third version of the task

Install the correspondence between the examples and types of consumer rights: to each position from the first column, pick up the match in the second column.

Consumer rights

A) Elena bought shampoo, but on his label there is no information about the place of production of goods B) Victoria acquired a blender, which during use burned down and caused her burns C) Nikolai bought a jacket, and after two days the socks on it went through lateral seam D) Stanislav found that the tea acquired by them contains fruit additives, although the package it was indicated that it was classic black tea E) Tatiana bought lipstick, and soon she began allergic; Laboratory analysis showed that lipstick was made using prohibited materials for this

The right to information about the manufacturer and product The right to safety Right when detecting flaws in the product

This example is not difficult: already on comparison of situations with the rights of the consumer it is easy to determine which one to what applies to. So, in the first case, we see the lack of information - it means we are talking about the right to information about the goods. Under the letter B describe the situation in violation of the right to safety of the goods. In the third situation, the lack of goods was discovered - according to the law on the protection of the rights of consumer, in this case the citizen has the right to replace the goods or a full return of the amount paid for him. Under the letter G, we again see the violation of the right to product information - false information was indicated on the label. In the latter case, the purchased goods caused harm - it means again describes a violation of the right to safety of goods.

This option is already somewhat more complicated; To fulfill it, it is necessary to remember that commercial legal entities are created to obtain profits in the process of their activities and further distribution of profits between their participants, and non-commercial do not have any goals related to profit and are created for social, cultural, managerial, charitable goals. At the same time, non-commercial legal entities can also conduct entrepreneurship, but only in limited volume. So, based on this, the farm belongs to commercial persons, as well as the municipal unitary enterprise. But the garage cooperative is a non-commercial legal entity; It is created by citizens to ensure the conditions for storing their cars, joint operation of garages. The production cooperative refers to commercial persons - its members are united by mutual contributions. The community of indigenous minorities is created not to profit, but in cultural and social purposes, therefore this is a non-profit legal entity.

Internal affairs bodies are the police; It is an executive body and is engaged in the protection of the rights, life and health of citizens, counteracting crime and providing public security. The prosecutor's office is sometimes called the "fourth branch of power"; It is supervised by compliance with laws, consideration of related appeals of citizens, audits of enterprises, coordination of law enforcement agencies. Knowing it, you can easily perform the task; The functions of the prosecutor's office include examples A and g, and all other are the functions of the internal affairs organs.

Correctional work is one of the types of administrative punishment, along with an administrative penalty, arrest to 15 days, suspension of activities, deprivation of special law, etc. Reprimand and remark - examples of disciplinary recovers that occur in the event of a violation of labor, educational or official discipline. Reimbursement of losses is the main measure of responsibility, coming in case of harm to the property of citizens, which is governed by civil law. Warning is another measure of administrative responsibility.

BUT	B.	IN	G.	D.
2	1	1	3	2

Slide 1.

Ege social science
Tasks 33 - 34
D.S. Mikhailov

Slide 2.

1 (33)
In modern society, the role and importance of civil institutions is strengthened. Give three examples illustrating partnerships of civilian non-political organizations with the state.

Slide 3.

- Association of teachers, trade unions of education workers take an active part in the discussion of political decisions in the field of education, amendments to the Law on Education; - residential associations, homeowners' accessories, together with the mayoria, the management of the city discuss the issues of urban planning, improving the transport situation, the construction of new parking lots; - journalists, representatives of the professional associations of workers engaged in the media oppose the pressure on the media, in defense of freedom of speech; - Organization of veterans of local wars and conflicts are the requirements of the development of additional measures of social protection of military personnel; - Environmental organizations and movements are discussing decisions on the construction of large complexes, industrial enterprises, Amendments to environmental legislation.
Answer

Slide 4.

2 (33)
Scientists believe that the main value of modern society, its guideline, is innovation. Illustrate the trone examples of the innovative nature of modern society.

Slide 5.

Answer
Innovative education. Multimedia technologies are widely introduced at school, a tablet computer will be used soon instead of a paper textbook. 2) innovative nature of the economy. The economic leaders are those industries that are most actively used and use new technologies, produce new products (industries Hai-Tech, Microsoft, Google, etc.). 3) innovative character of the daily life of people. Every day our lives includes technical innovations and improvements (iPhones, gadgets, electronic books, digital television).

Slide 6.

3 (33)
Indicate and illustrate the examples of any three criteria of public progress.

Slide 7.

Answer
humanization public relations (for example, the abolition of the death penalty, mitigating criminal laws, the dissemination of multicultural ideas, etc.); 2) Improvement of equipment and technology (for example, the introduction of new computer equipment, the spread of iPhones, iPadov, mastering outer space etc.); 3) expanding the spectrum of human rights and freedoms (for example, the abolition of discrimination on sex, racial, national sign, expansion of electoral rights, etc.).

Slide 8.

4 (33)
There are various social norms in society, including traditions, ceremonies, corporate standards (business customers). Each of the social norms named in the task is to illustrate a specific example. (Specify the type of norm first, and then the example).

Slide 9.

Answer
Traditions (for example, Moscow graduates celebrate a holiday last call, coming to the Vorobyev Mountain, annually; Students and teachers of Moscow State University celebrate Tatyanian Day (January 25) walking and drinking hot honeycomb); 2) ceremony, (for example, entry into the position of President of the Russian Federation; Tea ceremony in China and Japan, the ceremony of awarding the credentials of ambassadors); 3) Corporate norms, (for example, the procedure for concluding a contract for the company; negotiation between entrepreneurs).

Slide 10.

5 (33)
Name the levels of socialization allocated by scientists. Give the characteristic to each level of socialization, denoting socialization agents.

Slide 11.

Answer
1) The level of primary socialization. Primary socialization occurs in the sphere of interpersonal relations in small groups; 2) the level of secondary socialization. Secondary socialization occurs at the level of large social groups and institutions. To primary socialization agents, scientists belong to the closest environment of the individual: parents, close and distant relatives, family friends, peers, teachers, doctors, etc. Secondary agents are formal organizations, official institutions: representatives of the administration and school, army, states and T d.

Slide 12.

6 (33)
The information revolution of the last third of the 20th century led to large-scale qualitative changes in all spheres of society. Specify any three directions of change, each of which illustrates the example.

Slide 13.

Answer
a change in the nature of relations between people in society (for example, instead of vertical ties, urges and executing comes, horizontal, based on partnership interaction); 2) a change in the nature of the economy, the economic foundations of society (for example, a new production factor appears - information, its production, processing, broadcasting, increases the importance of the human production factor - intellectual labor); 3) Changes in relations between states (for example, through electronic networks, borders are erased between states, nations, people, there are supranational decision-making centers).

Slide 14.

7 (33)
One of the most important differences in the market economy is a competitive struggle. Give two positive and two negative manifestations of competition, each of which illustrates the specific example.

Slide 15.

Slide 16.

8 (34)
States K. and N. bordered among themselves. In both states there is a proportional electoral system. In K., a 9% elective threshold was approved for passing parties to parliament, while in N. The electoral threshold is only 0.75%. In addition, in K. in order to get into the election lists of parties, candidates should contribute a significant monetary fee into the party treasury or collect 10 thousand signatures of supporters. Which country electoral legislation is more democratic? Give two arguments in explanation of your answer.

Slide 17.

Answer
The electoral system in the state of N. 2) is more democratic - in K. Only the most influential and large parties can pass to parliament, the most minor will not receive a representative office, also the part of the citizens who voted for the party, who did not score 9% of the vote, will remain without of their representatives in the legislative body. In N., almost all political forces, with the exception of the most minor parties, will be presented in parliament, and the situation in it will be more competitive, discussion. - The commitment to making a major contribution to the party treasury contributes to the nomination of the most wealthy citizens to the parliament, which will defend the interests of the same in the level of living and income of the population. In N., where there are no such restrictions, the composition of the parliament will be more democratic. M.

Slide 18.

9 (34)
In one of the North African countries, an armed conflict between the authorities and the opposition began. Many civilians from fear of their lives left their homes and began to leave the country, raping refugee camps in neighboring countries, trying to get to Europe, find work in the specialty. What social phenomenon represents this example? Bring the specific name of the social phenomenon described in the task. Specify the two characterizing its features (signs).

Slide 19.

Answer
The phenomenon described in the task is social mobility, one of its forms - migration. 2) the given form of social mobility can be described as: - group (covers many people); - territorial (geographical) (people change the residence); - horizontal (people do not change their status, trying to get a job in their profession in a new place).

Slide 20.

10 (34)
T. Parsons believed that culture performs the main regulatory role in the development of society, personality and human body. Based on the knowledge of history, social science and its own experience, bring three possible examples confirming this point of view.

Slide 21.

Answer
- Culture, including norms, customs, rites, traditions, language, etc., determines the environment in which each social community exercises, for example, ethno national (Belarusian, Russian, Polish, Lithuanian, Azerbaijani, etc.) - The culture of the national community or social layer dictates differences in value judgments and in the standards of personality behavior. - culture has an impact on human body, instilling hygiene norms, etc.

Slide 22.

11 (33)
Article 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation indicates: "Russia is a social state." Illustrate three examples of the social rights of citizens of the Russian Federation.

Slide 23.

Answer
1. The right to the minimum wage. In case of employment, the employee cannot be established for labor payment below the established minimum wage. 2. Right to the public retirement. Women who have reached 55 years of age have the right to receive a pension. 3. The right to social protection in the event of a loss of work, disability, etc. In the event of a loss of work, it is necessary to register on the work of the labor market, which will allow to receive unemployment benefits.

Slide 24.

12 (34)
What trend of the development of interethnic relations can be attributed to the international festival of young people? Give any two other examples of this trend in the development of interethnic relationships.

Slide 25.

Answer
The example reflects the trend of approaching nations, interethnic integration; 2) - examples of economic and political unions: European Free Trade Association (EST), European Union (EU), Organization of the North Atlantic Treaty (NATO), etc.; Examples of international cultural centers: (Center for International Education, Center for Latin American Culture, etc.).

Slide 26.

13 (34)
What form of culture can be attributed to the ballet? Name any three distinctive features of the ballet for which you have identified it.

Slide 27.

Answer
Ballet refers to the elite form of culture; 2) - Created by professionals, people with special training - is not perceived by all, but connoisseurs - for the bulk of incomprehensible and boring

Slide 28.

14 (34)
Population growth in developing countries with all the sharpness put the food problem. To solve it uses an extensive development path agriculture - Mastering all new lands. This leads to the cutting of tropical forests on large areas. Intensive path of development of agricultural production related to use modern technologyIt is often unavailable to these states due to their economic backwardness. The relationship of any global problems Here traced? Specify three problems.

Slide 29.

Answer
- demographic; - ecological; - Gap in the levels of economic development of the countries "North" and "South".

Slide 30.

15 (34)
The ability to effectively act in a non-standard situation, to find the optimal solution of the problem is not laid in humans, like an animal, in the genetic program, in instincts, and is gained in ontogenesis, in the process of activity. Name any two types of activities that contribute to the development of this skill. Explain how to use them in non-standard situations.

Slide 31.

Answer
1) the game (promotes the development of fantasy, creative imagination, which affects the ability to accept non-standard solutions); 2) educational and educational activities (involves the search for methods and options for solving educational tasks, transferring knowledge gained from familiar situations to unfamiliar).

Slide 32.

16 (34)
The family arose in deep antiquity was originally focused on all the main functions to ensure human vital activity. Gradually, she began to share their separate functions with other institutions of society. Specify three features such. Name the social institutions that began to perform them.

Slide 33.

Answer
1. Family functions that were divided with other institutions of society: a) socializing b) economic c) socio-status. 2. Institutes that have become performed. 1. Education, religion. Participate in socializing personality. 2. The state protects the rights of children. Army. 3. Media. Present the possibilities of organizing leisure, opportunities for entertainment family members.

Slide 34.

17 (34)
In many states, age qualifications have been introduced for the realization of the right to elect and be elected to state authorities. Does this centers comply with the values \u200b\u200bof a democratic society? Bring three substantiations of your opinion.

Slide 35.

Answer
1) the age qualifications do not contradict the values \u200b\u200bof a democratic society; 2) - age valves applies to all citizens of the relevant age, i.e. The principle of equality is not violated; - age qualities does not exclude other possibilities of adolescents and young people to participate in the political life of society; - age values \u200b\u200bdoes not violate the principle of periodic election of state authorities; - age qualities are advisable due to the timing of political socialization of adolescents and young people.

Slide 36.

18 (34)
In one of the textbooks, this phenomenon is revealed as follows: "The combination of funds and receptions with which society guarantees that the behavior of its members, individual management entities, social groups will be carried out in accordance with the established social norms and values." Name the social phenomenon referred to in the text. Using the knowledge of the social science rate, give two elements and illustrate the example of one (any) of them.

Slide 37.

Answer
1) Social phenomenon: social control; 2) two elements: - social norms; - social sanctions; 3) Example: Sanctions of encouragement - praise, applause, prize, grades, etc.

Slide 38.

19 (34)
Firm "Ivanov and K." Located in the property of a group of persons. The owners of the enterprise are responsible for the obligations of their enterprise in full property belonging to them have equal rights in managing their enterprise. What institutional form is this enterprise? Bring two substantiations of your answer. Proper an additional feature that distinguishes enterprises of this legal form not specified in the task.

Slide 39.

Answer
1. The company is a complete partnership 2. - Owners answer all their property for the obligations of the enterprise - the owners have equal rights in management 3. - Each of the partnership participants has the right to "veto" when making decisions; - founders of enterprises can be both individual entrepreneurs and legal entities.

Slide 40.

20 (34)
In the country of N. after the arrival of the government of the Socialists, a large-scale tax reform was held. Instead of a single flat scale calculation of income tax individuals (NDFL) Progressive-regressive scale was introduced. What is the essence of this Ndfl calculus scale? Give two justifications in favor of its introduction for society.

Slide 41.

Answer
The progressive and regressive scale for calculating the tax incomes of individuals involves increasing the tax rate for persons having high incomes, and, on the contrary, a decrease in the tax rate for individuals with the lowest income. 2) - the progressive scale allows additional funds to the budget from the citizens and direct them to finance social programs in the field of health, education, maintaining the poor; - the progressive and regressive scale allows to strengthen the social function of taxes, to promote overcoming excessive social inequality, a decrease in social discontent in society; - the progressive scale contributes to the growth of social responsibility of wealthy citizens, understanding the need to help that society that provided them with the opportunity to receive high income, etc.

Slide 42.

21 (33)
Expand on three examples theoretical position on the essence of creative activity.

Slide 43.

Answer
1) qualitatively new goals of activity (for example, the creation of an artificial satellite of the Earth); 2) qualitatively new means of activity, ways to achieve goals (for example, new ways to solve the problem of physics); 3) Qualitatively new performance results (for example, a computer presentation using new software capabilities).

Slide 44.

22 (33)
Give three types of political relations in modern society and illustrate them with examples.

Slide 45.

Answer
- Relationship between political parties. For example, the relationship of cooperation or competition for power, which can be observed between the parties "United Russia", LDPR, CPRF and other political parties in modern Russia; - Relations between the state and social groups. For example, the state is currently actively supported by the Institute of Motherhood and Childhood in the country, paying benefits ("Maternal Capital"), also supports small businesses; - Relations between the state and the media. The state through the media makes statements about the directions and results of the work of the state apparatus (the implementation of the national project "Education").

Slide 46.

23 (33)
With the help of three examples, illustrate the features of the batch of the batch of conservative sense.

Slide 47.

Answer
- the conservative government seeks to preserve the existing position in the political sphere (the form of government, administrative apparatus, the judicial system, the existing political parties); - conservative power often limits the freedom of action of reformers; - Freedom of low-level structures is narrowed by transferring part of their functions to higher authorities.

Slide 48.

24 (33)
Illustrate the three examples of differences in the management system of the parliamentary and presidential republics.

Slide 49.

Answer
- In the Presidential Republic, the President receives powers directly from voters, the president is usually elected to the Legislative Assembly in the Parliamentary Republic; - President of the President, the Parliamentary Party of the parliamentary majority party is appointed in the presidential republic. - In the presidential republics, the president is free in the choice of candidates for government posts, in the Parliamentary republics, the appointment to the government receive only the deputies of the party, which has most places in the Legislative Assembly.

Slide 50.

25 (33)
With the help of three examples, illustrate the relationship of the global problems of modernity.

Slide 51.

Answer
1) the economic backwardness of developing countries generates the use of technologies that cause a large damage to nature; 2) the rapid growth of population in developing countries exacerbates economic problems, increases the lag from developed states; 3) the low socio-economic level of a number of developing countries, the lack of developed health systems, education leads to an increase in dangerous diseases, such as AIDS.

Slide 52.

26 (33)
Show on three examples a close relationship of society and nature.

Slide 53.

Answer
1) natural conditions determine the classes of people (for example, fishing among the inhabitants of coastal territories); 2) Minerals, their presence or absence, their development largely determine the state of economic development (for example, the situation of countries, oil exporters); 3) Natural cataclysms can cause tremendous damage to society (for example, destruction due to earthquakes, tsunami).

Slide 54.

27 (33)
With the help of three examples, illustrate the mutual influence of folk, mass and elite culture.

Slide 55.

Slide 56.

28 (33)
Show with the help of three examples by the variety of criteria for allocating social groups. In each case, specify the criterion and give it a specific example.

Slide 57.

Answer
- age (youth); - Profession (deputies); - income (middle class);

Slide 58.

29 (33)
Give three manifestations of the role of mass communication in modern society and discover each of them on the example.

Slide 59.

Answer
1) representing the mass audience of current information about the various sides of the life of modern society (newspapers, television illuminate essential events Internal I. foreign Policy, economic, social, cultural processes and phenomena); 2) participation in the formation of public consciousness of the personality and social groups, public opinion and social stereotypes (mass communication facilities contribute to the formation of a negative public opinion against international terrorism); 3) the possibility of using mass communication in manipulation and management of public consciousness (newspapers and television are often used as channels to manipulate the opinion of citizens during the election campaign period); 4) the participation of the media in the socialization of the individual (through the media, the individual is taking social norms that exist in society); 5) the familiarization of the Company and the individual with the achievements of culture and art, the peculiarities of various cultures (the mass communication means are constantly reported on cinematic, book news, theatrical premieres, etc.).

Slide 60.

30 (33)
Show on specific examples in which the relationship between social statuses and roles is expressed. Bring at least three examples.

Slide 61.

Answer
1. From the student expect the development of training items provided for by the program, visiting the school; 2. From the head of the enterprise - responsible solutions, concern for members of the team; 3. From parent - upbringing your child

Slide 62.

31 (33)
Name the three main characteristics of the teachings as a type of activity.

Slide 63.

Answer
- availability of subjects of activity (students and teachers); - availability of an object of activity (subject studied); - focus on the purchase of new knowledge and skills; - Use of training tools (textbook, atlas, workbook).

Slide 64.

32 (33)
Name any three state functions and discover each one of them.

Slide 65.

Answer
1) economic function (adoption by the State Duma of the State Budget); 2) social function (adoption of a law on the reform of the pension system); 3) legal function (adoption of the Criminal Code); 4) cultural and educational function (state support of folk museums); 5) the defense function of the country (definition of the military-political doctrine); 6) the function of protecting the interests of the country in the international arena (participation in the UN activities)

Slide 66.

33 (33)
Political parties play an important role in the social life of a democratic society. Name any three functions of the political party in the political system of society and illustrate each of them a specific example.

Slide 67.

Answer
1) the expression of the powerful significant interests of individual social groups (the parliamentary fraction of the political party represents the interests of the middle class, to ensure the adoption of legislation governing the activities of the Middle and Small Business, and tax benefits for these types of business); 2) the development of political programs (the political party presented its program for the development of civil society institutions); 3) Political socialization of citizens and attracting them to participate in political life (the political party conducted a series of mass rallies in support of democratic reforms, attracting young people to the participation of the invitation of famous pop performers in them).

Slide 68.

34 (33)
Illustrate three examples of the relationship between the problems associated with increasing the gap between the developed countries and the third world countries, with the problem of preventing a new world war.

Slide 69.

Answer
1) a significant number of local armed conflicts falls on the third world countries, some of which have nuclear weapons (for example, Indo-Pakistani conflict); 2) due to the exacerbation of the problem of providing raw materials and energy resources, the most developed countries of the world provoke, and sometimes they themselves participate in wars for control over sources of raw materials (for example, war in the Persian Gulf or American-Iraq war); 3) the poverty of individual regions of the planet contributes to the spread of the most radical, warlike ideologies in them, whose adherents are fighting against developed countries (for example, Islamic terrorist organizations).

Slide 70.

35 (33)
Name any three features of the economic partnership on faith (comdients) as an organizational and legal form of entrepreneurial activity.

Slide 71.

Answer
1) commercial organizations can be founders of the partnership along with individual entrepreneurs; 2) the separation of capital in the organization on the share (deposits) of the founders; 3) Along with the participants who carry out entrepreneurial activities on behalf of the partnership and responsible for the obligations of the partnership with their property, there are several contributors participants who carry losses only within the contributions made by them and do not take part in business).

Slide 72.

36 (33)
Inflation complicates the activities of producers and consumers in a market economy. Illustrate the three examples of the rational behavior of the consumer under considerable inflation.

Slide 73.

Answer
1) Taking money in debt, as in the conditions of inflation, the debtor is always in winning, he will have to return cheaper money, compared with those that he took; 2) attachment of savings into works of art, that is less susceptible to depreciation; 3) acquisition of a plot of land, real estate; 4) investment in their own vacation, health, etc.

Slide 74.

37 (33)
What economic concept is characterized by the situation when the costs of the state budget exceed its income? Give three examples of state action to overcome the consequences of this situation.